ABSTRACT
The genus Desmodium includes about 350 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The objective of this review wa s to associate the traditional medicinal uses of the genus Desmodium with its biological activities reported in the scientific literature. Traditional medicinal uses and biological activities were described in 56 species. More than 100 traditional medicina l uses have been reported in 43 countries, highlighting the use in inflammatory, gastrointestinal and infectious processes, muscular pain, rheumatic, renal and hepatic affections. Among the 45 biological activities experimentally evaluated, antioxidant, an timicrobial, anti - inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antinociceptive were the most reported. The species with the highest number of studies were D. gangeticum, D. adscendens and D. styracifolium. In conclusion, several traditional medicinal uses have been experimentally supported, demonstrating the pharmacological potential of this genus.
El género Desmodium incluye alrededor de 350 especie s, distribuidas en regiones tropicales y subtropicales alrededor del mundo. El objetivo de esta revisión fue asociar los usos medicinales tradicionales del género Desmodium con sus actividades biológicas reportadas en la literatura científica. Los usos med icinales tradicionales y las actividades biológicas fueron descritos en 56 especies. Más de 100 usos medicinales tradicionales han sido reportados en 43 países, destacándose el uso en procesos inflamatorios, gastrointestinales e infecciosos, dolores muscul ares, reumáticos, afecciones renales y hepáticas. Dentro de las 45 actividades biológicas evaluadas experimentalmente, las más reportadas fueron la antioxidante, antimicrobiana, antiinflamatoria, hepatoprotectora y antinociceptiva. Las especies con mayor n úmero de estudios fueron D. gangeticum, D. adscendens y D. styracifolium. En conclusión, varios usos medicinales tradicionales han sido experimentalmente respaldados, demostrando el potencial farmacológico de este género.
Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal/drug effects , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Plant Leaves/physiology , Medicine, TraditionalABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To estab lish the fingerprint ，analyze the monosaccharide composition and content ，investigate the inhibitory effects of the polysaccharide from Desmodium styracifolium on α-glucosidase in vitro . METHODS ：Polysaccharide from D. styracifolium was prepared by water extraction and ethanol precipitation. After hydrolyzed by TFA and derived by PMP ，HPLC method was adopted to establish the fingerprint （using glucose peak as reference ），and analyze the constituent and content of monosaccharide. The content determination was performed on Phenomenex Luna C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.05 mol/L potassium phosphate （pH adjusted to 6.8 with sodium hydroxide ）in gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 250 nm，and column temperature was set at 30 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. Using acarbose as control ，PNPG assay was used to investigate the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharide from D. styracifolium. RESULTS ：There were 9 common peaks in HPLC fingerprints of 18 batches of samples ，and the similarity of 15 batches of samples was higher than 0.90. Totally 7 peaks were identified as mannose ，rhamnose，galacturonic acid ，glucose， galactose，xylose and arabinose. The contents of rhamnose ，galacturonic acid ，glucose，galactose and arabinose were 0.471-2.092， 1.379-8.919，2.560-35.679，1.194-6.905，0.566-4.158 mg/g，respectively. Based on rhamnose ，the molar ratios of the other four monosaccharides were 1.58-4.07，2.26-19.95，2.20-4.21 and 1.31-2.86，respectively. The inhibitory activity of polysaccharide from D. styracifolium on α-glucosidase increased with the increase of dose ，and the half inhibitory concentrations of it was 0.70 mg/mL， lower than 7.76 mg/mL of acarbose （positive control ）. CONCLUSIONS ：Glucose is the main component of D. styracifolium polysaccharide in different batches ，and the contents of monosaccharides are different. The polysaccharide from D. styracifolium have significant inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase，which is better than that of acarbose.
ABSTRACT
To screen active components of Desmodium styracifolium in protecting calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) -induced human proximaltubular epithelial cell (HK-2) damage model, and furtherly explore its mechanism of action, total flavonoids of Desmodium styracifolium (TFDS) and eight flavonoids (schaftoside, isoschaftoside, vicenin-2, isovitexin, isoorientin, apigenin, luteolin and genistein) were tested by COM-induced HK-2 damage model. MTT assay was used to detect the effects of different components on the cell viability of COM-induced HK-2 damage model. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in the cell supernatant and the activity level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of cell were detected by the kit. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, HMGB1 in HK-2 of different groups. Compared with the model group, the cell activity was significantly increased after 24 h co-culture with TFDS and four flavonoids (isoorientin, apigenin, genistein and luteolin). These active components can reduce the LDH leakage and ROS in cell supernatant and increase the activity of SOD, with regulating the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, HMGB1. TFDS, apigenin, isoorientin, luteolin and genistein can protect COM-induced HK-2 cell damage, including enhancing cell viability, protecting cell membrane integrity and enhancing oxidative stress, and regulate the expression of proteins related to NLRP3 inflammasome.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To optimize ultrasonic-assisted ethanol-（NH4）2SO4 aqueous two-phase extraction technology of citru- sinol from Desmodium caudatum . METHODS ：Using the content of citrusinol as indexes ，with ethanol volume fraction ， solid-liquid ratio ，（NH4）2SO4 addition amount ，ultrasonic time and ultrasonic temperature as factors ，based on the single factor tests，Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction technology of citrusinol. RESULTS ： The optimized extraction technology of citrusinol included that ethanol volume fraction was 95.35％，the solid-liquid ratio was 1∶50.35 （g/mL），（NH4）2SO4 addition amount was 4.49 g，ultrasonic time was 48.7 min，ultrasonic temperature was 57.6 ℃. In 3 times of validation tests ，the extraction rates of citrusinol were 0.637 8，0.638 4，0.625 4 mg/g，respectively，which was close to predicted value（0.630 5 mg/g）. CONCLUSIONS ：The optimized ultrasonic-assisted ethanol- （NH4）2SO4 aqueous two-phase extraction technology is stable and feasible ，and can be used for the extraction of citrusinol from D. caudatum .
ABSTRACT
Objective To screen out the key chemical constituents and target protein of essential oil of Desmodium styracifolium for its anti-inflammatory effect. Methods Steam distillation method was used to extract the volatile oils from D. styraci folium, and its chemical constituents were identified by GC-MS, and the relative content of chemical constituents was determined by peak area normalization. The small molecule ligand library was established based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP). Reverse target prediction was conducted online using Swiss Target Prediction, the anti-inflammatory pathways were screened by KOBAX 3.0, conducting energy match between the key small molecular and the target protein in the TRP channels by molecular docking (SYBYL2.1). Construction of chemical constituents-targets network model was based on Cytoscape 3.5.1. Results A total of 48 chromatographic peaks were detected from D. styracifolium volatile oils, and 33 kinds of compound structure were determined by searching in mass spectral database and document retrieval, which account for 90.1% of total volatile oils. There were 17 key chemical constituents, and 88 target proteins were selected. TRP channels included 11 potential targets. Through molecular docking, we found that the phytol, hentriacontane, farnesyl acetone, and squalene were the key anti-inflammatory chemical constituents of D. styraci folium volatile oils. TPRV1 (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1), PRKCB (protein kinase C, beta), and PRKCD (protein kinase C, delta) (degree > 10) are the key anti-inflammatory target protein. Conclusion We preliminarily select the key anti-inflammatory target and active constituents of D. styraci folium volatile oils from this study, and this research provides the theoretical basis for the development and application of its products.
ABSTRACT
HPLC analysis was performed on a Phenomenex PS C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm）column using methanol -0.2% formic acid (30:70) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL·min⁻¹. The column temperature was 30 °C and the detection wavelength was set at 335 nm. The injection volume was 10 μL. The HPLC fingerprint of Desmodium styracifolium was established with 10 common peaks, and 5 of them were identified as vicenin-1, schaftoside, isoorientin, isoschaftoside and isovitexin, respecivetly. The fingerprints of 21 batches of D. styracifolium samples were analyzed with similarity evaluation, cluster analysis, principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. There was no significant difference among the quantitative results of these five ingredients verified by external standard method (ESM) and quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS) method. The application of fingerprint, pattern recognition combined with QAMS can provide more comprehensive references for the quality control and evaluation of D. styracifolium.
ABSTRACT
The research on distribution and quality suitability division of Desmodium styracifolium were formulated by Maxent and ArcGIS model based on the content of schaftoside and polysaccharide of D. styracifolium and its field research in the south and southwest areas of China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Yunnan), and the most suitable habitats of distribution suitability and quality suitability were screened. The distribution suitability results indicated that average air temperature in April,mean temperature of coldest quarter, soil type, coldness index were found as the four dominant factors contributing to the plant distribution. The quality suitability results indicated that: ①Polysaccharide content and precipitation in April show significant positive correlation;Schaftoside content and mean temperature of April, mean temperature of coldest quarter show significant negative correlation. Schaftoside content shows significant negative correlation with the precipitation in October and November and the sunshine duration in April and May, while there is a significant positive correlation between schaftoside content and precipitation in April and temperature seasonality standard deviation, and a highly significant positive correlation was found between schaftoside content and precipitation in February and March. ②The quality zoning map was drawn depend on general content of polysaccharide and schaftoside as the index of quality. And this research provides scientific location basis for the production regionalization, cultivation bases selection and directive breeding of D. styracifolium.
ABSTRACT
A new tetracyclic triterpenoid [4,4,24-trimethylcholesta-Δ(8,9;14,15;24,28)-trien-3β,11β,12α-triol-12-acetate, 3-sulfate] sodium salt (1), together with eight known compounds including ergosterol 5α,8α-endoperoxide (2), 1,9-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-methylpterocarpan (3), 3-O-β-D-2-acetyl-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranoxyloleanoic acid (4), hydnocarpin (5), derrone (6), isovitexin (7), erythrinin C (8), and 5,4'-dihydroxy-2''-hydroxyisopropyldihydrofurano [4,5:7,8]-isoflavone (9), were isolated from the EtOAc soluble fraction of the methanol extract of aerial part of Desmodium uncinatum collected in the western highland of Cameroon. The structures of these compounds were established by comprehensive interpretation of their spectral data mainly including 1D- (¹H and ¹³C), 2D-NMR (¹H-¹H COSY, HMQC, HMBC) spectroscopic and ESI-TOF-MS mass spectrometric analysis. The isolation of an integracide-like compound from plant origin is a very unusual finding.
Subject(s)
Cameroon , Ergosterol , Fabaceae , Methanol , Plants , SodiumABSTRACT
Objective:To assess the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of Desmodium styraeifolium from fifteen regions of Guangdong and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. Methods:The molecular technique ISSR((inter-simple sequence repeat))was applied to investigate the genetic diversity of Desmodium styraeifolium from fifteen regions of Guangdong and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. The data was analyzed with Popgene 1. 32,and a cluster diagram was presented by UPGMA. Results:Totally 51 amplified fragments were obtained by 7 ISSR primers. The results analyzed by Popgene 1. 32 showed that the Shannon diversity index(I)was 0. 3,the NEI’s genetic diversity coefficient(H)was 0. 246 4,the coefficient of genetic differentiation (GST)was 0. 123 8,and the gene flow(Nm)was 3. 539 7. Conclusion:The above mentioned results exhibit that Desmodium styraeifolium from Guangdong,Guangxi and some wild herbal populations has high genetic diversity. The clustering results illustrate that the genetic distance of Desmodium styraeifolium originated from Guangdong and Guangxi is related with geographic distance.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The differences in the compounds between Lysimachia christinae and Desmodium styracifolium were compared in order to provide the references for pharmacodynamic differences of them. Methods: The RP-HPLC-UV and RP-HPLC-ELSD fingerprints of L. christinae and D. styracifolium were established, and the common peaks of two kinds of fingerprints were compared. Results: The HPLC-UV fingerprints of L. christinae were obviously different from the HPLC-ELSD fingerprints, and the strong peaks detected in UV were not the same as what detected in ELSD, so were those of D. styracifolium. There were 14 and 5 common peaks, respectively in the HPLC-UV and HPLC-ELSD fingerprints of L. christinae, while 28 and 18 common peaks, respectively in the HPLC-UV and HPLC-ELSD fingerprints of D. styracifolium. The similarities of chromatograms of D. styracifolium were better than those of L. christinae. Four common peaks were identified in the HPLC-UV fingerprints of L. christinae and D. styracifolium, and two common peaks in their HPLC-ELSD fingerprints. Conclusion: It is better using HPLC-ESLD to establish the fingerprints of L. christinae and D. styracifolium. The chemical constituents of L. christinae were significantly different between the different batches. However, little variation was found in the chromatograms between the different batches of D. styracifolium. The two plants may contain two same compounds with high content, which may have the function as the substantial bases of their treatments for the same indication. However, they may have their special efficacies.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the seeds of Desmodium styracifolium and their activity of scavenging DPPH free radicals. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by various column chromatographyic techniques (silica gel, polyamide, sephadex LH-20, etc) and their structures were elucidated by MS and NMR spectral analyses. The activities of scavenging DPPH free radicals from different extracts from the seeds of D. styracifolium were compared. Results: Ten compounds were isolated and identified from the seeds of D. styracifolium, including stigmasterol (1), dibutyl phthalate (2), (+)-catechin (3), benzoic acid (4), 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone (5), 3-O-acetyl (-)-epicatechin (6), afzelin (7), 3'-O-methyl epicatechin (8), kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10). Conclusion: Compounds 4-6 and 8 are isolated from the plants of Desmodium Desv. for the first time. Compounds 2, 3, 7, and 9 are isolated from D. styracifolium for the first time. The different extracts from the seeds of D. styracifolium exhibit the certain activity of scavenging DPPH free radicals.
ABSTRACT
Dashmoolais one of the most important groups explained in Mishrakagana. One of which, Shalaparni is a potent drug used single as well as in various formulations mentioned in classics. Adulteration in Dashmoolaplants is a very big issue now days and this is because of the lack of availability of the original drugs. In this study market samples of Shalaparni (Desmodium gangeticum DC.) collected from the different part of India; compared with the standard Shalaparni authenticated sample which was collected from the natural source; by using physicochemical parameter and near infrared spectroscopy. Results were statistically processed by PCA. The results show that there is no similarity found outbetween the standard drug and market samples of Shalaparni which were collected from different regions of India. The market samples were observed for different adulterated material having poor quality.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical constituents from Desmodium triquetrum and their antihyperlipidemic activities. Methods: The constituents of D. triquetrum were isolated and purified using various column chromatographies. Their chemical structures were elucidated using extensive spectroscopic methods. The lipid-lowering effects of the isolates were evaluated in HepG2 cells. Results: Nine compounds were obtained from the ethanol extract of D. triquetrum and determined to be 6'-. O-cis-p-coumaroyl-3,5-dihydroxyphenyl-β-. D-glucopyranoside (1), tadehaginoside (2), rutin (3), quercetin-3-O-β-. D-glucopyranoside (4), quercetin-3-O-β-. D-galactopyranoside (5), 6-. O-(E)-. p-hydroxy-cinnamoyl-β-glucose (6), 6-. O-(E)-. p-hydroxy-cinnamoyl-α-glucose (7), kaempferol-3-O-β-. D-rutinoside (8), and 3-. O-β-D-galacopyranosyl (6-1)-α-. L-rhamnosyl quercetin (9). Compounds 1 and 2 significantly reduced the intracellular content of total cholesterols and triglycerides. Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new phenolic compound and exhibits potent anti-hyperlipidemic activity. Additionally, compounds 6 and 7 are isolated from D. triquetrum for the first time.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To optimize the formulations of microporosity osmotic pump controlled release tablet of solid dispersion for total flavonoids from Desmodium styracifolium (TFDS) by central composite design-response surface methodology. Methods: The independent variables comprised of the amount of lactose, pore-forming agent, and coating weight gain, and the dependent variables involved the cumulative release after 2, 6, and 12 h, and the linear correlation coefficient of cumulative release curve. Design-expert software was used to fit multivariate linear models and quadratic multinomial models for experimental data. Response surface was delineated according to best-fit mathematic models and the optimum formulation was selected by Numerical Optimization. Results: The correlation coefficients of quadratic multinomial models were better than those of multivariate linear models. There was close agreement between the observed and predicted values for the cumulative release, and bias were all less than 5%. Conclusion: The model established by Design-expert Software is better to predict and could be used to optimize the formulations of microporosity osmotic pump controlled release tablets of solid dispersion for TFDS.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the influence of climate, geographical environment and harvesting time on contents of schaftoside in Desmodium styracifolium Herba. Methods Content of schaftoside in Desmodium styracifolium Herba was determined by using HPLC. ODS-C18 column (4. 6 mmí250 mm,5 μm) was used, the mobile phase was methanol-water (3268), the detection wavelength was 272 nm, the flow rate was 0. 5 mL·min-1, and the column temperature was 35℃. Results The climate type, amount of precipitation, average temperature, duration of sunshine, geographical environment of different province had significant impacts on the content of schaftoside in Desmodium styracifolium Herba. Conclusion Subtropical monsoon climate, temperature from 25 ℃ to 32 ℃, sunshine time of 10 h per day and the average annual rainfall of 1 942 mm are suitable for growth of Desmodium styracifolium. The content of schaftoside in samples cultivated from Guangxi Province is higher than that cultivated from Guangdong Province and Hainan Province. The schaftoside content of sample cultivated in July is higher than that cultivated in other months.
ABSTRACT
The present investigation was aimed to study an anticonvulsant activity of aqueous extract of Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC., Fabaceae, in mice. Animal models of epilepsy namely the pentylenetetrazole, and maximal electroshock induced convulsion were used to evaluate the anticonvulsant effects of the extracts. The biochemical estimation was done by measuring the lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione. In the pentylenetetrazole induced convulsion, aqueous extract of D. triflorum 800 mg/kg significant delayed the onset of convulsion, reduced the duration of convulsion (p<0.05) and reduced mortality. The aqueous extract of D. triflorum 800 mg/kg dose reduced hind limb tonic extension phase of maximal electroshock induced convulsion induced convulsion in mice (p<0.05). The pretreated aqueous extract of D. triflorum showed significant inhibition of lipid peroxidation and increases the reduced glutathione level in mice brain tissue (p<0.001). The results revealed that D. triflorum possesses a significant dose dependent anticonvulsant activity.
ABSTRACT
Effects of ethanolic extract of Desmodium pulchellum Benth. (Fabaceae) barks on alloxan-induced diabetic rats were investigated. In diabetic rats, blood glucose levels were reduced by 18.64 – 34.04 % on consumption of the extracts, with greater effect exhibited by the 1000mg/kg extract whereas in Glibenclamide treated diabetic rats, blood glucose levels were reduced upto 73.55%. The results suggested ethanolic extract of barks may contribute to the reduction of blood glucose levels and can be useful in the management of diabetes. The acute oral toxicity showed that the ethanolic extract of D. pulchellum barks was safe until 4000mg/kg body weight and no macroscopical organ abnormalities were observed in acute oral models. The investigations on Albino (Wistar) rats at dosage of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of D. pulchellum barks were made for anitiinflammatory action by using carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellete granuloma technique. The results of the study suggested significant dose dependent activity of extracts as compared to control group for both acute and chronic inflammation.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the medicinal importance of the stem of Desmodium elegans, methanolic extract, and its different solvent fractions were evaluated for brine shrimp lethality, insecticidal and phytotoxicity, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. Methods:The methanolic extract and its solvent fractions were tested for cytotoxic, phytotoxic, insecticidal, antifungal, and antibacterial effects using our previous published protocols. Results:The methanolic, DCM, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions exhibited insecticidal effect against Callosobruchus analis and Rhyzopertha dominic. The methanolic extract, n-hexane, DCM ethyl acetate and n-butanol showed 75, 85, 85, 65 and 5%phytotoxicity at the tested concentration of 500μg/mL respectively. The solvent fractions (DCM and ethyl acetate) were effective against F. solani (10%and 20%inhibition respectively). All the tested samples were devoid of cytotoxic and antibacterial effects. Conclusions:It was concluded that this plant can be practiced for control of weeds and insects.
ABSTRACT
In the present study, the ethanolic root extract of Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC., Fabaceae, (EDG), have been studied in various acute and chronic ulcer mouse models. Oral administration of root extract, significantly decrease the ulcer index and lesion number in a dose dependent manner against ethanol induced acute gastric ulcer in mice. In gastric ulcerated animal that received high dose of 150 mg/kg EDG, the mucosa showed no ulceration with slight focal congestion and the glands appeared normal. Pylorus ligated mice, pretreated with EDG showed significant decrease in ulcerous activity under chronic condition. The highest dose (150 mg/kg) of the extract provoked a marked increase in protein and glutathione levels, when compare to control. Furthermore, gastric juice, free acidity and total acid output were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner at p<0.05 level. Our results indicate that the EDG possess gastroprotective activity and increasing regeneration of damaged gastric mucosa and thus safe for human use.
ABSTRACT
The present investigation was aimed to study an anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC., Fabaceae, in mice. Animal models of epilepsy namely the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), isoniazid or isonicotinic hydrazide (INH) and maximal electroshock induced convulsion (MES) were used to evaluate the anticonvulsant effects of the extracts. The biochemical estimation was done by measuring the lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione (GSH). In the PTZ induced convulsion, ethanolic extract of D. triflorum (EEDT) 400 mg/kg significant delayed the onset of convulsion, reduced the duration of convulsion and reduced mortality. Similarly a dose of 800 mg/kg of EDDT significantly delayed the onset of convulsion, reduced the duration of convulsion and showed 33.33% protection in mice against INH induced convulsion. Further no mortality was found. Both the doses reduced hind limb tonic extension (HLTE) phase of MES induced convulsion in mice. The pretreated EEDT showed significant inhibition of lipid peroxidation and increases the reduced glutathione level in mice brain tissue. The results revealed that D. triflorum possesses a significant dose dependent anticonvulsant activity.