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Objective:To investigate the abnormal changes of the nodal centrality of the whole-brain network in patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) through the degree centrality (DC) technique of resting-state magnetic resonance and the predictive value for NT1.Methods:From September 2019 to November 2021, 18 NT1 patients who were first diagnosed and never accepted managements and 18 age-, sex-matched healthy controls recruited by advertisement in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were required for resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and clinical scale assessment, including Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale, Self-rating Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Scale and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 (MFI-20). The differences in DC values between the NT1 patients and healthy controls were analyzed using the DC method. Then, the correlation between DC values in differential brain regions and clinical characteristics of NT1 was explored through Pearson correlation analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of the DC values in the differential brain regions for NT1 patients.Results:Compared with the healthy controls, the DC value of the right superior temporal gyrus was increased, while the DC values of the bilateral middle frontal gyrus and the right precuneus were decreased in the NT1 patients (all P<0.05, Gaussian random-field correction). The DC value of the right superior temporal gyrus in the NT1 patients was positively correlated with the ESS score ( r=0.82, P<0.001) and MFI-20 score ( r=0.48, P=0.040). The DC value of the right middle frontal gyrus was positively correlated with the disease course ( r=0.51, P=0.032). The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of NT1 predicted by the DC value of the right superior temporal gyrus was 0.95. And the areas under the curve of non-NT1 predicted by the DC values of the left middle frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, and right precuneus were 0.86, 0.84 and 0.87, respectively. Conclusions:NT1 patients have abnormal resting-state DC in the default network, executive network core brain regions, and superior temporal gyrus. And the DC value in the right superior temporal gyrus may be a potential biomarker of NT1 patients.
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Subjective tinnitus refers to the subjective sound perception of patients in the absence of an external sound stimulus.Tinnitus patients are often accompanied by emotional disorders, such as depression and anxiety, which seriously affect the quality of life of patients.Therefore, understanding the mechanism underlying the occurrence of tinnitus emotional disorders can help relieve the pain of tinnitus.Tinnitus was considered a simple ear disease in the early stages, but with the progress of neuroimaging technology and the development of animal models, increasing attention has been given to the changes in the neural structure and function of tinnitus patients.As a powerful technique for in vivo investigation of neural activity in the brain, multimodal magnetic resonance has been widely used in the study of subjective tinnitus.By observing the changes of brain structure in subjective tinnitus patients, the neural mechanism of the occurrence and development of tinnitus has been explored.This article reviewed recent multimodal magnetic resonance imaging studies on the neuroimaging mechanisms of tinnitus with mood disorders, compared the differences in neural activity between subjective tinnitus patients and healthy people, and found that the limbic system, default mode network and other neural network abnormalities were closely related to the mood disorders of tinnitus.The application and development of multimodal magnetic resonance techniques in subjective tinnitus were also discussed to elucidate the neural mechanism of subjective tinnitus accompanied by mood disorders with the help of multimodal magnetic resonance techniques.
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Objective:To investigate the resting state functional connectivity changes of the " triple network model" composed of salient network (SN), executive control network (ECN) and default mode network (DMN) in patients with acute mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).Methods:From August 2020 to December 2021, forty-five acute mTBI patients (mTBI group) and 40 healthy controls (HC group) with matched sex, age, and education were included.The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scale was used to evaluate the cognitive status of all subjects.The resting state network (RNS) was established based on independent component analysis (ICA), and the SN, ECN and DMN were extracted, then functional network connectivity (FNC) was analyzed.Subsequently, the correlation between functional connectivity abnormalities and the performance of cognitive impairment was analyzed.SPSS 19.0 was used for statistical analysis and double sample t test was used for comparison between the tow groups. Results:Compared with HC group, mTBI group had enhanced functional connectivity between SN(L-insula) (MNI: x, y, z=-36, 15, 0, t=3.693)and ECN (left superior parietal gyrus, L-SPG) (MNI: x, y, z=-33, -69, 54, t=3.333)(FDR adjust, P<0.05), and decreased functional connectivity between DMN(left superior frontal gyrus, L-SFG) (MNI: x, y, z=-30, 30, 42, t=-4.063)and DMN(L-angular gyrus)(MNI: x, y, z=-21, -66, 33, t=-4.101)(FDR adjust, P<0.05). For FNC analysis, functional network connectivity in SN(IC26)-DMN(IC8) was enhanced in the acute mTBI group and decreased between SN(IC26)-DMN(IC12) and ECN(IC3)-DMN(IC12). The changes of left superior parietal gyrus functional connection were negatively correlated with MoCA score ( r=-0.627, P<0.01), and SN (IC26) -DMN(IC12) connection was positively correlated with MoCA score ( r=0.411, P=0.005). Conclusions:In patients with acute mTBI, the resting functional connectivity changes within and between the networks of the " triple network model" composed of SN, ECN and DMN, and is related to the decline of cognitive function.This will help to better understand the neuropathological mechanism of acute mTBI and post-traumatic cognitive impairment, and may become an effective imaging marker for identifying and predicting cognitive impairment after mTBI.
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Primary insomnia is one of the common sleep disorders. It is a type of insomnia with unknown causes， which is often accompanied by a variety of daytime dysfunction and sleep-wake disorders. Neuroimaging and neuroelectrophysiology studies suggest that there may be default mode network dysfunction in patients with primary insomnia， which is closely related to daytime dysfunction and sleep-wake disorder. This article summarizes the characteristics of default mode network dysfunction of primary insomnia and introduces related research in neural structural imaging， functional imaging and neuroelectrophysiology， as well as the role and the mechanism of default mode network impairment leading to daytime dysfunction and sleep-wake disorder of primary insomnia.
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El rol de la Red Neuronal por Defecto en la aparición del trastorno de déficit atencional ha recibido evidencia científica creciente en los últimos 20 años. Este artículo tuvo por objetivo sistematizar la evidencia empírica y cuantitativa disponible en investigaciones sobre el rol de la Red Neuronal por Defecto en la atención sostenida y déficits atencionales en niños y adolescentes de etapa escolar; se usó la metodología de revisión sistemática de la literatura científica disponible entre 2010 y 2020. Se seleccionó una muestra de 13 estudios. Los resultados evidenciaron que la atención sostenida es rítmica y fluctúa junto a la memoria de trabajo. En cuanto a los niños con déficit atencional, se reportan anomalías en la disponibilidad de dopamina, adelgazamientos de las aéreas de la corteza cerebral interconectadas con la Red Neuronal por Defecto, así como hipo e híper conectividad de los tractos de materia blanca asociados a esta red. Estos hallazgos interpretados en su conjunto aportan evidencia valiosa acerca del rol emergente de la Red Neuronal por Defecto en los procesos subyacentes de la atención sostenida y la aparición de déficits atencionales. Estos hallazgos sistematizados pueden tener implicancias profundas en la didáctica y el diseño instruccional debido a que se cuenta con evidencia suficiente y validada como para adaptar las tareas de aprendizaje a los ritmos de atención y descanso puesto que estos obedecen a limitaciones biológicas y no a prescripciones administrativas.
The role of the Default Neural Network in the emergence of attention deficit disorder has received increasing scientific evidence in the last 20 years. This article aimed to systematize the empirical and quantitative evidence available in research on the role of the Default Neural Network in sustained attention and attention deficits in school children and adolescents; The methodology of systematic review of the scientific literature available between 2010 and 2020 was used. A sample of 13 studies was selected. The results showed that sustained attention is rhythmic and fluctuates along with working memory. Regarding children with attention deficit, anomalies in the availability of dopamine, thinning of the areas of the cerebral cortex interconnected with the Neural Network by Default, as well as hypo and hyper connectivity of the white matter tracts associated with this network are reported. These findings, interpreted as a whole, provide valuable evidence about the emerging role of the Default Neural Network in the underlying processes of sustained attention and the appearance of attentional deficits. These systematized findings can have profound implications in didactics and instructional design, due to the fact that there is sufficient and validated evidence to adapt the learning tasks to the rhythms of attention and rest since these processes obbey biological limitations and not to administrative requirements.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the modulation of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on default mode network (DMN) in patients with primary insomnia (PI).@*METHODS@#A total of 22 PI patients (one patient dropped off and two patients were excluded) were included and treated with taVNS. The bilateral auricular points of Xin (CO15) and Shen (CO10) were selected and treated with disperse-dense wave at frequency of 4 Hz/20 Hz, the intensity was based on the patient's tolerance. taVNS was given once in the morning and once in the evening for 30 minutes each time. The treatment lasted for at least 5 days a week for 4 weeks. At the same time, 16 healthy subjects matched with gender and age were recruited. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score was evaluated before and after treatment in PI patients. The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data of PI patients before and after treatment and healthy subjects at baseline period were collected to observe the effect of taVNS on the functional connection (FC) between posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and whole brain.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the total score of PSQI in PI patients was lower than that before treatment (P<0.01). Compared with healthy subjects, the FC of the left PCC was increased either with the left orbital superior frontal gyrus or with left middle frontal gyrus (P<0.001), and the FC between right PCC and left middle frontal gyrus was increased in PI patients before treatment (P<0.001). Compared before treatment, the FC between left PCC and left middle frontal gyrus was decreased (P<0.05), and the FC of the right PCC was decreased either with the right medial prefrontal cortex or with the left middle frontal gyrus in PI patients after treatment (P<0.001, P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#taVNS can modulate the FC between anterior and posterior DMN, and between DMN and cognitive control network of PI patients, which may be one of the brain effect mechanisms of taVNS in the treatment of PI patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain/physiology , Default Mode Network , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/therapy , Vagus Nerve , Vagus Nerve Stimulation/methodsABSTRACT
The incidence of emotion disability-related diseases in adolescents is increasing year by year, causing great harm to their physical and mental health, even affecting them until adulthood. However, the mechanism of this has not been fully clarified. The default mode network is a brain network composed of brain regions that are still active in the resting state. DMN is a hot pot in the field of resting state brain function research, but few studies have focused on its pathological changes in the adolescents with emotion disability-related diseases. In recent years, a number of articles related to adolescent emotion disorders have provided clues for understanding the characteristics and potential mechanisms of adolescent emotion disorders from the perspective of imaging. This paper summarized the related research over the years and found that the occurrence of emotion disorders is closely related to the activation of the default mode network brain regions, cortical thickness, gray matter volume or density, and changes in functional connections between brain areas.Some changes in brain structure and function can be used as predictive factors. In this paper, by summarizing the changes in brain imaging of these emotion disorders, we hope to explore new neuroimaging landmark changes, which can provide theoretical basis for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of emotion disorders related diseases in adolescents.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of acupuncture on default mode network (DMN) in migraine patients without aura based on functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI).@*METHODS@#Fifteen patients with migraine were included and treated with acupuncture based on "root-knot" theory (Zuqiaoyin [GB 44] for @*RESULTS@#Compared before acupuncture, the functional connections of left parahippocampal cortex (PHC) and anterior medial prefrontal cortex (aMPFC), dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dMPFC) and lateral temporal cortex (LTC) in DMN after acupuncture were weakened (@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture shows good clinical efficacy for migraine without aura, and could adjust the functional connection of DMN.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture Therapy , Brain Mapping , Default Mode Network , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Migraine Disorders/therapy , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate regional homogeneity(ReHo)and whole brain functional connectivity(FC)in patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI), and to explore the mechanisms of MCI in the resting state.Methods:Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(RS-fMRI)was performed on 24 patients with MCI and 30 age, gender and nationality-matched normal controls.Abnormal brain areas in the MCI group were screened and analyzed by using the DPARSFA2.3 and SPM8 software programs.Whole brain FC analysis was performed with the posterior cingulate cortex(PCC)/precuneus as the seed points.Results:Compared with the control group, MCI subjects displayed higher ReHo values in the frontal-middle-Left, precentral-Left, postcentral-Left, rolandic-opercular-Left, and frontal-inferior-opercular-Left and lower ReHo values in the temporal-superior-right, temporal-middle-right, postcentral-right, and temporal -pole -superior -right(Voxel level, Alphasim correction, P<0.05). Whole brain FC analysis showed greater functional connectivity of PCC/precuneus with fusiform-right, thalamus-right, lingual-right and parahippocampal-right in subjects with MCI, and less functional connectivity of the PCC/precuneus with temporal-middle-Left, angular-Left, temporal-superior-Left and occipital-middle-Left in subjects with MCI(Voxel level, Alphasim correction, P<0.05). Conclusions:Abnormalities of the default mode network may be associated with the onset of MCI, and abnormalities in posterior cingulate/precuneus connectivity may be helpful in finding imaging evidence with high sensitivity to MCI.
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RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico, tipo caso-control, no pareado, para identificar los factores socio-ambientales de riesgo de malnutrición por defecto en niños menores de 5 años pertenecientes a los consultorios # 5 y 6, del Policlínico "13 de Marzo", Bayamo, Granma, durante Marzo de 2018 a Marzo de 2019. Universo: 148 niños de esos consultorios, con edades comprendidas entre 3 meses y 4 años, 11 meses y 29 días. Por muestreo aleatorio se seleccionaron 31 casos (desnutridos) y 93 controles (eutróficos), en proporción 1:3. Previo consentimiento, y a partir de revisión documental y entrevistas a madres, informantes claves de la comunidad y equipos de salud, se estudiaron variables maternas y familiares. Se calculó el odds ratio, con sus intervalos de confianza; se determinó chi cuadrado y la fracción atribuible en expuestos. Se trabajó con una confiabilidad de 95%. Resultados: Los hábitos dietéticos inadecuados, la deficiente cultura sanitaria, el bajo per cápita, la disfunción familiar, la desvinculación laboral, el inadecuado desempeño en el cuidado de los hijos, la familia no nuclear y la baja escolaridad, estuvieron significativamente asociados a la desnutrición infantil. Los cinco primeros fueron los factores que más aportaron a la aparición de desnutrición energo-nutrimental en la población investigada. Conclusiones: Los factores socio-ambientales de riesgo de malnutrición por defecto en los niños estudiados coincidieron, mayoritariamente, con la hipótesis enunciada y la bibliografía revisada.
ABSTRACT An analytical observational, case-control type study, not paired, was carried out to identify the socio-environmental risk factors for malnutrition due to defect in children under 5 years old, belonging to offices # 5 and 6, of the "13 de Marzo" Polyclinic, Bayamo, Granma, from March 2018 to March 2019. Universe: 148 children from these clinics, aged between 3 months and 4 years, 11 months and 29 days. 31 cases (malnourished) and 93 controls (eutrophic) were selected by random sampling, in a 1: 3 ratio. With prior consent, and based on a documentary review and interviews with mothers, key informants from the community and health teams, maternal and family variables were studied. Odds ratio was calculated, with its confidence intervals; chi square and the attributable fraction in exposed were determined. A 95% reliability was used. Results: Inadequate dietary habits, poor health culture, low per capita, family dysfunction, job separation, inadequate performance in childcare, the non-nuclear family and low schooling were significantly associated with malnutrition. childish. The first five were the factors that contributed most to the appearance of energy-nutritional malnutrition in the investigated population. Conclusions: The socio-environmental risk factors for malnutrition due to defect in the children studied largely coincided with the stated hypothesis and the revised bibliography.
RESUMO Foi realizado um estudo observacional analítico, do tipo caso-controle, não pareado, para identificar os fatores de risco socioambientais para desnutrição por defeito em crianças menores de 5 anos, pertencentes aos consultórios nº 5 e 6 da Policlínica "13 de Marzo" , Bayamo, Granma, de março de 2018 a março de 2019. Universo: 148 crianças dessas clínicas, com idades entre 3 meses e 4 anos, 11 meses e 29 dias. Foram selecionados 31 casos (desnutridos) e 93 controles (eutróficos) por amostragem aleatória, na proporção de 1: 3. Com consentimento prévio e com base em uma revisão documental e entrevistas com as mães, informantes-chave da comunidade e equipes de saúde, foram estudadas variáveis maternas e familiares. A razão de chances foi calculada, com seus intervalos de confiança; o quadrado do qui e a fração atribuível na exposição foram determinados. Foi utilizada uma confiabilidade de 95%. Resultados: hábitos alimentares inadequados, má cultura de saúde, baixa per capita, disfunção familiar, separação de trabalho, desempenho inadequado na assistência à infância, família não nuclear e baixa escolaridade foram significativamente associados à desnutrição. infantil. Os cinco primeiros foram os fatores que mais contribuíram para o aparecimento de desnutrição energético-nutricional na população investigada. Conclusões: Os fatores de risco socioambientais para desnutrição por defeito nas crianças estudadas coincidiram principalmente com a hipótese estabelecida e com a bibliografia revisada.
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Background: Tuberculosis is an old disease and has deep social impact on the society. It is a re-emergent killer disease with rise in MDR and XDR strains. DOTS strategy under RNTCP has had a substantial impact over the past two decades. Treatment compliance is one of the key factors determining success of TB control program. The objective of this study was to find out the compliance rate with DOTS and factors responsible for non-compliance in the district.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using structured questionnaire in a tuberculosis unit of Chandauli district, Uttar Pradesh. 100 tuberculosis patients aged ≥15 years registered for TB treatment were enrolled in the study.Results: Out of the 100 patients interviewed, majority of patients (95%) complied. The main reasons for non-compliance were improvement in symptoms after initial doses leading to discontinuation of therapy, and side effects of drugs. One of the defaulter migrated, so he could not be traced. Among factors influencing compliance to DOTS most important was strong monitoring.Conclusions: Health education and easy accessibility of healthcare services are required to further improve the compliance of TB treatment. Internet tools and social security schemes can play essential role in increasing awareness and strengthening the monitoring program
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Background: Immunization contributes significantly to the achievement of millennium development goal number 4 and is one of the eight elements of primary health care. Effective utilization of immunization services is associated with reduced infections in young children with immature immune system and improved child health outcome. The objectives of the study were to compare the default rates for vaccine doses in immunization schedule; to study the factors responsible for default; to describe the socio-demographic profile of study subjects.Methods: An observational study was conducted in the urban and rural Primary health centre on immunization days for 3 months. The study subjects were children aged (9-24) months attending immunization clinics. Their care givers were interviewed regarding socio-demographic profile and causes for default. Sample size calculated was 184 (92) each from urban and rural clinic).Results: Among 184 care givers interviewed, mean age of study subjects was 14.9±4.6 months in urban & 14.6±4.9 months in rural clinic. Default rates for vaccination were 5.4% (birth dose), 7.6% (6th wk.) both in urban & rural clinic. However, for further doses i.e., 10th week, 14th week, 9 months and 18 months the default rates were slightly higher in rural compared to urban clinic. Commonest reason for default was mother not aware that child had missed dose (urban 52.2% and rural 42.3%) followed by child being sick (urban 26.6% and rural 30.4%).Conclusions: The overall default rate was found to be very high which is a serious concern and need to be addressed in order to prevent eventual dropouts.
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Background & objectives: Survival in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in lower/middle income countries continues to lag behind outcomes seen in high-income countries. Socio-economic factors and distance of their residence from the hospital may contribute to this disparity. This study was aimed at identifying the impact of these factors on outcome in childhood ALL. Methods: In this retrospective study, file review of children with ALL was performed. Patients were treated with the modified United Kingdom (UK) ALL-2003 protocol. Details of socio-economic/demographic factors were noted from a web-based patients' database. Modified Kuppuswamy scale was used to classify socio-economic status. Results: A total of 308 patients with a median age of five years (range: 1-13 yr) were studied. Patients belonging to upper, middle and lower SE strata numbered 85 (28%), 68 (22%) and 155 (50%). Nearly one-third of the patients were underweight. There was no treatment abandonment among children whose mothers were graduates. Neutropenic deaths during maintenance therapy were lower in mothers who had passed high school. In patients who survived induction therapy, the five year event-free survival (EFS) of upper SE stratum was significantly better 78.7�9 vs. 59�2 and 58.1�6 per cent in middle and lower strata (P =0.026). Five year overall survival was higher in the higher SE group; being 91.2�5, 78.3�6 and 78.8�9 per cent (P =0.055) in the three strata. Survival was unaffected by a distance of residence from treating centre or rural/urban residence. High-risk and undernourished children had a greater hazard of mortality [1.80 (P =0.015); 1.98 (P =0.027)]. Interpretation & conclusions: Our findings showed that higher socio-economic status contributed to superior EFS in children with ALL who achieved remission. Undernutrition increased the risk of mortality.
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Objective To observe the change of functional connectivity(FC) between default mode network (DMN) and the other brain regions in patients with depression before and after magnetic seizure therapy(MST),and explore the role of DMN in therapeutic mechanism of MST.Methods Fifteen patients with depression who met the criteria of enrollment underwent rs-fMRI scanning before and after the MST treatmerts.As a very important region of DMN,the posterior cingulate cortex(PCC) was selected as the region of interest(ROI)to make the functional connectivity analysis with other brain regions,then the differences in FC before and after MST treatments were tested.The correlation of FC index changes with the score changes of HAMD-17 and five factors of HAMD-17 was analyzed after MST treatments.Results A comparison of the differences in DMN before and after treatments showed that the connection between left PCC and bilateral medial temporal lobe connectivity decreased significantly (left:MNI:x,y,z =-66,-39,-15,right:MNI:x,y,z =69,-30,-6) (P＜ 0.05).The connection between left PCC with left cerebellum (MNI:x,y,z =-33,-42,-42) and left occipital lobe(MNI:x,y,z=0,-84,24)significantly increased(P＜0.05).The changes of sleep factor of HAMD-17 were positively correlated with the functional connectivity changes of bilateral medial temporal lobe (left:r=0.670,P=0.006;right:r=0.570,P=0.026),but negatively correlated with the functional connectivity changes of the left cerebellum (r=-0.543,P=0.037).Conclusion MST can play an antidepressant role by regulating DMN functional connection of depressive patients and it may be a neuromodulation mechanism of MST in the treatment of depression.
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Objective@#To explore the characteristics of the default memory network (DMN) and working memory network (WMN) at resting state brain functional network of exercise addiction people.@*Methods@#Twenty-nine sports addicts and 26 non-sports addicts matched by sex, age, average education level and sports dependence were screened by the exercise addiction index (EAI). Resting status brain scanning was performed with 3.0T magnetic resonance scanner.Sparse approximation coefficients independent component analysis (SACICA) model was used to analyze the independent components of brain networks.@*Results@#Compared with the DMN template, four features were extracted, including " basic conformity" , " less frontal lobe" , " more frontal lobe" and " less occipitoparietal lobe" . Compared with the parameters of " basic conformity" , the proportion of exercise addiction group (33.3%, 9/27) was higher than that of control group (18.2%, 4/22). In the other three parameters, the proportion of exercise addiction group (37.0%, 10/27; 3.7%, 1/27; 22.2%, 6/27) was lower than those of control group (45.5%, 10/22; 22.7%, 5/22; 27.3%, 6/22). But Chi-square test showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups(all P>0.05). Compared with the WMN template, six features were extracted, including " basic conformity" , " more frontal and parietal lobes" , " more parietal lobes" , " more frontal lobes" , " less frontal lobes" and " less parietal lobes" . The percentages of the first three features in exercise addiction group (22.2%, 6/27; 7.4%, 2/27; 7.4%, 2/27) were less than those in the control group (45.5%, 10/22; 22.7%, 5/22; 9.1%, 2/22), while the percentages of the last three features in the exercise addiction group (7.4%, 2/27; 37.0%, 10/27; 14.8%, 4/27) were higher than those in the control group (4.5%, 1/22; 13.6%, 3/22; 0, 0). Chi-square test showed that there was no significant difference in all features between the two groups was statistically(P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#No significant characteristic changes are found in DMN and WMN networks of exercise addiction population.
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Mood disorders/psychosis have been associated with dysfunctions in the default mode network (DMN). However, the relative contributions of DMN regions to state and trait disturbances in pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms of PBD through brain imaging and explore the influence of psychotic symptoms on functional alterations in PBD patients. Twenty-nine psychotic and 26 non-psychotic PBD patients, as well as 19 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent a resting-state functional MRI scan and the data were analyzed by independent component analysis. The DMN component from the fMRI data was extracted for each participant. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed between aberrant connectivity and clinical measurements. The results demonstrated that psychotic PBD was characterized by aberrant DMN connectivity in the anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex, bilateral caudate nucleus, bilateral angular gyri, and left middle temporal gyrus, while non-psychotic PBD was not, suggesting further impairment with the development of psychosis. In summary, we demonstrated unique impairment in DMN functional connectivity in the psychotic PBD group. These specific neuroanatomical abnormalities may shed light on the underlying pathophysiology and presentation of PBD.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the immediate brain effect of auricular electroacupuncture (EA) in the treatment of primary insomnia (PI). METHODS: In this study, 15 subjects with PI who were diagnosed according to Pitsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and other 15 age- and gender-matched subjects without insomnia were recruited in the present study. The PI patients received EA (4 Hz/20 Hz, a tolerable electrical current strength) of auricular concha for 30 min, and their resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data before and after treatment were collected. The healthy subjects received no any treatment and their resting state fMRI data were collected. The diffe-rence of default mode network functional connectivity between the patients and healthy subjects, and changes of the patient's brain functional connectivity after EA treatment were estimated by using seed-point-based analysis (SPBA). RESULTS: Analysis by taking the posterior cingulate gyrus as the seed-point showed that compared with the healthy participants before treatment, the patient's brain functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate gyrus and the right insula, or the inferior frontal gyrus of the right opercularis region, or the right rolandic operculum was increased. After 30 minutes' EA treatment, the functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate gyrus and the precuneus, the left angular gyrus, the left frontal superior gyrus, the left frontal middle cortex, the right temporalis inferior gyrus, the right temporalis middle gyrus or the left medial orbitofrontal cortex was decreased, while the functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate gyrus and the right lingual gyrus, or the cortex surrounding the right calcarine fissure was increased. CONCLUSION: EA of auricular concha has an instant effect in modulating the brain default mode network in PI patients, which may be its brain mechanism underlying improvement of PI.
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OBJECTIVE: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that mainly leads to the impairment of patients’ motor function, as well as of cognition, as it progresses. This study tried to investigate the impact of PD on the resting state functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN), as well as of the entire brain. METHODS: Sixty patients with PD were included and compared to 60 matched normal control (NC) subjects. For the local connectivity analysis, the resting state fMRI data were analyzed by seed-based correlation analyses, and then a novel persistent homology analysis was implemented to examine the connectivity from a global perspective. RESULTS: The functional connectivity of the DMN was decreased in the PD group compared to the NC, with a stronger difference in the medial prefrontal cortex. Moreover, the results of the persistent homology analysis indicated that the PD group had a more locally connected and less globally connected network compared to the NC. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the DMN is altered in PD, and persistent homology analysis, as a useful measure of the topological characteristics of the networks from a broader perspective, was able to identify changes in the large-scale functional organization of the patients’ brain.
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Humans , Brain , Cognition , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neurodegenerative Diseases , Parkinson Disease , Prefrontal CortexABSTRACT
The default mode network (DMN) is associated with the occurrence of mind-wandering or task-unrelated thought. In contrast, the frontal-parietal network (FPN) and visual network (VS) are involved in tasks with external stimuli. However, it is not clear how these functional network interactions support these two different processes - mind-wandering and on-task - especially with regard to individual variation in the mind-wandering experience. In this study, we investigated the functional connectivity and modular structure among the DMN, FPN, and VS. Our results showed that, compared to the on-task period, mind-wandering was associated with increased DMN activity and increased DMN-VS connectivity. Moreover, mind-wandering was accompanied by a large number of transitional nodes, which expressed a diversity of brain regions. Intriguingly, the functional connectivity of the FPN and VS was strongly correlated with individual behavioral performance. Our findings highlight the individual variation of mind-wandering, which implies the importance of other complementary large-scale brain networks.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Attention , Physiology , Brain , Diagnostic Imaging , Physiology , Brain Mapping , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Intention , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Models, Neurological , Oxygen , BloodABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Autistic spectrum traits are postulated to lie on a continuum that extends between individuals with autism and individuals with typical development. The present study was carried out to investigate functional and network abnormalities associated with autistic spectrum trait in healthy male subjects. METHODS: Subjects were 41 healthy male subjects who underwent the social responsiveness scale-adult (SRS-A) and magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: There was significant positive correlation between the total score of SRS-A and the regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Also, there were changes in functional network such as in cingulate corti, insula and fusiform cortex. Further, we also found the significant difference of functional networks between the healthy male subjects with high or low autistic spectrum trait, and these points were congruent with the previous perceptions derived from autistic-spectrum disorders. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a biological basis for the autistic spectrum trait and may be useful for the imaging marker of autism symptomatology.