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Bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris (BADI) is a rare disease characterized by iris atrophy. Although it can be self-limiting, it is sometimes progressive and can lead to glaucoma and severe vision loss. Two female patients were admitted to our clinic because of a change in iris color following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. After the exclusion of other etiologies in the eye examination, BADI was diagnosed in both cases. Thus, it was shown that COVID-19 may also be involved in the etiology of BADI.
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Panorama: Esta revisão analisa a literatura sobre técnicas, eficácia e segurança do microagulhamento, para o tratamento do vitiligo. Métodos: Relatos de casos e de séries de casos, e ensaios foram pesquisados no PubMed para identificar o tratamento com microagulhamento para vitiligo. Resultados: Os 14 artigos avaliados relataram melhora das lesões após o tratamento com microagulhamento. A combinação de microagulhamento e tacrolimo tópico, 5-FU, calcipotriol e betametasona tópicos, NB-UVB com ou sem TFD e solução de triancinolona acetonida apresentou maior eficácia do que microagulhamento em monoterapia. Conclusão: O microagulhamento é uma técnica segura e eficiente e uma terapia adjuvante para o tratamento do vitiligo.
Background: Microneedling was initially introduced for skin rejuvenation. This review analyzes the current literature on microneedling techniques, efficacy, and safety for vitiligo treatment. Methods: An extensive PubMed search was performed to identify literature on microneedling therapy for vitiligo. Case reports, case series, and clinical trials were included. Results: All 14 articles evaluated showed improvement of lesions after microneedling treatment. Combination of microneedling and topical tacrolimus, 5-FU, topical calcipotriol and betamethasone, NB-UVB with or without PDT, and triamcinolone acetonide solution yielded more efficacy than microneedling monotherapy. Conclusion: Microneedling is a safe and efficient technique and an adjuvant treatment for vitiligo treatment.
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ABSTRACT: Vitiligo is an acquired hypomelanotic disorder of the skin resulting from loss of functional melanoctyes and it affects approximately 0.5-1% of individuals. 25% of vitiligo in children are diagnosed before 10 years of age. The age of onset of vitiligo in children ranges between 4 to 8 years. Depigmentation in oral cavity can be easily noted and awareness about the condition can be created if they are not aware about vitiligo elsewhere in their body and can be guided for the treatment.
RESUMEN: El vitíligo es un trastorno hipomelanótico en la piel que resulta de la pérdida de melanocitos funcionales y afecta aproximadamente al 0,5-1% de los individuos. El 25% de los casos de vitiligo en niños se diagnostican antes de los 10 años. La edad de aparición del vitiligo en los niños oscila entre los 4 y los 8 años. La despigmentación en la cavidad oral se puede notar fácilmente y se puede crear conciencia sobre la afección, si no son conscientes del vitiligo en otras partes de su cuerpo, y pueden ser guiados para el tratamiento.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Vitiligo , MouthABSTRACT
Vitiligo is a dermatological disease affecting both animals and humans. It is characterized by depigmented macules of varying shape and size, originated from melanocyte destruction. Even though there are some theories tackling causation, disease etiopathology is not yet certain. Moreover, lesion areas can either increase or diminish over time, and therefore, available treatment alternatives tend to prove inconsistencies. No epidemiological data or registered cases were found for equines in Brazil. The horse in this case description displayed depigmentation areas in facial regions, including upper lip, nose and lips. However, the individual did not happen to develop any systemic alteration. Through clinical evaluation, backed by a histopathological exam, a definitive vitiligo diagnosis was obtained. However, no therapeutic plan was stipulated. The animal was accompanied for four years, during which period some affected areas diminished while others increased in size. In addition, emergence of new skin lesions was also observed during the time the animal was studied. Overall, this disease does not display alterations to organism functionality, only aesthetic changes. Therefore, treatment plans may vary from case to case, occasionally being even ruled out.(AU)
O vitiligo é uma doença dermatológica que pode afetar animais e humanos. Caracteriza-se por áreas despigmentadas, de formas e tamanhos variáveis, que surgem devido a destruição dos melanócitos. Existem algumas teorias que tentam explicar a etiopatogenia da doença, entretanto ainda não é totalmente esclarecida. As lesões podem aumentar ou diminuir com o tempo, por isso os tratamentos disponíveis são inconsistentes. Não foram encontrados dados epidemiológicos ou relatos de vitiligo em cavalos no Brasil. O equino deste relato apresentava lesões despigmentadas na região da face, incluindo pálpebras, narina e lábios, sem alterações sistêmicas. Por meio da avaliação clínica em conjunto com o exame histopatológico obteve-se o diagnóstico definitivo de vitiligo. Não foi instituído nenhuma terapia, e o equino foi acompanhado durante quatro anos. Durante esse período algumas lesões diminuíram e outras aumentaram de tamanho sendo também observado o aparecimento de novas lesões. O vitiligo não traz alterações sistêmicas, apenas mudanças estéticas, por isso a escolha pelo tratamento dependerá de cada caso.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Pigmentation Disorders/veterinary , Vitiligo/diagnosis , HorsesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: The pigmented lesions of the oral cavity may be endogenous or exogenous. Endogenous lesions are benign and usually caused by melanin, and they are called gingival melanin pigmentations. Among the options for depigmenting these areas, laser therapy stands out for being a minimally invasive procedure. This study aims to report a clinical case of the gingival depigmentation technique using a high-power diode laser in the anterior maxillary region, for the ablation of the pigmented tissue to improve gingival aesthetics. The patient had an aesthetic complaint of the darkened aspect of the gingiva in the anterior maxillary and mandibular portions. After local anesthesia, we started depigmentation with high-power diode laser and performed ablation from the attached gingiva toward the free marginal gingiva. The patient returned after 30 and 180 days presenting healthy gingiva and absence of melanin repigmentation. Thus, we concluded that the diode laser was a good alternative for melanin depigmentation because it is a procedure with lower morbidity and satisfactory postoperative results.
RESUMEN: Las lesiones pigmentadas de la cavidad oral pueden ser endógenas o exógenas. Las endógenas son benignas y generalmente causadas por la melanina, denominándose pigmentaciones melánicas gingivales. Entre las opciones para la despigmentación de estas regiones, se destaca la laserterapia, por ser un procedimiento poco invasivo. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo relatar un caso clínico de la técnica de despigmentación gingival utilizando láser de diodo de alta intensidad en la región anterior de los maxilares para ablación del tejido pigmentado con la finalidad de mejorar la estética gingival. El paciente presentaba como queja estética el aspecto oscurecido de la encía en la región anterior de la maxila y de la mandíbula. Tras aplicar anestesia local, se inició la despigmentación con láser de diodo de alta intensidad, siendo que la ablación se realizó a partir de la encía insertada hacia la encía marginal libre. El paciente regresó tras 30 y 180 días, presentando encía saludable y con ausencia de repigmentación melánica. Así fue posible concluir que el láser de diodo mostró ser una buena alternativa para la despigmentación melánica, ya que se presentó como un procedimiento con menor morbidad y buen resultado postoperatorio.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Laser Therapy/methods , Lasers, Solid-State/therapeutic use , Gingival Diseases/surgery , Melanosis/surgery , Brazil , Cosmetic Techniques/instrumentation , Informed ConsentABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to microscopically re-evaluate the melanocytic lesions diagnoses established by the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Federal University of Uberlândia, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, over a period of eleven years; in addition, to perform a comparative analysis between the conventional histopathological (CH) method and the use of the melanin bleaching (MB) technique with potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid, and oxalic acid solutions. The results of the MB method presented a disagreement in 24.32% of the diagnosis previously by CH, with low agreement (61.0%) and low Kappa coefficient (0.2267). Melanoma was the most frequent lesion, more frequent in elderly and non-breed female dogs. The most frequent melanoma location was in the cutaneous tissue. The presence or absence of a pagetoid spread in cutaneous samples, distribution of melanin, pattern of cell layout, cell morphology, degree of cellular atypia, and the number of mitoses verified after MB were the most important criteria to confirm the diagnosis of malignancy or benignity of the lesions. Evaluating pathologists considered MB to be essential for the majority of diagnoses and an efficient complementary method for the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions, even in cases with a moderate degree of pigmentation.(AU)
Este estudo objetivou reavaliar microscopicamente os diagnósticos de lesões melanocíticas estabelecidos pelo setor de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, em um período de 11 anos, e, com base nesse levantamento, realizar uma análise comparativa entre o método histopatológico convencional (HC) e o método de despigmentação de melanócitos (DM) com permanganato de potássio, ácido sulfúrico e ácido oxálico. A DM revelou discordância em 24,32% dos diagnósticos previamente estabelecidos por HC, apresentando baixa concordância (61,0%) e baixo valor de coeficiente Kappa (0,2267). A alteração mais frequente foi o melanoma, com maior ocorrência em cadelas idosas sem raça definida (SRD). A localização mais frequente dos melanomas foi cutânea. A presença ou ausência de disseminação pagetoide nos casos cutâneos, a forma de distribuição da melanina, o padrão de disposição das células, a morfologia celular, o grau de atipia celular e a quantidade de mitoses verificada após a despigmentação foram critérios de elevada importância para firmar o diagnóstico quanto à malignidade ou benignidade da lesão. A despigmentação foi considerada pelos patologistas avaliadores como essencial para o diagnóstico na maioria dos casos, o que leva a concluir que ela constitui um método complementar eficiente no diagnóstico das lesões melanocíticas, mesmo em casos com grau moderado de pigmentação.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Potassium Permanganate/pharmacology , Pigmentation , Melanocytes/cytology , Melanocytes/pathologyABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the clinical outcome of autologous thin split thickness skin graft with melanocytes for the treatment of large scar with depigmentation, caused by extensive burn.@*Methods@#From August 2016 to June 2018, autologous thin split thickness skin graft with melanocytes was used on 19 patients, who had depigmented extensive burn scar. They include 15 males and 4 females, aged 19-54 years. The operation was performed under general anesthesia or local anesthesia. Local mechanical abrasion was carried out at the depigmented surface of the scar, until the superficial dermis. The thin split thickness skin graft with melanocytes was transplanted to the wound at recipient site, followed by package and fixation. The package was kept for two weeks.@*Results@#After a follow-up period of 3-6 months, all the grafts survived well with satisfactory appearance. The defects at donor site healed well too.@*Conclusions@#Satisfactory outcome can be achieved with autologous thin split thickness skin graft with melanocytes for the treatment of depigmented scar caused by extensive burn.
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Objective@#To explore the clinical application of ultra-pulsed CO2 laser skin abrasion combined with micro-skin graft in the treatment of skin depigmentation.@*Methods@#From January 2010 to June 2014, depigmented skin specimens were used for ultra-pulsed CO2 laser skin abrasion treatment, at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 mJ. HE stain was performed to observe the abrasion depth under the 100 times microscope view. The most appropriate parameter was set to completely remove the epidermis, and leave dermis undamaged. From January 2011 to December 2017, 16 patients with skin depigmentation, 12 males and 4 females, aged 12-47 years, were treated with super-pulsed carbon dioxide laser and autologous microdermis transplantation. At 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the operation, patients′ photos were record. The color improvement was analyzed using Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software.@*Results@#The laser energy for complete epidermis removal is different at different sites. It is 50 mJ for back skin, 40 mJ for face and hand skin and 30 mJ for neck skin. After one year of follow-up, there was no hypertrophy scar caused by over-abrasion in all 16 patients. Combined with the micro-skingrafting, 15 patients with skin depigmentation were completely resolved, with more than 90%color improvement rate. The improvement rate was 75% in a patient with un-uniform appearance, due to part failure of micro-skin graft. The neck movement and uncertain fixation were the reasons.@*Conclusions@#The appropriate energy parameters can control the abrasion depth to avoid the hypertrophic scar. Combined with micro-skin graft, the depigmentation area can be improved with uniform color and reliable effect.
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Lepromatous leprosy is a multisystem disease characterized by a decline in delayed hypersensitivity to Mycobacterium leprae antigens, causing multiplication of bacilli in huge numbers. We herein report a case of an adult male with lepromatous leprosy who was started on adult multibacillary multi-drug therapy. With treatment, the surface of lesions developed depigmented macules and patches. However, on continuation of antileprotic drugs, there was progressive perifollicular as well as inter-follicular re-pigmentation. This case clinically depicts re-pigmentation of depigmented skin following multidrug therapy for leprosy supporting the role of neural system in the homeostasis of melanocytes.
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As pigmentações melânicas gengivais são manchas escuras localizadas na mucosa mastigatória, resultado da produção excessiva de melanina pelos melanócitos situados na camada basal do epitélio, entre algumas células epiteliais e em algumas células do tecido conjuntivo, podendo comprometer a estética bucal. Podem ocorrer em indivíduos de todas as raças e em fumantes, no entanto, na raça negra sua manifestação é mais frequente. O presente trabalho relatou um caso clínico de remoção cirúrgica de pigmentação melânica em paciente do sexo feminino, pela técnica da mucodermoabrasão com instrumentos manuais e abrasão epitelial com instrumentos rotatórios. A associação das técnicas mostrou-se efetiva na remoção do pigmento melânico, possibilitando satisfação estética ao paciente.
The dark spots of melanin pigmentation are located on the masticatory mucosa as a result of excessive production of melanin by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epithelium, including some epithelial cells and certain cells in the connective tissue the may compromise the oral aesthetics. It can occurs in all races and in smokers, being, however, its prevalence higher in black patients. This paper reports a case of surgical removal of melanin pigmentation in female patient by manual dermabrasion and epithelial abrasion with rotary instruments. This combination proved to be effective to remove the melanin pigmentation, which allowed for patient esthetic satisfaction.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Esthetics, Dental , Gingiva/surgery , Hyperpigmentation/therapy , Oral Surgical Procedures/methods , Smiling , Surgery, Oral/methodsABSTRACT
Background: Gingival hyperpigmentation usually occurs due to the abnormal accumulation of melanin in the gingival tissue and confers a dark appearance to the gingiva. Gingival hyperpigmentation often compromises smile esthetics and can occur due to several physiological disorders. Several treatment options are available for this condition; however, laser seems to be the most reliable and satisfactory treatment modality in this regard. Aim: This study reviews the outcome of laser treatment of gingival hyperpigmentation in terms of response to treatment and recurrence. Study Design: Review. Place and Duration of Study: Department of periodontics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Dental School, between March 2015 and July 2015. Methodology: An electronic search of the literature was carried out in PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases for relevant articles published from January 2000 to June 2015 using the key words “gingiva”, “pigmentation”, “hyperpigmentation”, “repigmentation”, “therapy”, “depigmentation”, “melanin pigmentation”, “diode laser”, “Er:YAG”, “Nd:YAG” and “laser therapy”. A total of 11 articles met the criteria and their full texts were thoroughly reviewed. Results: Studies showed no pain, bleeding or sign of impaired wound healing following laser treatment. The results were satisfactory in all studies and recurrence during the follow up period was not reported. Conclusion: Laser therapy has optimal efficacy for treatment of gingival hyperpigmentation with low recurrence rate.
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Objective To compare the treatment effect of autologous blister skin grafting with ReCell autologous chromocyte grafting on cicatricial depigmentation caused by deep burn.Methods Thirty-four patients with cicatricial depigmentation caused by deep burn who were admitted into hospital from May 2012 to February 2015 were included in this study.The total 61 depigmentation areas were randomly divided into two groups;32 areas from 18 patients were treated with autologous blister skin grafting,and the other 29 areas from 16 patients were trea-ted with ReCell autologous chromocyte grafting.In the autologous blister skin grafting treated group,epidermis from the depigmentation area was removed by grinding with a BY-II AM type epidermal graft vitiligo treatment equipment.Then the autologous blister skin was harvested with the suction blistering method and grafted onto the wound of depigmentation area.In the ReCell autologous chromocyte grafting treated group,split-thickness skin flap was harvested by electric dermatome.Then the donor skin was processed into chromocyte suspension with the ReCell assay kit and evenly sprayed onto the depigmentation areas.The wound healing time and the pigment recovery 3 months after surgery were observed.Results The wound healing time of autologous blister skin grafting treated group was significantly shorter than that of ReCell autologous chromocyte grafting treated group (P <0.05 ).The effective rate of pigment recovery 3 months after surgery in autologous blister skin grafting treated group was markedly higher than that of ReCell autologous chromocyte grafting treated group(P <0.05 ). Conclusion The autologous epidermal grafting treatment using grinding and suction blistering method is simple and easy to perform,marked-ly effective,with no suture scar and low surgical risk,thus serving as a promising and ideal therapeutic method for burn scar depigmentation.
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Aims: The main aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of laser over cryosurgery and to evaluate the intensity of repigmentation after both interventions during a period of 9 months.” Study Design: This study was a randomized controlled clinical split mouth trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Periodontics, Vishnu Dental College and hospital between January 2013 to September 2013. Methodology: Sample we included 20 subjects(10 males,10 females) age range 19-23 years with hyper pigmented gingiva on facial aspect of the gingiva present in the esthetic zone. A split mouth approach was used wherein one side received laser and the other side received cryotherapy with the choice of the therapy and side chosen by the spin of the coin. Clinical observations for intensity of pigmentation were recorded at baseline, 3, 6 and 9 months after surgery. Results: With a sample of 20 patients the treatment of gingival hyperpigmentation with laser and cryosurgery showed marked improvement of gingival pigmentation in both the groups. When intergroup comparison was made there was no statistical difference in the score from baseline (Pvalue, 1.0000). However there was statistical improvement that was significant in cryosurgery group as compared to laser group at the end of 9th month (P-value, 0.0020). Moreover 6 out of 20 patients were satisfied with the laser treated at the end of 9 months whereas 18 patients (90%) reported excellent appearance in cryosurgery group at the end of 9 months (P-value, 0.00001). Conclusion: The indications of recurrence in laser treated group were early compared to the cryo treated group which showed more sustainability over the entire study period.
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LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) is a powerful source of light, which has innumerable applications in all the fields of science including medicine and dentistry. It is one such technology that has become a desirable and an inseparable alternative to many traditional surgical procedures being held in the field of dentistry, and orthodontics is no exception. The current article describes the uses of a diode laser as an indispensable tool in an orthodontic office.
Subject(s)
Gingival Diseases/radiotherapy , Laser Therapy/therapeutic use , Lasers, Semiconductor/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound found in various natural products such as grapes and berries and possesses anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemia, and anti-aging properties. Recently, it has been reported that resveratrol inhibits alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone signaling, viability, and migration in melanoma cells. However, these effects have not been confirmed in vivo, specifically brownish guinea pigs. To evaluate the potential of resveratrol as a regulator of melanin for hyperpigmentation therapy, the influence of resveratrol on pigmentation was investigated by ultraviolet B-induced hyperpigmentation in brownish guinea pig skin. We found that resveratrol reduced the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related proteins 1 and 2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor in melanoma cells. Furthermore, topical application of resveratrol was demonstrated to significantly decrease hyperpigmentation on ultraviolet B-stimulated guinea pig skin in vivo. Based on our histological data, resveratrol inhibits melanin synthesis via a reduction in tyrosinase-related protein 2 among the melanogenic enzymes. This study is the first to provide evidence supporting resveratrol as a depigmentation agent, along with further clinical investigation of resveratrol in ultraviolet B-induced skin disorders such as hyperpigmentation and skin photoaging.
Subject(s)
Animals , alpha-MSH , Biological Products , Fruit , Guinea Pigs , Hyperpigmentation , Melanins , Melanoma , Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor , Monophenol Monooxygenase , Pigmentation , Skin , VitisABSTRACT
Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound found in various natural products such as grapes and berries and possesses anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemia, and anti-aging properties. Recently, it has been reported that resveratrol inhibits alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone signaling, viability, and migration in melanoma cells. However, these effects have not been confirmed in vivo, specifically brownish guinea pigs. To evaluate the potential of resveratrol as a regulator of melanin for hyperpigmentation therapy, the influence of resveratrol on pigmentation was investigated by ultraviolet B-induced hyperpigmentation in brownish guinea pig skin. We found that resveratrol reduced the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related proteins 1 and 2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor in melanoma cells. Furthermore, topical application of resveratrol was demonstrated to significantly decrease hyperpigmentation on ultraviolet B-stimulated guinea pig skin in vivo. Based on our histological data, resveratrol inhibits melanin synthesis via a reduction in tyrosinase-related protein 2 among the melanogenic enzymes. This study is the first to provide evidence supporting resveratrol as a depigmentation agent, along with further clinical investigation of resveratrol in ultraviolet B-induced skin disorders such as hyperpigmentation and skin photoaging.
Subject(s)
Animals , alpha-MSH , Biological Products , Fruit , Guinea Pigs , Hyperpigmentation , Melanins , Melanoma , Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor , Monophenol Monooxygenase , Pigmentation , Skin , VitisABSTRACT
Vitiligo is a common pigmentary disorder caused by the destruction of functional melanocytes. Vitamin D is an essential hormone synthesized in the skin and is responsible for skin pigmentation. Low levels of vitamin D have been observed in vitiligo patients and in patients with other autoimmune diseases. Therefore, the relationship between vitamin D and vitiligo needs to be investigated more thoroughly. We reviewed the literature to date regarding the role of vitamin D in skin pigmentation. Our review revealed that vitamin D defi ciency has been identifi ed in many conditions, including premature and dysmature birth, pigmented skin, obesity, advanced age, and malabsorption. Vitamin D increases melanogenesis and the tyrosinase content of cultured human melanocytes by its antiapoptotic effect. However, a few growth-inhibitory effects on melanocytes were also reported. Vitamin D regulates calcium and bone metabolism, controls cell proliferation and differentiation, and exerts immunoregulatory activities. Vitamin D exerts its effect via a nuclear hormone receptor for vitamin D. The topical application of vitamin D increased the number of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-positive melanocytes. The topical application of vitamin D yields signifi cant results when used in combination with phototherapy and ultraviolet exposure to treat vitiligo in humans. Vitamin D decreases the expression of various cytokines that cause vitiligo. In conclusion, application of vitamin D might help in preventing destruction of melanocytes thus causing vitiligo and other autoimmune disorders. The association between low vitamin D levels and the occurrence of vitiligo and other forms of autoimmunity is to be further evaluated.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Melanocytes/metabolism , Skin Pigmentation/drug effects , Skin Pigmentation/physiology , Vitamin D/administration & dosage , Vitamin D/blood , Vitamin D Deficiency/blood , Vitamin D Deficiency/diagnosis , Vitamin D Deficiency/drug therapy , Vitiligo/blood , Vitiligo/diagnosisABSTRACT
A smile expresses a feeling of joy, success, sensuality, affection and courtesy and reveals self-confidence and kindness. The harmony of the smile is determined not only by the shape, position and color of the teeth but also by the gingival tissues. Gingival health and appearance are essential components of an attractive smile. Gingival pigmentation results from melanin granules, which are produced by melanoblasts. The degree of pigmentation depends on melanoblastic activity. Although melanin pigmentation of the gingiva is completely benign and does not present a medical problem, complaints of ‘black gums’ are common particularly in patients who have a very high smile line (gummy smile). Different treatment modalities have been reported for depigmentation of gingiva such as bur abrasion, scraping, partial thickness flap, cryotherapy, electrosurgery and laser. In the present case, depigmentation was done with scraping technique, which is simple, effective and yields good results, along with good patient satisfaction.
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A fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which can cause morbidity and death of anurans, has affected amphibian populations on a worldwide basis. Availability of pure cultures of Bd isolates is essential for experimental studies to understand the ecology of this pathogen. We evaluated the relationships of body length of Hylodes cf. ornatus and Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles to depigmentation of mouthparts and determined if dekeratinization indicated an infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. A strong association existed for both species, one from South America (Brazil: São Paulo) and one from North America (USA: Maine). We believe it prudent not to kill adult amphibians if avoidable, thus obtaining tissue for isolating Bd from tadpoles is reasonable because infected specimens of some species can be selectively collected based on depigmentation of mouthparts.
O fungo patógeno Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) é apontado como o causador de morbidade e morte em anuros, e tem afetado populações de anfíbios em uma base mundial. Avaliar culturas puras de isolados de Bd é essencial para estudos experimentais para o entendimento da ecologia desse patógeno. Avaliou-se a relação entre o comprimento do corpo em girinos de Hylodes cf. ornatus e Lithobates catesbeianus com a despigmentação das peças bucais, para verificar se a desqueratinização indica uma infecção por Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Uma forte associação existe para ambas as espécies, uma da América do Sul (Brasil: São Paulo) e uma da América do Norte (USA: Maine). Acredita-se ser prudente este uso, para evitar a morte de anfíbios adultos; dessa forma, obter tecidos para isolar o Bd de girinos é razoável, porque espécimes infectados podem ser coletados seletivamente com base na despigmentação do aparelho bucal.