ABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a indicação do uso das cerâmicas feldspáticas em dentes posteriores, pela técnica CAD/CAM (Computer-aided design [CAD] e computer-aided manufacturing [CAM]) chairside, em uma unidade de alta demanda, por meio de uma revisão de literatura. Uma pesquisa avançada foi realizada a partir da base de dados do PubMed, compreendendo os últimos 15 anos e utilizando os seguintes termos MeSH para pesquisa: "dental crowns", "CAD/CAM system", "porcelain" e "review". Dos 47 artigos levantados inicialmente, 30 foram selecionados para compor a amostra final. A partir do presente estudo foi possível concluir que o uso das cerâmicas feldspáticas desenvolvidas pela técnica CAD/CAM é seguro em dentes posteriores, desde que respeitada a técnica. Esta técnica constitui-se em excelente opção para tratamento odontológico em instituições de alta demanda restauradora que possuem altos níveis de exigência e prontidão, promovendo celeridade, evitando o uso de restaurações provisórias, reduzindo também a quantidade de urgências em próteses.
The present study aims to evaluate the indication of the use of feldspathic ceramics in posterior teeth, by the CAD/CAM technique (Computer-aided design [CAD] and computer-aided manufacturing [CAM]), in a public institution, through a literature review. An advanced search was carried out in the PubMed database, covering the last 15 years and using the following MeSH search terms: "dental crowns", "CAD/CAM system", "porcelain" and "review". Thirty out of the 47 articles initially surveyed were selected to compose the final sample. From the present study, it was possible to conclude that the use of feldspathic ceramics developed by the CAD/CAM technique is safe in posterior teeth, whether the technique is respected. This technique is an excellent option for dental treatment in institutions of high restorative demand that have high levels of demand and readiness, promoting celerity, avoiding the use of temporary restorations, also reducing the number of urgencies in prosthesis.
ABSTRACT
Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the biomechanical behavior of peri-implant bone tissue and prosthetic components in two modalities of treatment for posterior region of the maxilla, using short implants or standard-length implants associated with bone graft in the maxillary sinus. Four 3D models of a crown supported by an implant fixed in the posterior maxilla were constructed. The type of implant: short implant (S) or standard-length implant with the presence of sinus graft (L) and type of crown retention: cemented (C) or screwed (S) were the study factors. The models were divided into SC- cemented crown on a short implant; SS- screwed crown on the short implant; LC- cemented crown on a standard-length implant after bone graft in the maxillary sinus and LS- crown screwed on a standard-length implant after bone graft in the maxillary sinus. An axial occlusal loading of 300 N was applied, divided into five points (60N each) corresponding to occlusal contact. The following analysis criteria were observed: Shear Stress, Maximum and Minimum Main Stress for bone tissue and von Mises Stress for the implant and prosthetic components. The use of standard-length implants reduced the shear stress in the cortical bone by 35.75% and the medullary bone by 51% when compared to short implants. The length of the implant did not affect the stress concentration in the crown, and the cement layer acted by reducing the stresses in the ceramic veneer and framework by 42%. Standard-implants associated with cemented crowns showed better biomechanical behavior.
Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o comportamento biomecânico do tecido ósseo peri-implantar e dos componentes protéticos em duas modalidades de tratamento para região posterior da maxila, utilizando implantes curtos ou implantes de comprimento padrão associados a enxerto ósseo em seio maxilar. Foram construídos quatro modelos 3D de uma coroa suportada por um implante osseointegrado na região posterior da maxila. O tipo de implante: implante curto (S) ou implante de comprimento padrão com presença de enxerto sinusal (L) e tipo de retenção da restauração: cimentada (C) ou parafusada (S) foram os fatores de estudo. Foi aplicada uma força oclusal de 300N, dividida em cinco pontos (60 N cada) correspondentes ao contato oclusal de um primeiro molar superior. Foram observados os seguintes critérios de análise: tensão de cisalhamento, tensão principal máxima e mínima para o tecido ósseo e tensão de Von Mises para o implante e componentes protéticos. O uso de implantes de comprimento padrão reduziu a tensão de cisalhamento no osso cortical em 35,75% e no osso medular em 51% quando comparado aos implantes curtos. O comprimento do implante não afetou a concentração de tensão na restauração. A camada de cimento atuou reduzindo as tensões na cerâmica de cobertura e infraestrutura de cerâmica em 42%. Os implantes de tamanho padrão associados às coroas cimentadas apresentaram o melhor comportamento biomecânico.
Subject(s)
Dental Implants , Maxilla/surgery , Stress, Mechanical , Dental Prosthesis Design , Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported , Finite Element Analysis , Crowns , Dental Stress AnalysisABSTRACT
Abstract Polymer-based composite materials have been proposed as an alternative for single unit restorations, due to their resilient and shock absorbing behavior, in contrast to the brittleness of ceramic materials that could result in failure by fracture. Objective: To evaluate the fatigue strength and damage modes of monolithic posterior resin nanoceramic and lithium disilicate glass ceramic crowns. Methodology: Twenty-six resin nanoceramic (RNC) and lithium disilicate glass ceramic (LD) 2 mm monolithic crowns (n=13) were cemented on composite resin replicas of a prepared tooth and subjected to cyclic load with lithium disilicate indenters for 2 million cycles. Specimens and indenters were inspected every 500,000 cycles and suspended when presenting fractures or debonding. Surviving specimens were embedded in epoxy resin, polished and subsurface damage was analyzed. Specimens presenting fractures or severe subsurface damage were considered as failures. Survival data was subjected to Fisher's exact test; damage modes were subjected to Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05). Results: There were no debonding, cohesive or catastrophic failures. Considering subsurface damage, 53.8% of RNC and 46.2% of LD crowns survived the fatigue test, presenting no statistical difference. Chief damage modes were radial cracks for RNC and inner cone cracks for LD, presenting no statistical difference. Conclusions: The results suggest that if debonding issues can be resolved, resin nanoceramic figures can be an alternative to posterior crowns. Although distinct, damage modes revealed potential to cause bulk fracture in both glass ceramic and resin nanoceramic crowns.
Subject(s)
Humans , Ceramics/chemistry , Resin Cements/chemistry , Crowns , Dental Porcelain/chemistry , Surface Properties , Time Factors , Materials Testing , Reproducibility of Results , Dental Prosthesis Design , Computer-Aided Design , Statistics, Nonparametric , Dental Restoration Failure , Dental Restoration Wear , Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods , Dental Stress AnalysisABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective This study compared the marginal gap, internal fit, fracture strength, and mode of fracture of CAD/CAM provisional crowns with that of direct provisional crowns. Material and Methods An upper right first premolar phantom tooth was prepared for full ceramic crown following tooth preparation guidelines. The materials tested were: VITA CAD-Temp®, Polyetheretherketone “PEEK”, Telio CAD-Temp, and Protemp™4 (control group). The crowns were divided into four groups (n=10), Group1: VITA CAD-Temp®, Group 2: PEEK, Group 3: Telio CAD-Temp, and Group 4: Protemp™4. Each crown was investigated for marginal and internal fit, fracture strength, and mode of fracture. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism software version 6.0. Results The average marginal gap was: VITA CAD-Temp® 60.61 (±9.99) µm, PEEK 46.75 (±8.26) µm, Telio CAD-Temp 56.10 (±5.65) µm, and Protemp™4 193.07(±35.96) µm (P<0.001). The average internal fit was: VITA CAD-Temp® 124.94 (±22.96) µm, PEEK 113.14 (±23.55) µm, Telio CAD-Temp 110.95 (±11.64) µm, and Protemp™4 143.48(±26.74) µm. The average fracture strength was: VITA CAD-Temp® 361.01 (±21.61) N, PEEK 802.23 (±111.29) N, Telio CAD-Temp 719.24 (±95.17) N, and Protemp™4 416.40 (±69.14) N. One-way ANOVA test showed a statistically significant difference for marginal gap, internal gap, and fracture strength between all groups (p<0.001). However, the mode of fracture showed no differences between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusions CAD/CAM fabricated provisional crowns demonstrated superior fit and better strength than direct provisional crowns.
Subject(s)
Polyethylene Glycols , Acrylic Resins , Dental Prosthesis Design/methods , Computer-Aided Design , Dental Marginal Adaptation , Composite Resins , Crowns , Ketones , Reference Values , Tooth Fractures , Materials Testing , Reproducibility of Results , Analysis of Variance , Statistics, Nonparametric , Dental Restoration FailureABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective The corrosion behavior of zirconia in acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) representing acidic environments and fluoride treatments was studied. Material and Methods Zirconia rods were immersed in 1.23% and 0.123% APF solutions and maintained at 37°C for determined periods of time. Surfaces of all specimens were imaged using digital microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sample mass and dimensions were measured for mass loss determination. Samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) to detect changes in crystallinity. A biosensor based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to detect ion dissolution of material into the immersion media. Results Digital microscopy revealed diminishing luster of the materials and SEM showed increased superficial corrosion of zirconia submerged in 1.23% APF. Although no structural change was found, the absorption of salts (sodium phosphate) onto the surface of the materials bathed in 0.123% APF was significant. EIS indicated a greater change of impedance for the immersion solutions with increasing bathing time. Conclusion Immersion of zirconia in APF solutions showed deterioration limited to the surface, not extending to the bulk of the material. Inferences on zirconia performance in acidic oral environment can be elucidated from the study.
Subject(s)
Zirconium/chemistry , Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride/chemistry , Surface Properties/drug effects , Time Factors , X-Ray Diffraction/methods , Materials Testing , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Dental Implants , Ceramics/chemistry , Corrosion , Dielectric Spectroscopy/methods , ImmersionABSTRACT
Fraturas completas ou por delaminação são causas frequentes de insucesso entre coroas unitárias cerâmicas. O uso de materiais à base de resina composta, em contraponto à natureza friável das cerâmicas, parece ser uma alternativa para coroas posteriores, uma vez que apresentam processo de fabricação e reparo simplificados. Este estudo avalia a resistência à fadiga de coroas unitárias monolíticas CAD/CAM de resina composta nanocerâmica e cerâmica reforçada por dissilicato de lítio, bem como os danos causados pela aplicação de carga cíclica. Vinte e seis coroas monolíticas (n=13) foram cimentadas sobre réplicas de resina composta de um molar preparado e submetidas à ciclagem mecânica durante 2 milhões de ciclos, sob carga máxima de 350N à frequência de 2 Hz. Não foram observadas fraturas catastróficas ou fratura coesiva das coroas, resultando em sobrevivência de 100% para os dois materiais avaliados. As coroas foram incluídas em resina epóxi e desgastadas progressivamente à procura de danos. Coroas em resina nanocerâmica apresentaram-se íntegras, com trincas do cone externo, trincas do cone interno e com trincas radiais. As coroas em dissilicato de lítio apresentaram trincas do cone externo e interno, algumas atingindo a superfície interna. Os danos receberam escores de acordo com a severidade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística pelo teste de Mann-Whitney (p =0,462), que não revelou diferenças estatísticas em relação aos danos observados. Concluímos que coroas monolíticas em dissilicato de lítio e resina nanocerâmica podem ser utilizadas na região posterior, pois apresentaram resistência à fadiga equivalente, sem diferença estatística entre os danos apresentados.(AU)
Bulk fractures or cohesive fractures are frequent complications for ceramic crowns. The use of resin- based materials, in contrast to the brittle nature of ceramics, seems to be an alternative to posterior crowns, since these materials present simplified manufacturing and repair tehniques. This study evaluates the fatigue resistance of monolithic CAD / CAM crowns made of resin nanoceramic and lithium disilicate reinforced ceramic, as well as the damage modes caused by the application of cyclic loading. Twenty-six monolithic crowns (n = 13) were cemented to a composite resin replica of a prepared molar and subjected to cyclic load over 2 million cycles under maximum load of 350N, at a frequency of 2 Hz. The crowns presented no catastrophic failures or cohesive fractures, resulting in survival of 100% for both materials. The crowns were embedded in epoxy resin and gradually grinded for damage analisys. Nanoceramic resin crowns presented no damage, outer cone cracks, inner cone cracks and radial cracks. Lithium disilicate crowns showed outer and inner cone cracks, some of the latter reaching the inner surface. Specimens were scored according to the severity of damage. Data was subjected to Mann-Whitney test (p = 0.462), which revealed no statistical difference. We conclude that lithium disilicate and resin nanoceramic monolithic crowns can be used in the posterior area, since they presented comparable fatigue resistance, with no statistical difference between damage modes.(AU)
Subject(s)
Composite Resins/chemistry , Computer-Aided Design , Crowns/standards , Dental Porcelain/chemistry , Tooth Fractures , Dental Restoration Failure , Materials Testing , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Statistics, Nonparametric , Stress, MechanicalABSTRACT
A longevidade das coroas cerâmicas depende, entre outros fatores, de sua adaptação ao pilar, bem como da distribuição das tensões nas mesmas. Não há um consenso sobre a melhor adaptação dos copings de zircônia feitos em CAD/CAM em relação aos métodos convencionais, podendo haver uma influência da contração de sinterização sobre esta. O presente estudo avaliou as alterações dimensionais decorrentes do processo de sinterização em três diferentes marcas comerciais de blocos de zircônia, relacionando-as com a adaptação de copings confeccionados por um sistema CAD/CAM, além de avaliar como a adaptação de tais copings poderia impactar na distribuição de tensões em coroas cerâmicas bi-camadas com estrutura de zircônia. A contração de sinterização das três marcas comerciais de zircônia foi obtida experimentalmente a partir da mensuração de espécimes geométricos. Trinta e seis copings de zircônia confeccionados por CAD/CAM foram divididos em três grupos (n=12): ZMAX a partir de blocos de IPS E.max ZirCad (Ivoclar Vivadent; Liechtenstein); ZYZ blocos de InCeram YZ (Vita Zahnfabrik; Alemanha) e; ZMC zircônia de manufatura controlada (Zirklein/Biodinâmica; Brasil). Os copings foram escaneados em micro-CT antes a após a sinterização para que as alterações dimensionais decorrentes do processo de sinterização fossem obtidas a partir da mensuração de cortes específicos. Os dados das alterações dimensionais obtidos para os espécimes geométricos e para os copings foram confrontados com as taxas de contração de sinterização informadas pelos fabricantes dos blocos de zircônia. Os copings sinterizados foram assentados sobre um pilar de zircônia e levados ao micro-CT para averiguação da adaptação interna e marginal dos mesmos. As mensurações foram realizadas pelo software ImageJ em 33 pontos diferentes. Os dados da adaptação possibilitaram a comparação estatística (p0,05) entre marcas comerciais e locais de mensuração, bem como a comparação entre a adaptação...
The longevity of ceramic crowns depends, among other factors, on its fit and the stress distribution. There is no consensus regarding the better fitting of zirconia CAD/CAM made crowns over conventional methods and may be an influence of zirconia sintering shrinkage on the abutment/coping spacing. This study aimed at evaluating the dimensional changes from sintering process of three zirconia blocks trademarks, relating them to the fit of CAD / CAM made zirconia copings, and to evaluate how the fit of such copings could impact on the stress distribution in bilayered Y-TZP based ceramic crowns. The sintering shrinkage of the three trademarks of zirconia was obtained experimentally from the measurement of geometric specimens. Thirty-six zirconia copings made by CAD / CAM were equally divided into three groups (n = 12): ZMAX - from blocks of IPS e.max ZirCAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein); ZYZ - InCeram YZ blocks (Vita Zahnfabrik, Germany) and; ZMC - controlled manufacturing zirconia (Zirklein/Biodinamica, Brazil). The copings were scanned in micro-CT before and after the sintering so that dimensional changes from the sintering process were obtained from measurements taken from specific slices. Data from dimensional changes obtained for the geometric specimens and for the copings were faced with the sintering shrinkage rates reported by the manufacturers of zirconia blanks. The sintered copings were settled on a zirconia abutment and taken to the micro-CT scanner to evaluate its marginal and internal fit. Thirty three different points were measured using the Image J software. The data enabled the statistical comparison (p 0,05) between trademarks and measurement sites, as well as the comparison between the fit obtained experimentally with that stipulated by the CAD / CAM software. The micro-CT images of copings with smaller and larger cement space were used to build finite element models to evaluate stress distribution as a function of the abutment...
Subject(s)
Computer-Aided Design , Crowns , Ceramics/chemistry , Dental Prosthesis Design/methods , Zirconium/chemistry , Analysis of Variance , Dental Marginal Adaptation , Hot Temperature , Materials Testing , Reference Values , Tensile Strength , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
A longevidade das coroas cerâmicas depende, entre outros fatores, de sua adaptação ao pilar, bem como da distribuição das tensões nas mesmas. Não há um consenso sobre a melhor adaptação dos copings de zircônia feitos em CAD/CAM em relação aos métodos convencionais, podendo haver uma influência da contração de sinterização sobre esta. O presente estudo avaliou as alterações dimensionais decorrentes do processo de sinterização em três diferentes marcas comerciais de blocos de zircônia, relacionando-as com a adaptação de copings confeccionados por um sistema CAD/CAM, além de avaliar como a adaptação de tais copings poderia impactar na distribuição de tensões em coroas cerâmicas bi-camadas com estrutura de zircônia. A contração de sinterização das três marcas comerciais de zircônia foi obtida experimentalmente a partir da mensuração de espécimes geométricos. Trinta e seis copings de zircônia confeccionados por CAD/CAM foram divididos em três grupos (n=12): ZMAX a partir de blocos de IPS E.max ZirCad (Ivoclar Vivadent; Liechtenstein); ZYZ blocos de InCeram YZ (Vita Zahnfabrik; Alemanha) e; ZMC zircônia de manufatura controlada (Zirklein/Biodinâmica; Brasil). Os copings foram escaneados em micro-CT antes a após a sinterização para que as alterações dimensionais decorrentes do processo de sinterização fossem obtidas a partir da mensuração de cortes específicos. Os dados das alterações dimensionais obtidos para os espécimes geométricos e para os copings foram confrontados com as taxas de contração de sinterização informadas pelos fabricantes dos blocos de zircônia. Os copings sinterizados foram assentados sobre um pilar de zircônia e levados ao micro-CT para averiguação da adaptação interna e marginal dos mesmos. As mensurações foram realizadas pelo software ImageJ em 33 pontos diferentes. Os dados da adaptação possibilitaram a comparação estatística (p0,05) entre marcas comerciais e locais de mensuração, bem como a comparação entre a adaptação...
The longevity of ceramic crowns depends, among other factors, on its fit and the stress distribution. There is no consensus regarding the better fitting of zirconia CAD/CAM made crowns over conventional methods and may be an influence of zirconia sintering shrinkage on the abutment/coping spacing. This study aimed at evaluating the dimensional changes from sintering process of three zirconia blocks trademarks, relating them to the fit of CAD / CAM made zirconia copings, and to evaluate how the fit of such copings could impact on the stress distribution in bilayered Y-TZP based ceramic crowns. The sintering shrinkage of the three trademarks of zirconia was obtained experimentally from the measurement of geometric specimens. Thirty-six zirconia copings made by CAD / CAM were equally divided into three groups (n = 12): ZMAX - from blocks of IPS e.max ZirCAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein); ZYZ - InCeram YZ blocks (Vita Zahnfabrik, Germany) and; ZMC - controlled manufacturing zirconia (Zirklein/Biodinamica, Brazil). The copings were scanned in micro-CT before and after the sintering so that dimensional changes from the sintering process were obtained from measurements taken from specific slices. Data from dimensional changes obtained for the geometric specimens and for the copings were faced with the sintering shrinkage rates reported by the manufacturers of zirconia blanks. The sintered copings were settled on a zirconia abutment and taken to the micro-CT scanner to evaluate its marginal and internal fit. Thirty three different points were measured using the Image J software. The data enabled the statistical comparison (p 0,05) between trademarks and measurement sites, as well as the comparison between the fit obtained experimentally with that stipulated by the CAD / CAM software. The micro-CT images of copings with smaller and larger cement space were used to build finite element models to evaluate stress distribution as a function of the abutment...
Subject(s)
Humans , Computer-Aided Design , Crowns , Ceramics/chemistry , Dental Prosthesis Design/methods , Zirconium/chemistry , Analysis of Variance , Dental Marginal Adaptation , Hot Temperature , Materials Testing , Reference Values , Tensile Strength , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Los requerimientos esteticos en la odontología actual son bastante altos por parte de nuestros pacientes y los profesionales deben estar capacitados para ofrecer las mejores alternativas técnicas y procedimentales. Además el profesional debe de estar preparado en las diferentes áreas de la odontología para así identificar los procedimientos más adecuados a realizar. El objetivo de éste trabajo enfocó el manejo multidisciplinario en la rehabilitación del sector anterosuperior con la participación de las especialidades de endodoncia, periodoncia y rehabilitación oral. Los resultados obtenidos fueron satisfactorios para el paciente ya que se logró rehabilitar adecuadamente las piezas dentales involucradas desde un punto de vista estético y funcional. Concluimos que en la odontología actual en donde la estética prima en nuestros tratamientos el profesional debe de estar capacitado para poder saber elegír los materiales más adecuados para sus tratamientos sin descuidar los aspectos funcionales.
The current dental aesthetic requirements are quite high by our patients and professionals must be able to offer the best technical and procedural alternatives. Also the professional must be prepared in different areas of dentistry to thus identify the most appropriate procedures to carry out. The aim of this work focused on the multidisciplinary handling in the rehabilitation of the anterosuperior sector with the participation of the specialties of Endodontics, Periodontics and oral rehabilitation. The results obtained were satisfactory for the patient since it managed to properly rehabilitate the teeth involved from an aesthetic and functional point of view. We conclude that current dentistry where aesthetic prevails in our treatments professional must be able to to know how to choose the most appropriate materials for their treatments without neglecting functional aspects.
Subject(s)
Female , Young Adult , Ceramics , Crowns , Esthetics, Dental , Gingivoplasty , Medical Illustration , Mouth RehabilitationABSTRACT
A incompatibilidade entre o módulo de elasticidade (E) do endentador e dos materiais cerâmicos durante os testes de fadiga tem gerado controvérsias. Foram testadas as hipóteses que coroas totalmente cerâmicas apresentarão confiabilidade à fadiga acelerada progressiva do tipo step-stress (hipótese 1) e modos de falha (hipótese 2) similares, quando dois endentadores, um à base de carboneto de tungstênio (WC, E = 600 GPa) e outro de cerâmica esteatite [SB, E = 90 GPa] forem utilizados para transferir a carga. Para avaliar o efeito dos endentadores, um preparo para coroa total em um molar inferior foi realizado. A partir deste modelo mestre, 42 coroas à base de Y-TZP e 42 réplicas em resina composta foram produzidas. As réplicas em resina foram envelhecidas por 30 dias. Todas as coroas foram cimentadas sobre estas réplicas com cimento autoadesivo (Rely X Unicem - 3M/ESPE, St. Paul, EUA) e divididas em dois grupos de acordo com o endentador (WC ou SB). As coroas foram submetidas tanto ao teste de resistência à fratura (n = 3 por grupo), empregado para determinar os perfis de carga (leve, moderado e agressivo) quanto à fadiga (n = 18 por grupo), utilizando um endentador novo para cada coroa. Impressões de todas as coroas e endentadores submetidos ao perfil leve foram obtidas, em pontos específicos do perfil (0, 40k, e, 80k 120k, 160k), vazadas com resina epóxi e avaliadas sob MEV, com a finalidade de inspecionar a morfologia e medir a área endentada. O Use level Probability mostrou sobreposição entre os intervalos de confiança, indicando que não houve diferença significante entre os grupos, independente do critério de falha. O módulo de Weibull Beta (β) calculado para IA (análise inicial) foi de 1,99 e 1,67 para SB e WC, respectivamente, apontando que a fadiga acelerou o fracasso em ambos os grupos. Este não foi o caso para os valores de β para a análise de FA (análise final) (SB = 1,1 e WC = 0,72), revelando que a carga pode ter influenciado sozinha o mecanismo de...
Concerns about elastic modulus (E) mismatch between indenter and ceramic materials during fatigue testing have generated controversy. We hypothesized that all-ceramic crowns will exhibit similar step-stress sliding contact fatigue reliability (hypothesis 1) and failure characteristics (hypothesis 2) when using high stiffness tungsten carbide (WC, E = 600 GPa) vs enamel like steatite (SB, E = 90 GPa) indenters. To evaluate the effect of indenters, a preparation for a full crown was made on a first lower molar. From this master die 42 Y-TZPveneered all-ceramic crowns and 42 tooth-resin réplicas were made. Crowns were cemented onto the aged (30 days) tooth-resin réplicas with self-adhesive resin-based cement (Rely X UniCem - 3M/ESPE, St. Paul, USA). After, crowns were divided into two groups according to indenter (WC or SB). Specimens were subject to single-load to fracture (n = 3 per indenter type) to determine the step-stress profiles (mild, moderate, and aggressive) and to mouthmotion step-stress fatigue-tested (n = 18 per indenter type). Two failure modes were determined (inital analysis [IA] and final analysis [FA]). For each crown, a new indenter was used and labelled accordingly for surface damage evaluation. Impressions from all crowns subjected to mild profile were taken following a pre-arranged number of cycles (0, 40k, 80k, 120k e, 160k), poured with epoxy resin and SEM evaluated to inspect the morphology and to measure the indented area. The use level probability plots of the fatigue data showed overlap between the 2-sided 90% confidence bounds. The calculated Weibull Beta (β) for IA was 1.99 and 1.67 for SB and WC, respectively, pointing out that fatigue accelerated the failure in both groups. This was not the case for the β values for the FA analysis (SB = 1.1 and WC = 0.72), revealing tha the load alone dicted the failure mechanism. Both indenters produced similar pattern of wear on crown surfaces. Fractographic landmarks...
Subject(s)
Crowns , Ceramics/chemistry , Dental Restoration Failure , Zirconium/chemistry , Materials Testing , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Reproducibility of Results , Surface Properties , Tensile Strength , Time FactorsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate various core designs on stress distribution within zirconia crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three-dimensional finite element models, representing mandibular molars, comprising a prepared tooth, cement layer, zirconia core, and veneer porcelain were designed by computer software. The shoulder (1 mm in width) variations in core were incremental increases of 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm in proximal and lingual height, and buccal height respectively. To simulate masticatory force, loads of 280 N were applied from three directions (vertical, at a 45degrees angle, and horizontal). To simulate maximum bite force, a load of 700 N was applied vertically to the crowns. Maximum principal stress (MPS) was determined for each model, loading condition, and position. RESULTS: In the maximum bite force simulation test, the MPSs on all crowns observed around the shoulder region and loading points. The compressive stresses were located in the shoulder region of the veneer-zirconia interface and at the occlusal region. In the test simulating masticatory force, the MPS was concentrated around the loading points, and the compressive stresses were located at the 3 mm height lingual shoulder region, when the load was applied horizontally. MPS increased in the shoulder region as the shoulder height increased. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that reinforced shoulder play an essential role in the success of the zirconia restoration, and veneer fracture due to occlusal loading can be prevented by proper core design, such as shoulder.
Subject(s)
Bite Force , Crowns , Dental Porcelain , Dental Prosthesis Design , Dental Stress Analysis , Finite Element Analysis , Molar , Shoulder , Software , Tooth , ZirconiumABSTRACT
A incompatibilidade entre o módulo de elasticidade (E) do endentador e dos materiais cerâmicos durante os testes de fadiga tem gerado controvérsias. Foram testadas as hipóteses que coroas totalmente cerâmicas apresentarão confiabilidade à fadiga acelerada progressiva do tipo step-stress (hipótese 1) e modos de falha (hipótese 2) similares, quando dois endentadores, um à base de carboneto de tungstênio (WC, E = 600 GPa) e outro de cerâmica esteatite [SB, E = 90 GPa] forem utilizados para transferir a carga. Para avaliar o efeito dos endentadores, um preparo para coroa total em um molar inferior foi realizado. A partir deste modelo mestre, 42 coroas à base de Y-TZP e 42 réplicas em resina composta foram produzidas. As réplicas em resina foram envelhecidas por 30 dias. Todas as coroas foram cimentadas sobre estas réplicas com cimento autoadesivo (Rely X Unicem - 3M/ESPE, St. Paul, EUA) e divididas em dois grupos de acordo com o endentador (WC ou SB). As coroas foram submetidas tanto ao teste de resistência à fratura (n = 3 por grupo), empregado para determinar os perfis de carga (leve, moderado e agressivo) quanto à fadiga (n = 18 por grupo), utilizando um endentador novo para cada coroa. Impressões de todas as coroas e endentadores submetidos ao perfil leve foram obtidas, em pontos específicos do perfil (0, 40k, e, 80k 120k, 160k), vazadas com resina epóxi e avaliadas sob MEV, com a finalidade de inspecionar a morfologia e medir a área endentada. O Use level Probability mostrou sobreposição entre os intervalos de confiança, indicando que não houve diferença significante entre os grupos, independente do critério de falha. O módulo de Weibull Beta (β) calculado para IA (análise inicial) foi de 1,99 e 1,67 para SB e WC, respectivamente, apontando que a fadiga acelerou o fracasso em ambos os grupos. Este não foi o caso para os valores de β para a análise de FA (análise final) (SB = 1,1 e WC = 0,72), revelando que a carga pode ter influenciado sozinha o mecanismo de...
Concerns about elastic modulus (E) mismatch between indenter and ceramic materials during fatigue testing have generated controversy. We hypothesized that all-ceramic crowns will exhibit similar step-stress sliding contact fatigue reliability (hypothesis 1) and failure characteristics (hypothesis 2) when using high stiffness tungsten carbide (WC, E = 600 GPa) vs enamel like steatite (SB, E = 90 GPa) indenters. To evaluate the effect of indenters, a preparation for a full crown was made on a first lower molar. From this master die 42 Y-TZPveneered all-ceramic crowns and 42 tooth-resin réplicas were made. Crowns were cemented onto the aged (30 days) tooth-resin réplicas with self-adhesive resin-based cement (Rely X UniCem - 3M/ESPE, St. Paul, USA). After, crowns were divided into two groups according to indenter (WC or SB). Specimens were subject to single-load to fracture (n = 3 per indenter type) to determine the step-stress profiles (mild, moderate, and aggressive) and to mouthmotion step-stress fatigue-tested (n = 18 per indenter type). Two failure modes were determined (inital analysis [IA] and final analysis [FA]). For each crown, a new indenter was used and labelled accordingly for surface damage evaluation. Impressions from all crowns subjected to mild profile were taken following a pre-arranged number of cycles (0, 40k, 80k, 120k e, 160k), poured with epoxy resin and SEM evaluated to inspect the morphology and to measure the indented area. The use level probability plots of the fatigue data showed overlap between the 2-sided 90% confidence bounds. The calculated Weibull Beta (β) for IA was 1.99 and 1.67 for SB and WC, respectively, pointing out that fatigue accelerated the failure in both groups. This was not the case for the β values for the FA analysis (SB = 1.1 and WC = 0.72), revealing tha the load alone dicted the failure mechanism. Both indenters produced similar pattern of wear on crown surfaces. Fractographic landmarks...
Subject(s)
Crowns , Ceramics/chemistry , Dental Restoration Failure , Zirconium/chemistry , Materials Testing , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Reproducibility of Results , Surface Properties , Tensile Strength , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed at evaluating the micro-hardness of an acrylic resin used for provisional crowns. Materials and methods: Five different processing techniques (direct and indirect) were assessed: (I) auto polymerizing resin in sandy stage; (II) auto polymerizing resin in plastic stage; (III) bead-brush technique; (IV) auto polymerizing resin under pressure; (V) heatcured acrylic resin under pressure. Five specimens were made for each test group. For the initial micro-hardness test, the specimens were immersed in deionized water for 48 hours. For the analysis of the final micro-hardness, the specimens were subjected to pH-cycling to simulate the changes in the pH level which occur in the oral cavity. Results: Tests revealed that the micro-hardness was decreased after the pH-cycling. However, no statistical difference was found among the different types of acrylic resin polymerization techniques. Conclusion: It was concluded that the micro-hardness is not directly related to the polymerization technique for making provisional
Objetivo: Avaliou-se a dureza superficial de uma resina acrílica (PMMA) utilizada para a confecção de coroas provisórias. Material e Métodos: Cinco diferentes técnicas de processamento (Direta e Indireta) para polimerização da resina foram testadas: I - autopolimerização após mistura (pó + líquido) em pote dappen e inserção em matriz de silicona na fase arenosa; II - autopolimerização após mistura em pote dappen com inserção em matriz de silicona na fase plástica; III - autopolimerização utilizando a técnica do pincel; IV - autopolimerização sob pressão em matriz de silicona; V - polimerização térmica utilizando líquido de polimerização rápida em mufla. Foram confeccionados cinco corpos-de-prova para cada grupo. Para o teste de microdureza inicial os espécimes foram imersos em água deionizada por 48 horas. Para a análise da dureza final, os espécimes foram submetidos a ciclos dinâmicos de pH, para simular a variação de pH ocorrida na cavidade oral. Resultados: Os testes revelaram que houve diminuição da dureza do material após a ciclagem ácida, porém não foi verificada diferença estatística entre os diferentes tipos de processamento da resina acrílica. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a microdureza não está relacionada diretamente com a técnica de confecção dos provisórios.
Subject(s)
Acrylic Resins , Crowns , Dental Prosthesis , Denture, Partial, TemporaryABSTRACT
Introdução A procura por tratamentos estéticos tem aumentadograças à conscientização da sociedade sobre a importância da saúdee da estética dental. Nos dias de hoje, tem havido um substancialdesenvolvimento dos sistemas cerâmicos, tornando-os confiáveise com resultados previsíveis. As cerâmicas dentárias, além dequimicamente estáveis, apresentam propriedades ópticas excelentesquando comparadas às estruturas dentárias, o que lhes garante umposto especial no rol dos materiais restauradores estéticos. Objetivo,relato de caso e conclusão: Descrever um caso clínico com sucessoenvolvendo a estética de dentes anteriores, restaurados com coroaspuras de cerâmica (IPS e.max® Ivoclar Vivadent).
Introduction: Society?s change of parameters for health and aestheticshas resulted in an increased demand for dental treatments. Nowadays,ceramics systems have shown a substantial development, becoming more reliable and predictable. Dental ceramics, besides being chemicallystable, present excellent optical properties when compared to dentalstructures, thus assuring a special position in the list of aestheticrestorative materials. Objective, case report and conclusion: Thisarticle describes a successful clinical procedure involving the anteriorteeth aesthetics, which were restored with all-ceramic crowns (IPSe.max® Ivoclar Vivadent).
ABSTRACT
A evolução constante das técnicas operatórias e dos materiais restauradores tem permitido avanços impressionantes nas reconstruções dentárias, permitindo que dentes tratados endodonticamente com amplas destruições coronárias seja reconstruídos em sessão única. A aplicabilidade clínica das resinas compostas, principalmente em dentes posteriores, vem sendo bastante aceitada pelos profissionais e pacientes devido à questão estética e à resistência que os materiais resinosos desenvolveram nesses últimos 20 anos. Já para os profissionais, seguir o correto protocolo clínico é fundamental para aperfeiçoar a estética e a longevidade da restauração. Este trabalho tem como objetivo, através do relato de casos clínicos, descrever técnicas para restauração de dentes anteriores e posteriores amplamente destruídos utilizando resinas compostas na confecção de coroas totais diretas associadas a pinos de fibra de vidro pré-fabricados. Os casos aqui relatados constituem-se num procedimento alternativo, de baixo custo, e rápida elaboração, que conseguiu suprir as necessidades do paciente, mostrando ser uma boa opção de tratamento reabilitador.
The constant evolution of surgical techniques and restorative materials has allowed impressive advances in dental reconstructions, allowing endodontically treated teeth with extensive coronary destruction to be reconstructed in a single session. The clinical application of composite resins, especially in posterior teeth has been widely accepted by professionals and patients due to the aesthetic issue and the resistance that the resin materials developed in the last 20 years. As for professionals, following the correct protocol is essential to improve the aesthetics and longevity of the restoration. This paper aims, through clinical case reports, to describe techniques for restoring largely destroyed anterior and posterior teeth using composite resins to build up crowns attached to direct fiberglass prefabricated pins. The cases reported here are an alternative procedure, low cost and rapid development, which could meet the needs of the patient, being a good choice of dental oral rehabilitation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Composite Resins , Crowns , Dental Restoration, PermanentABSTRACT
During clinical practice, when performing prosthetic rehabilitation with single crowns, improper reproduction of the dental contour by the dental laboratory is a common occurrence. Therefore, the present study evaluated the fidelity of the reproduction of the buccal contour in an upper left canine performed by three Dental Prosthesis Technicians (DPT) using the indirect laminate veneer technique. First, the DPTs confected the veneers based on a model obtained from the upper arch of a dental dummy, containing a replica of an upper left canine with a prosthetic preparation for a laminate veneer. Then, the same DPTs received other identical models, now with the replica of the upper left canine with no preparation, to be used as an anatomical reference for confecting the laminate veneers. The laminate veneers were then bonded to the plaster models and had their buccal contour individually measured. Measurements were also made of the buccal contour of the reference canine. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and the t-test (p = 0.05). Results showed 100 percent of buccal overcontour when the laminate veneers were compared to the reference canine, regardless of which DPT confected the veneer and regardless of using or not the anatomical reference. The DPTs who participated in the present study were unable to acomplish a faithful anatomical reproduction of the buccal contour, creating an overcontour in all samples. This situation may be responsible for increasing the probability of periodontal and esthetic harm in clinical practice.