A toxicological study of a herbal pilatory for external use / 预防医学

Objective@# To evaluate the safety of a herbal pilatory for external use.@*Methods @#An acute eye irritation test were employed to detect the eye irritation of the herbal pilatory;a skin irritation test,a skin sensitization test and a skin phototoxicity test were employed to detect the dermal toxicity;Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay（Ames test）and chromosome aberration test in CHL cells were employed to detect the effects of the pilatory on gene mutation and chromosome aberration in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. @*Results@# When the eyes of rabbits exposed to the pilatory without rinse during the first 24 hours,the conjunctiva showed congestion and edema with the highest score of 2,corneal opacity was observed with the highest score of 1;however,these symptoms returned to normal within 72 hours,with the score reduced to 0. No irritation to the skin of rabits was found after exposed to the pilatory for fourteen days,no skin sensitization was introduced by Buehler test and no skin phototoxicity on guinea pigs was detected. There was no abnormal growth of reverse mutation colonies induced by the pilatory under S9 acitivation or not. There was no statistically significant rise of chromosome aberration rate in the exposed CHL cells compared to the control groups（P>0.05）. @*Conclusion @#Under the condition,the herbal pilatory showed mild and reversible irritation to eyes,while no dermal toxicity and genetic toxicity were observed. The safety of the herbal pilatory for external use is acceptable.

Anti-inflammatory activity and wound healing effect of the gingita® natural essential oils mouth wash in rats / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

@#Essential oils have evoked interest as sources of natural products, which their potential uses an alternative remedies for the treatment of many infectious disease and to restore healing mouth sores or kill oral bacteria. Gum disease is one of the major factor for systemic disease, which to recommend the latest study of world medical scientist. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity and wound healing effect of the GINGITA® natural essential oils mouth wash in rats. Treatment was by topical application of the GINGITA® natural essential oils mouth wash onto wound surface for 21 days. Wistar rats divided into 2 groups of 15 animals each and anesthesia was administered. The dorsal area of skin of the each rats was shaved and clipped fully-thickness 10x10mm skin wound was made. The test group was treated with GINGITA® natural essential oils mouth wash, which control group untreated. A better healing pattern was observed in rats treated with GINGITA® natural essential oils mouth wash compared with the control group. There was a significant reduction in wound length and closure rats was faster treated by GINGITA® natural essential oils mouth wash compared with control group. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that an increase of epithelial cells in wound lesions treated with GINGITA® natural essential oils mouth wash wish as compared untreated control group. Conclusions: The present study revealed that GINGITA® natural essential oils mouth wash may be effective in stimulating the enclosure of wounds in sort period time.

Keratinocytic Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor as a Novel Biomarker for Pathological Skin Condition

Skin is an emerging target tissue in pharmaceutical and cosmetic science. Safety assessment for dermal toxicity is a critical step for development of topically applicable pharmaceutical agents and ingredients in cosmetics. Urgent needs exist to set up toxicity testing methods for dermal safety, and identification of novel biomarkers for pathological cutaneous alteration is highly required. Here we will discuss if vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has a potential as a biomarker for dermal impairment. Experimental and clinical evidences for induction of keratinocytic VEGF under pathological conditions will be reviewed.

Toxicidad aguda tópica e irritabilidad dérmica de la decocción de hojas de Piper auritum Kunth (caisimón de anís) / Acute topical toxicity and dermal irritability of decoction of Piper auritum Kunth (caisimón de anís)

INTRODUCCIÓN: el Piper auritum Kunth comúnmente conocido como caisimón de anís, o anisón en algunas regiones del país, es una planta ampliamente utilizada como antiinflamatorio tópico. Tanto la hoja calentada como la decocción aplicada sobre la zona dañada son empleadas por la población con este fin. OBJETIVO: determinar la toxicidad aguda tópica y la irritabilidad dérmica primaria de la decocción al 50 % de hojas frescas de Piper auritum. MÉTODOS: se emplearon hojas frescas colectadas el mismo día del ensayo y se utilizaron las técnicas descritas en las guías de la Organización para la Cooperación Económica y el Desarrollo (OECD), la 434 para la toxicidad dérmica utilizando ratas Wistar, manteniendo la decocción por 24 horas en contacto con la piel previamente afeitada; el peso de los animales fue controlado antes, durante y al concluir el experimento. Y la OECD 404 para la irritabilidad tópica empleando conejos Nueva Zelanda aplicando el extracto por 4 horas a la zona rasurada. RESULTADOS: no se apreciaron signos ni síntomas de toxicidad por la absorción dérmica en las ratas ni se observó evidencia de edema ni eritema en los conejos empleados. CONCLUSIONES: la decocción al 50 % de Piper auritum Kunth posee un índice de irritabilidad y una toxicidad dérmica bajas en nuestras condiciones de ensayo.

INTRODUCTION: Piper auritum Kunth, commonly known as caisimón de anís or anisón in some regions of the country, is a plant widely used as topical anti-inflammatory. To this end, leaves may be warmed up and applied to the damaged area or a decoction prepared and drunk. OBJECTIVE: determine the acute topical toxicity and primary dermal irritability of a 50 % decoction of Piper auritum fresh LEAVES. METHODS: fresh leaves collected on the same day of the assay were used to prepare a decoction, following the techniques described in Guideline 434 of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD 434) about dermal toxicity in Wistar rats. Decoction was kept in contact with previously shaved skin for 24 hours. The weight of animals was controlled before, during and upon completion of the experiment. OECD Guideline 404 was used for topical irritability in New Zealand rabbits, applying the extract to a previously shaved area for 4 hours. RESULTS: no sign or symptom of toxicity due to dermal absorption was observed in the rats. Rabbits did not show any evidence of edema or erythema. CONCLUSIONS: Piper auritum Kunth 50 % decoction has a low irritability and dermal toxicity rate in our test conditions.

Acute Dermal Toxicity Study of Bee Venom (Apis mellifera L.) in Rats

Bee venom (Apis mellifera L. BV) has been used as a cosmetic ingredient for anti-ageing, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity after a single dermal administration of BV, BV was administered to 2 groups of Sprague-Dawley (SD) male and female rats (5 animals/group) at doses of 0 and 1,500 mg/kg body weight (BW). Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross findings were continually monitored for 15 days following the single dose. There were no unscheduled deaths in any groups during the study period. No BV related clinical signs and body weight changes were observed in any groups during the study period. There were no abnormal gross findings at necropsy on day 15 after the treatment. On the basis of the above results, it was concluded that there were no treatment-related effect on mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross findings in SD rats treated with a single dermal dose of BV at dose of 1,500 mg/kg BW. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose of BV was considered to be over 1,500 mg/kg/day for both sexes of rats. BV may provide a developmental basis for a cosmetic ingredient or external application for topical uses.

Acute Oral or Dermal and Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity of Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate in Spraque Dawley (SD) Rats

OBJECTIVES: Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSP) is used in processed meat products, as an emulsifier in cheese, and as a color preservative in soybean paste. However, little is known about its toxicity. This study was conducted to investigate the potential acute and repeated dose toxicity of TSP in Spraque Dawley (SD) rats. METHODS: In the acute study, animals were administered with oral or dermal doses of 2,000 mg/kg TSP. In the repeated dose study, animals were administered doses of 0, 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg by oral gavage five times a week for 90 days. RESULTS: In acute toxicity studies, no dead animals or abnormal necropsy findings were found in the control or treated group. In the repeated dose toxicity study, there were no significant changes in body weight in the 1,000 mg/kg treatment group, or food consumption, urinalysis, and hematology in any group. With regards serum biochemistry, the levels of total protein, albumin, A/G ratio, triglyceride, calcium and inorganic phosphate were altered at doses of 500 and 1,000 mg/kg. However, no changes were observed at the dose of 250 mg/kg. With regards histopathological findings, cortical tubular basophilia of the kidney increased at the dose of 1,000 mg/kg, but not at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg. No significant changes were observed in other organs at doses of 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, TSP is unclassified according to the Globally Harmonization System, with an LD50 value of over 2,000 mg/kg. The no observed effect level (NOEL) and no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) were 250 and 500 mg/kg /day respectively and the target organ appears to be the kidney.

Experimental Study of Dermal Toxicity of Shangyangyu Ointment / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the toxic action of Shangyangyu ointment on animal skin.METHODS:Acute dermal toxicity test and dermal irritation test were conducted in healthy rabbits,and dermal sensitivity test was performed in guinea pigs.RESULTS:Shangyangyu ointment had no acute toxicity or irritation to the intact or damaged skin of rabbits and was not allergy-inducing to the skin of guinea pigs.CONCLUSION:Shangyangyu ointment is safe and nontoxic and can be used in clinic practice.