ABSTRACT
Objective: To optimize the mixing technology of Daphnes Giraldii Cortex gel plaster (DGCGP) by using rheological parameters elastic modulus (G'), viscous modulus (G″), yield stress (τ0), creep compliance [J(t)] and loss coefficient (tanδ) as evaluation indexes. Methods: Using orthogonal design, L9(34) orthogonal design was used to screen out the best mixing technology of DGCGP and predict the suitable coating conditions by taking the temperature, rotating speed and mixing time of the mixed materials as influencing factors and the rheological parameters of the medicated compound as evaluating indexes. Results: The optimum DGCGP mixing process was as following: 70℃ at 10 r/min for 2 h. Under this condition, the viscoelasticity, temperature and shear resistance, deformation resistance and stability of the mixture were all good. Conclusion: DGCGP prepared by this optimized process had good appearance, soft texture, good adhesion with skin, good viscoelasticity and better quality.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To provide scientific basis for the temperature condition of Daphnes Giraldii Cortex (DGC) post-cross-linked gel plaster during storage and transportation. Methods: Taking linear viscoelastic region, modulus, yield stress, phase angle, composite viscosity and creep compliance as evaluation indexes, amplitude scanning, frequency scanning, temperature scanning and creep testing were carried out on the cross-linked gel plaster matrix after DGC by an advanced rotary rheometer, and relevant data of elastic modulus, viscosity modulus, phase angle, composite viscosity, creep compliance and yield stress of the samples which were stored at room temperature, -20 ℃ and -50 ℃ for 1, 3, 8, and 13 d were respectively obtained. Results: All samples of DGC post-crosslinking gel plaster showed elastic characteristics and stable state. After storage under different conditions, the state is still stable and the dispersibility is better. The peel strength of samples stored for 8 d and 13 d was decreased. The retention of samples stored at -50 ℃ for 13 d was decreased. Conclusion: DGC plaster containing post-crosslinked gel matrix had stable state, good dispersibility, initial adhesion, peel strength and shape retention when samples were stored below 0 ℃ for 3 d.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the therapeutic effects of different compatibility of Daphnes Giraldii Cortex (DGC) and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (GRR) on rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) model, to screen the compatibility ratios, and to explore the possible mechanism. Methods: AA model in SD rats was established, then the arthritic rats were randomly divided into 14 groups such as model, Tripterygium Glycosides Tablet (TGT), low-, mid-, high-dose DGC, low-, mid-, high-dose GRR, low-, mid-, high-dose DGC + GRR (3:1), and low-, mid-, high-dose DGC + GRR (3: 2) groups, and 10 normal rats were as control group. The rats in treatment groups were ig administered 2 d before the model establishment, for 31 d. The body weight changes were observed, the paw edema and arthritis index (AI) were calculated, and the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in AA rat serum were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of VEGF and MIF were detected with immunohistochemistry. Results: DGC + GRR, and DGC significantly inhibited the decrease of body weight, also reduced paw swelling, AI, levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in AA rat serum, joint damages of AA rats, and levels of VEGF and MIF in the synovial membrane of AA rats, and the DGC + GRR (3: 2) group had the best effect. The differences were significantly compared with the model group (P < 0.05, 0.01). Conclusion The combined use of DGC and GRR can obviously relieve the arthritis syndrome in AA rats by reducing the expression of serum cytokines as well as inhibiting the joint damage, and its therapeutic effect is better than used separately. Furthermore, the curative effect is the best when the compatibility ratio of DGC and GRR reaches 3: 2. Reducing TNF-α and IL-1β contents in serum and the levels of VEGF and MIF in synovial membrane may be the mechanism of drug treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate in vitro anti-inflammatory effect of ethyl acetate extract from Daphnes Giraldii Cortex (EAEDGC) on RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with IFN-γ plus LPS and their mechanisms. Methods: IFN-γ plus LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage has been used as experimental inflammatory model. Griess reaction for nitric oxide (NO) production, FRAP assay for total anti-oxidant capacity, MTT assay for cell proliferation (availability), RT-PCR for mRNA expression and Western blotting for protein expression examination were performed. Results: EAEDGC could concentration-dependently inhibit NO production in stimulated macrophage. The gene and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were also suppressed by the herb extract. The treatment by EAEDGC significantly attenuated mRNA of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, while increased HO-1 expression. The herb element elevated anti-oxidant capacity of the cells. Furthermore, phosphorylation of ERK (p-ERK) was markedly inhibited by EAEDGC. Conclusion: EAEDGC exerts potential anti-inflammatory effects including the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and increasing HO-1 expression and total antioxidant capacity. EAEDGC could inhibit the NO production and iNOS expression, which may partially contribute to the regulation of ERK/MAPK pathway.