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Alkaloids were regarded as important biological activity constituent in medicinal Dendrobium Sw., being characteristic pharmacodynamic components in plants from Dendrobium Sw. A total of 52 constituents of alkaloids were found in plants of Dendrobium Sw. They could be divided into five types, according to different structures. They were sesquiterpenoid alkaloids, octahydroindolizine alkaloids, amides alkaloids, pyrrolidine alkaloids, and imidazole alkaloids etc. Sesquiterpenoid alkaloids could be divided into dendrobine type, dendroxine type, nobiline type, etc. Over 19 Dendrobium species contain alkaloids, and the main species included D. nobile, D. chrysanthum, D. crepidatum, D. findleyanum, D. signatum, D. friedericksianum, etc. This paper reviews the structural classification of alkaloids in Dendrobium, and the species which containing alkaloids and the influencing factors of alkaloids in Dendrobium Sw., in order to provide reference for the in-depth study and the development of alkaloids in plants from Dendrobium Sw.
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Objective: The RPLC-UV detection method of seven chemical components was established, and the difference of 21 species of Dendrobium were identified, with aim to provide reference for the quality control and resource development of Dendrobium. Methods: Agilent 1200 UPLC was performed on a XDB-C18 chromatographic column with the sample size of 5 μL, the flow phase was selected according to different chemical components, and SPSS20.0 software was used for principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Results: The composition and content of seven chemical compositions of 21 species of Dendrobium were significant. No erianin was detected in 10 kinds of species, and the content of erianin of D. chrysotoxum in the other 11 species was significantly higher than others, quercetin was undetected in 12 species, gallic acid was undetected in 11 species, vanillin was undetected in four species, naringenin was undetected in one specie, but syringic acid and coumarin were detected in all 21 species of Dendrobium. Among them, coumarin of D. heterocarpum was significantly higher than the others. According to the principal component analysis, 21 species of Dendrobium were scattered in 3D spatial distribution, and it could be grouped into six types at the distance of 5. Therefore, different Dendrobium had obvious differences in the composition and content of these seven chemical compositions, and different Dendrobium should be treated differently when using these seven components to characterize pharmacodynamic functions. Conclusion: The establishment of RPLC-UV method can provide reference for the quality control of Dendrobium and the development strategies of different germplasm resources.
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Objective To analyze the phylogenetic and mutation sites of IRa (trnV-GAC to trnR-ACG) sequence among 10 Dendrobium Sw. samples, to understand the similarities and differences of nine genes in this sequence, and to explore the system evolution and DNA barcode in species of Dendrobium Sw. Methods The improved kit method was used to extract total DNA and design primers, PCR method and T-vector cloning transformation were used to amplify the region of IRa and the sequences were obtained after the amplified fragment sequences were blasted in NCBI database and splicing. Genetic structures were drawn, and variable sites, genetic distance and phylogenetic relationship among 10 sequences were analyzed. Results The lengths of sequences were about 7 800 bp and 55 variable sites were found. The numbers of mutation points distributeed on trnV-GAC, rrn16, trnI-GAU, trnA-UGC, orf42, rrn23, and intergenic region were 1, 8, 12, 6, 1, 9, and 18, respectively. These 10 samples were clustered to four latitude-dependent groups based on IRa sequences. Conclusion A set of methods on sequence IRa is established. Phylogenetic and mutation point analysis indicate that there is a rich and relatively concentrated distribution variation loci among the research sequences. And it will provide a good theoretical basis on the further study of DNA barcodes, authentic assessment and identification of Dendrobium Sw. germplasm resources.
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Dendrobii Herba is a valuable medicinal plant in China, and is widely used in the daily health care and clinical treatment. In recent years, its tissue culture, cultivation, quality identification, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, etc have been studied at home and aboard, which provided the theoretical foundation for the application of Dendrobii Herba. This paper reviews the related literatures on the pharmacological activities of Dendrobii Herba for anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and lowering blood glucose and blood pressure.
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Through the investigation on Dendrobium Sw. resources of Chongqing, the species, distribution, ecological environment, and industry situations were basically clarified. The results showed that six counties including the Nanchuan district and Shizhu county had about 4 species, which mainly grew on trunks of forest plants such as Quercus phillyreoides, Ficus virens, walnut tree, and Fagus longipetiolata, as well as cliff valley. Its growth of the main conditions and illuminations has a great influence on ecological factors in Dendrobium Sw. stem growth. The cultivated variety of Dendrobium Sw. was a single. It was still in the early-stage trial of industry development.
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Objective: To design a pair of PCR primers that could identify Dendrobium chrysotoxum specifically, to optimize the system of PCR detection, and to establish a method to identify D. chrysotoxum rapidly and accurately. Methods: From GenBank database, rDNA 170 ITS sequences in the plants of Dendrobium Sw. were downloaded and compared with all sequences using MEGA 5.0; The variation sites were located, and a pair of specific primers in the non-conservative district were designed. PCR amplification was performed using the specific primers with 35 DNA templates in the plants of Dendrobium Sw., D. chrysotoxum was positive. Results: D. chrysotoxum could be specifically amplificated by specific primers when the annealing temperature was raised to 58 °C, while other plants of Dendrobium Sw. were shown as negative, and the sensitivity of the primer could reach 0.69 ng/μL. Conclusion: This study designs a method that could identify D. chrysotoxum specifically. Using this specific primer could identify D. chrysotoxum rapidly and accurately from the homologous species. This method is well-performed in specificity, and it is more simple, convenient, efficient, and accurate than other methods, such as morphological and microscopical identification, chromatograph, and spectral method.
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Objective Application of a new molecular marker to the identification of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) species. Methods Complete sequences of the mitochondrial nad 1 intron 2 for nine species of Dendrobium Sw. were amplified and determined. Results Seventeen variable sites were found in the aligned 872 bp of nad 1 intron 2 sequences. Eight of the nine Dendrobium species except D. loddigesii could be identified by the nad 1 intron 2 sequences. Conclusion The mitochondrial nad 1 intron 2 sequences could be used as a new molecular marker for the identification of Dendrobium species.
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Objective Genetic diversity and affinity relationships among 13 species of Dendrobium Sw.were analyzed,the result laid a solid foundation for the better use of this resources.Methods Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) technique was used to analyze genetic diversity,and the dendrogram was constructed by UPGMA.Results Ten RAPD primers were applied to do random amplification.A total of 188 DNA bands was detected,180 among which were polymorphic,the average rate of polymorphic bands was 95.74%.The result of cluster analysis by using UPGMA method showed that 13 genotypes could be classified into three types in genetic distance 0.63.This outcome was corresponding to the result by using traditional classification.Conclusion It is concluded that RAPD markers can be used on the studies of genetic relationships and classification of species of Dendrobium Sw.sensitively.
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Objective To observe the histological structure of plant roots of Dendrobium Sw. for assisting identification of crude drug Herba Dendrobii. Methods Morphological and histological studies were carried out on 11 medicinal plant roots in Dendrobium Sw. by microstructural observation. The 11 species were divided into three groups according to their stem morphology: a) pair fleshy-stem group, including D. chrysanthum, D. crepidatum, D. primulinum, D. hercoglossum, and D. crystallium; b) thick-and rigid-stem group, including D. fimbriatum and D. aurantiacum var. denneanum; c) node-or inter- node- bulgy-stem group, including D. findlayanum, D. gratiosissimum, D. pendulum, and D. wardianum. The surface descriptions of velamen were conducted for D. fimbriatum and D. aurantiacum var. denneanum which are similar in characters of cross section. Results There were differences in shape and layers of velamen cell, number of xylem bundles, maximum diameter of vessels, organization of pith, as well as the types, quantity, and size of crystals. D. fimbriatum could be distingushed from its adulterant species D. aurantiacum var. denneanum by the different surface structure of velamen cells. Conclusion The histological characters of the roots can be used for assisting identification of Herba Dendrobii.
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Objective To identify nine species of Dendrobium Sw. by inter-simple sequence repeats-polymerase chain reaction (ISSR-PCR) method and to investigate the difference among the species of Dendrobium Sw. at DNA molecular level. Methods Ten primers constituted by simple sequence repeats (SSR) were tested for PCR and sepharose electrophoresis of the nine species. Results Seven of the ten primers amplified polymorphic bands. The number of polymorphic band positions of each primer ranged from 7 to 14, and the size of fragments ranged from 220 to 1 260 bp. The amplification patterns of two primers, namely UBC-807 and UBC-864, were higher in terms of polymorphic and amplified band ratio. Each of them was able to distinguish all the examined species. Conclusion ISSR-PCR provides a quick, reliable molecular marker technique for identification of different species of Dendrobium Sw.
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Objective This study was carried out in order to analyze genetic diversity in plants of Dendrobium Sw. and compare the marker index (MI) between SRAP and RAPD markers. Methods Using 40 SRAP primer combinations and 36 RAPD primers,the genetic diversity of the materials in Dendrobium Sw. was amplified. Results A total of 1 977 loci were generated by 40 SRAP primer combinations,of which 90.2% was polymorphic and the genetic similarity (GS) ranged from 0.330 2 to 0.789 2. As for RAPD,281 bands were obtained,in which 87.1% was polymorphic,and the GS was from 0.494 2 to 0.773 1. There were some differences existing in the two cluster results revealed by SRAP and RAPD markers,they were as follows:compared to that of RAPD,the result of SRAP could more comfortably reflect the kinship and geographical origin,simultaneously conform to the traditional classification. For the experiment materials,SRAP (16.46) got an MI value 4.5 folds higher than that of RAPD (3.67),which meant SRAP markers were more effective in detecting genomic polymorphisms in the plants of Dendrobium Sw. Conclusion These results show that SRAP and RAPD could be applied to detecting genetic diversity analysis of plants in Dendrobium Sw. SRAP Also shows great superiority and advantage in this study.