ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar la prevalência y los factores determinantes fundamentales de la hipertensión arterial, en la población venezolana. Métodos Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed y LILACS. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: HTA, Venezuela y riesgos. Se escogieron artículos publicados en cualquier idioma, sin límite de tiempo. Resultados Se encontraron 90 artículos de los cuales 20 cumplieron con los criterios. La mayoría de la data proviene de estudios realizados en la región central del país. La prevalencia del HTA encontrada en la zona rural es de 33 %; en la zona urbana oscila entre 24 y 31 %; en niños 2,5 %. Los trabajos evidenciaron que los factores determinantes modificables son la obesidad y las dislipidemias. En cuanto a los no modificables se encuentran los antecedentes familiares, la raza y la edad. Conclusiones No hay datos suficientes para establecer la prevalencia de la enfermedad en Venezuela, ni conocer cuáles son sus factores determinantes de manera global. Se recomienda incentivar estudios multicéntricos de prevalencia que comprendan la totalidad del país. Los estudios deben ser regulares en el tiempo (estudios longitudinales) para describir el aumento o no de la prevalencia.(AU)
ABSTRACT Objective To determine the prevalence and determinants of arterial hypertension in the Venezuelan population. Methods A systematic review of the literature was performed in the PubMed and LILACS databases. The inclusion criteria were hypertension, Venezuela and risks. Articles published in any language were chosen, with no time limit. Results Out of 90 articles found during the search, only 20 met the inclusion criteria. Most of the data come from studies conducted in the central region of the country. The prevalence of hypertension found in the rural area is 33 %, while it oscillates between 24 and 31 % in the urban area, and 2.5 % in children. The studies showed that modifiable determining factors include obesity and dyslipidemias. In turn, non-modifiable factors include family history, race and age. Conclusions Data are insufficient to establish the prevalence of the disease in Venezuela and its determinants. It is recommended to encourage multicenter prevalence studies that cover the entire country. Studies should be regularly done over time (longitudinal studies) to describe the increase or not in prevalence.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Dyslipidemias/etiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Obesity/etiology , Venezuela/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
La presente investigación se desarrolló con objetivo de determinar la prevalencia del incumplimiento o no adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico y la asociación de ésta con los factores determinantes intrínsecos y extrínsecos de pacientes con tuberculosis del Centro de Salud Manuela Beltrán. La adherencia terapéutica se determinó por medio del test validado de Morisky-Greem-Levine y la asociación mediante el test chi-cuadrado de independencia y test exacto de Fisher, los factores considerados estadísticamente significativas fueron aquellos que presentaron un valor p<0,05. El incumplimiento terapéutico de los pacientes fue del 81,8% (IC95% 70 - 94%). De los factores, los únicos que tuvieron una asociación estadísticamente significativa fueron los relacionados con el equipo de asistencia sanitaria, entre estos las recomendaciones sobre el tratamiento farmacológico entregadas por el servicio farmacéutico y la receptividad del médico tratante respecto a las dudas y comentarios del paciente (valor de p de 0,029 y 0,004, respectivamente). La prevalencia del incumplimiento de la terapia farmacológica de los pacientes, fue muy elevada y los factores asociados relacionados con la atención y la calidad de los servicios prestados por el equipo de salud impactan en la motivación, confianza y uso del tratamiento farmacológico.
This research was developed with aim to determine the prevalence of non-compliance or non-adherence to drug treatment and the latter's association with the intrinsic and extrinsic determinants of tuberculosis patients of the Health Center Manuela Beltrán. Adherence was determined by validated Morisky-Greem-Levine test and the association by chi - square test of independence and Fisher exact test, the factors considered statistically significant were those that had a p-value < 0.05. Therapeutic failure patients was 81.8 % (95% CI 70-94 %). Of the factors that were the only statistically significant associations were related to the health care team, including these recommendations on drug treatment service delivered by the pharmacist and physician receptivity regard to patient questions and comments (p-value of 0.029 and 0.004, respectively). The prevalence of non-compliance with drug therapy of patients was very high and associated factors related to care and quality of services provided by the health team impact the motivation, confidence and use of pharmacotherapy.
ABSTRACT
El consumo de cigarrillos en adolescentes es un importante problema de salud en Chile, sin embargo poco se sabe sobre los determinantes en esta población. En este estudio se examinaron los predictores de diferentes niveles de consumo de cigarrillos en adolescentes chilenos usando la base de datos de la Encuesta Mundial de Tabaquismo Juvenil que incluyó a 8.258 adolescentes. Los resultados muestran que las creencias sobre el atractivo físico de los fumadores, la influencia de los amigos y la facilidad de acceso a los cigarrillos, predicen todos los niveles de consumo. Se encontraron diferencias en la influencia de las creencias sobre los efectos de los cigarrillos en la salud, la influencia de amistades que fuman y de la familia dependiendo de cómo se evalúa consumo de cigarrillos. Estos resultados sugieren que los predictores de consumo en adolescentes difieren dependiendo del nivel de consumo y por lo tanto para comprender en cabalidad este problema es necesario evaluar los distintos niveles de consumo.
Cigarette use is a major health problem among adolescents in Chile, but little is known about the determinants of use in this population. In this study, the predictors of different levels of cigarette smoking in Chilean adolescents were, examined using data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey which included 8.258 adolescents. The findings suggest that beliefs about physical attractiveness of smokers, the influence of friends and the easy access to cigarettes, predict all levels of consumption. Differences were found differences in the influence of beliefs about health effects, friends who smoke and family influences depending on how smoking is assessed. These results suggest that predictors of cigarette use among adolescents differ depending on the level of use and therefore to further understanding of this problem, it is necessary to examine the different levels of use.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Adolescent Behavior , Smoking/psychology , Attitude to Health , Chile , Imitative Behavior , Cross-Sectional Studies , Precipitating FactorsABSTRACT
O dengue apresenta-se nos grandes centros urbanos de várias regiões do mundo, inclusive do Brasil, sob a forma de epidemias de grande magnitude, e sob a forma hiperendêmica, nos lugares onde um ou mais sorotipos circularam anteriormente. Mesmo considerando-se as lacunas dos conhecimentos disponíveis para prever, sob firmes bases científicas, as futuras ocorrências de epidemias das formas graves desta enfermidade, a atual situação epidemiológica e entomológica de extensas áreas de vários continentes evidencia grandes possibilidades para agravamento do cenário atual, pois os fatores que determinam a reemergência destas infecções são difíceis de serem eliminados. O acompanhamento da atual situação de circulação dos quatro sorotipos dos vírus do dengue e o conhecimento das dificuldades que estão sendo enfrentadas para impedir a ocorrência destas infecções e do risco potencial do reflexo destes acontecimentos para a população são fundamentais para que dirigentes e profissionais da rede de serviços do SUS possam discutir, posicionar-se e orientar suas estratégias de intervenção neste campo. Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão dos fatores determinantes destas infecções, assim como apresentar e discutir as medidas de prevenção disponíveis, apontando algumas reflexões úteis para o debate
In the past years dengue has been present in epidemic or endemic form in a large number of urban centers worldwide. The epidemiologic and entomological situation found in those centers, the technical difficulties or the lack of political determination to change the situation as well as the gaps in the knowledge to predict on scientifical basis new epidemics of the severe form of dengue, are evidences of the potential to increase the occurence of dengue and, in special, the hemorragic dengue fever in the near future. The surveillance of the occurrence and spread of each of the four serotypes of the dengue virus, the problems related with its control and the potential risks to the population are fundamental to generate informations to increase the competence of professionals and managers of the health network of the Unified Health System (SUS) to discuss and take positions towards the strategies of intervention to tackle this problem. The aim of this article is present a commented review of the determinant factors of those infections and to discuss the available preventive measures calling attention to some useful reflections for debate