Ultrasonographic findings of child acute appendicitis incorporated into a scoring system

INTRODUCTION@#This study aimed to investigate the ultrasonographic features of paediatric acute appendicitis and incorporate them into a scoring algorithm that will quantify the risk of complications and the strength of recommendation for surgical intervention.@*METHODS@#179 patients with suspected appendicitis who had undergone ultrasonographic examination were included in this study. Based on their medical evaluation and post-surgical histopathological results, patients were categorised into confirmed appendicitis (n = 101) and non-appendicitis (n = 78) groups.@*RESULTS@#In the appendicitis group, the appendix was visualised in 66 (65.3%) patients. In cases where the appendix was not visualised, we looked out for secondary inflammatory signs, which were present in 32 (31.7%) patients. Using stepwise logistic regression, Blumberg's sign, free fluid or collection, hyperaemia, non-compressible appendix and an appendix diameter > 7 mm were found to be significant predictive factors for appendicitis. A new scoring system called POPs was developed, combining inflammatory predictors and ultrasonography findings, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.958 (95% confidence interval 0.929-0.986).@*CONCLUSION@#The newly developed POPs-based diagnosis scheme proved a promising alternative to existing scoring systems such as the Alvarado score. Although further calibration would be beneficial, the proposed scoring scheme is simple and easy to understand, memorise and apply in the emergency room.

Descriptive Study for Sonographic Morphology of the 1st Facet of Subscapularis Footprint / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to document the sonographic morphology of the subscapularis footprint, particularly the 1st facet, of the non-pathologic subscapularis tendon and footprint, and analyze the correlation between the size of the 1st facet and the demographic variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2015 and December 2017, retrospectively data analysis was performed for the ultrasound (US) scans of 115 consecutive shoulder (mean age 53.4 years, range 23–74 years) with non-pathologic subscapularis tendon and footprint. The sonographic findings of the 1st facet of the subscapularis footprint was a very unique, flat, broad, and plane angle in the upward direction, which were distinguished from the other facets. On US, the transverse (medio-lateral) and longitudinal (superior-inferior) length of the 1st facet on axis of the humerus shaft were recorded. The demographic variables, including age, site, body height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and arm length, were reviewed. RESULTS: On US, the mean transverse length of the 1st facet was 12.75 mm (range 10.54–14.50 mm, standard deviation [SD] 0.712) and the mean longitudinal length was 12.22 mm (range 9.20–13.30 mm, SD 0.888). The transverse and longitudinal length of the size of the 1st facet were significantly greater in males than in females (p<0.001, p=0.001). Of the demographic data (body height, weight, BMI, arm length) that showed a significant positive linear correlation, the correlation with body height (transverse r=0.749, p<0.001; longitudinal r=0.642, p<0.001) showed the strongest relationship, and the correlation with the BMI was weakly related. The relationships between the size of the 1st facet to site/age were not statistically significant or appeared to have no linear correlation. CONCLUSION: The structural and morphologic features of the 1st facet of the subscapularis footprint on the US were identified. This will provide anatomic knowledge of an US examination for subscapularis tendon pathology.

The Effectiveness of Fine-Needle Aspiration Conducted by The Otolaryngologists / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effectiveness of fine needle aspiration (FNA) conducted by the otolaryngologists, we compared the ultrasound (US)-guided FNA results conducted by a radiologist (RD-US), the US-guided FNA results (ENT-US), and the palpation guided FNA results (ENT-palpation) conducted by an otolaryngologist. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: 1646 patients who underwent FNA were classified according to the site and periods of investigation (2007-2015), and their sampling adequacy was retrospectively reviewed. They were also divided into three groups (ENT-US, ENT-palpation, and RD-US); each group was then investigated for sampling adequacy. Results of further surgical excisional biopsy were compared with the those of the FNA results to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of all three groups. RESULTS: The sampling adequacy identified by the groups showed the result of ENT-US at 87.9%, ENT-palpation at 87.1% and RD-US at 91.3%. The periodical inadequacy rate failed to show any significant differences between the groups. The sensitivity of ENT-palpation was lower than other two groups. Diagnostic accuracy identified by the groups showed the result of ENT-US at 95.2%, ENT-palpation at 93.6%, and RD-US at 97.4%. CONCLUSION: FNA performed by otolaryngologists demonstrates the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment, and that doing so would improve economic efficiency. Therefore, it is recommended that well-trained otolaryngologists conduct FNA actively.

Ultrasound diagnosis of malaria: examination of the spleen, liver, and optic nerve sheath diameter / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

@#BACKGROUND: Over 90％ of all cases of malaria worldwide occur in Africa. Current methods of diagnosis are time and labor intensive, and could lead to delayed treatment. METHODS: In this study we investigated the effectiveness of measurements of spleen, liver, and optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in identifying patients with malaria or severe malaria through the use of hand-held ultrasound devices. We recruited 40 adult patients with malaria and 16 adult control subjects at two hospitals in Mwanza, Tanzania. Ultrasonographic diagnosis was compared with rapid antigen diagnostic test and peripheral blood smear as the gold standards. An receiver operating characteristic curve test was performed to determine the most optimal diagnostic threshold for malaria and severe malaria, using each of the measurements for liver size, spleen size, and ONSD. The thresholds were determined to be >12 cm for spleen length and >15.1 cm for liver length, whereas ONSD was not significant in this study. RESULTS: The sensitivities for malaria diagnosis were 66.7％ and 58.3％ for liver and spleen length respectively, suggesting that these measurements may not be suitable for identifying patients with severe malaria. However, the high specificity of 90.9％ for spleen length and the acceptable specificity of 75.0％ for liver length suggest that these measurements can be used as a method to eliminate false-positive diagnoses (i.e. patients who do not have severe malaria but are classified as having it by a test with a high sensitivity), giving a high positive predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: We report a high specificity for spleen size and a moderate specificity for liver size in the ultrasonographic diagnosis of severe malaria. Thus when paired with a highly sensitive method of malaria diagnosis, ultrasonographic measurement of spleen and liver size is promising as part of a diagnostic algorithm for malaria. It could be used to stratify risk in patients diagnosed with malaria and assist in their triage. If no sensitive tests are available, ultrasound might be useful to suggest malaria as a cause of a patient's constellation of clinical symptoms.

Correspondencia de las indicaciones ultrasonográficas con los hallazgos obtenidos en el servicio de Ultrasonido diagnóstico / Association of ultrasonographic prescription and findings at the diagnostic ultrasound service

Desde el advenimiento del Ultrasonido como medio diagnóstico en la Atención Primaria de Salud, ha existido un incremento del número de pacientes con indicaciones médicas ultrasonográficas sin una justificación médica corroborada por el método clínico. Objetivo: identificar la correspondencia de los datos de las indicaciones de los estudios ultrasonográficos con los hallazgos obtenidos en el período 2010-2011. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva de corte transversal, el universo fue de 6777 pacientes atendidos en el servicio en el periodo de estudio. Se estudiaron las variables: justificación de la indicación, datos clínicos, examen físico, impresión diagnóstica, evaluación de la indicación y el diagnóstico ultrasonográfico. Resultados: el 71,9 % de las indicaciones en el 2do semestre del 2010 fueron realizadas por el médico de familia de forma incompleta, mientras en el primer semestre del 2011 fue de un 87,6 %. Las dificultades principales en ambos periodos fueron la no presencia del resultado del examen físico en la indicación. Los diagnósticos fundamentales fueron el cálculo de peso en los ultrasonidos obstétricos, el diagnóstico de embrazo y el Mioma uterino. Conclusiones: los médicos de familia son los que más indicaciones ultrasonográficas realizan, y de ellas un porciento importante con datos incompletos....

Since the advent of ultrasound as diagnostic means in the primary health care, there has been an increase in the number of patients who are indicated ultrasonographic testing with no medical rationale proved by the clinical method. Objective: to find out the association of ultrasonographic study prescriptions and findings in the 2010-2011 period. Methods: cross-sectional descriptive research study on 6777 patients who received this service in the above-mentioned period. The variables were ultrasound prescription rationale, clinical data, physical exam, diagnostic print, indication assessment and ultrasonographic diagnosis. Results: in the second semester of 2010, 71.9% of ultrasonographic indications made by the family physicians were incomplete whereas this figure amounted to 87.6% in the first semester of 2011. The main difficulty in both periods was absence of the physical exam result in the ultrasound prescription. The fundamental diagnoses were weight estimation in obstetric ultrasounds, pregnancy detection and uterine myoma. Conclusions: family physicians are the ones who prescribe more ultrasound testings and a significant percentage of them show incomplete data...

Uso del servicio de ultrasonido diagnóstico en el policlínico Tomás Romay del Municipio Habana Vieja / Use of diagnostic ultrasound service in "Tomas Romay" polyclinics in Habana Vieja municipality

Introducción: el ultrasonido se ha convertido en una importante herramienta para los médicos generales integrales, obstetras, radiólogos y otros. Como parte de la formación de los especialistas es de vital importancia el entrenamiento en el uso y manejo del ultrasonido, como complemento para corroborar el diagnóstico. Objetivo: describir el uso del servicio de ultrasonido diagnóstico una vez llevado a cabo el proceso de reorganización, compactación y regionalización de los servicios en el Policlínico Tomás Romay del Municipio La Habana Vieja en el segundo semestre del 2010 y el primer semestre del 2011. Método: se realizó una investigación descriptiva de corte transversal, el universo fue de 6777 pacientes atendidos. Se estudiaron las variables: edad, sexo, cantidad de ultrasonidos realizados, profesional que realiza la indicación, tipos de ultrasonidos realizados e Índice de positividad. Resultados: en el servicio de ultrasonido del policlínico fueron atendidos un número elevado de pacientes en el periodo de estudio, con predominio del sexo femenino en las edades comprendidas entre 20 y 50 años, el estudio más solicitado fue el ultrasonido ginecológico; los médicos de familia fueron los que más indicaciones realizaron. El índice de negatividad fue superior al de positividad. Conclusiones: El uso del servicio de ultrasonografía en los periodos antes y después de la reorganización, compactación y regionalización de los servicios en el sistema nacional de salud, se comportan de forma similar en ambos semestres, con predominio del índice de negatividad.

Introduction: ultrasound has turned into a fundamental tool for general integral physicians, obstetricians, radiologists and other specialists. As part of the medical formation, it is vital to give training in the use and management of the ultrasound technique to confirm diagnosis. Objective: to describe the use of diagnostic ultrasound service after the process of reorganization, consolidation and regionalization of services in "Tomas Roig" polyclinics in La Habana Vieja municipality during the second semester of 2010 and the first semester of 2011. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional research study was made and the universe of study was 6777 patients. The study variables were age, sex, number of ultrasound tests, category of professional who indicated the test, types of ultrasound and positivity rate. Results: the ultrasound service of the polyclinics took care of a high number of patients in the aforementioned period, being 20 to 50 years-old females predominant. The most requested type was gynecological ultrasound whereas the family physicians were those professionals who mostly indicated it. Negative result index was higher than the positive one. Conclusions: the use of ultrasonography service in the periods before and after the reorganization, consolidation and regionalization of services in the national health system showed similar behavior in both semesters, being negative results preponderant.

Litiasis vesical gigante / Giant bladder calculus

Las litiasis vesicales de gran tamaño son infrecuentes. Se manifiestan clínicamente por sepsis urinaria a repetición, polaquiuria y estranguria. Se presenta un nuevo caso de litiasis vesical gigante, así como aspectos de su diagnóstico y tratamiento. La paciente de 64 años de edad, asistió a la consulta y refirió padecer de infecciones urinarias reiteradas, incontinencia por urgencia miccional y dolor posmiccional en hipogastrio y uretra. Tenía el antecedente de haber sido operada, siete meses atrás, de un prolapso uterino total por vía vaginal. En el cultivo de orina se aisló Escherichia coli y, en el ultrasonido abdominal, se detectó una litiasis vesical de gran tamaño, la cual se confirmó en la radiografía simple de la pelvis. Se le realizó la cistolitotomía retropúbica, extrayéndose una litiasis de 9 x 6 x 5 cm de tamaño y 186 g de peso. La paciente evolucionó favorablemente con la desaparición total de los síntomas. La litiasis vesical gigante es rara, pero se debe sospechar en pacientes con síntomas urinarios sépticos e irritativos bajos persistentes. El ultrasonido del tracto urinario y la radiografía simple de la pelvis, son suficientes para establecer el diagnóstico de certeza. La cistolitotomía continúa siendo el tratamiento de elección de esta afección.

Giant bladder calculi are uncommon. Their clinical manifestations are recurrent urinary sepsis, polachiuria and strangury. A new case is presented of giant bladder calculus, as well as aspects of its diagnosis and treatment. A 64-year-old female patient attended consultation and stated that she suffered from recurrent urinary infection, urinary urgency incontinence and hypogastric and urethral post-miction pain. Seven months before she had undergone surgery for total uterine prolapse via the vagina. Escherichia coli was isolated from the urine culture, and abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large bladder calculus, which was confirmed by simple pelvic radiography. Retropubic cystolithotomy resulted in the removal of a 9 x 6 x 5 cm, 186 g calculus. The patient evolved favorably with total disappearance of all symptoms. Giant bladder calculus is a rare condition which should be suspected in patients with persistent irritative symptoms of lower urinary sepsis. Urinary-tract ultrasonography and simple pelvic radiography are sufficient to establish the certainty diagnosis. Cystolithotomy continues to be the treatment of choice for this condition.

Hipoplasia de cavidades izquierdas en un feto / Left heart hypoplasia in a fetus

Se presenta el caso clínico de una gestante de 30 años de edad con antecedentes de captación tardía a las 20 semanas de gravidez, por lo que no se le realizaron la alfa-fetoproteína y la ecografía del primer trimestre. Posteriormente, se le efectuó la pesquisa ultrasonográfica del segundo trimestre en el Hospital General "Alberto Fernández Montes de Oca" del municipio de San Luis en Santiago de Cuba y se observó un embarazo gemelar bicoriónico biamniótico y la presencia de una anomalía en uno de los fetos: hipoplasia de las cavidades cardíacas izquierdas, cuyo diagnóstico fue confirmado a través de una ecocardiografía fetal en el Cardiocentro de esta provincia.

The case of a 30 year-old pregnant woman with history of first prenatal visit at 20 weeks of pregnancy is reported, reason why alpha fetoprotein test and ultrasound of the first trimester were not made. Subsequently, ultrasound scan of the second trimester was performed at "Alberto Fernández Montes de Oca" General Hospital of San Luis municipality in Santiago de Cuba, and a bichorionic biamniotic twin pregnancy and the presence of an anomaly in one fetus were found: hypoplasia of the left heart, diagnosis of which was confirmed through a fetal ultrasound at the Heart Center of this province.

Exploración ecográfica al pie de patinadores / Echographic screening in the skater's foot

INTRODUCCIËN: La confluencia de factores que provocan la fricción del patín sobre ciertas áreas de los pies de patinadores durante sus entrenamientos ocasiona lesiones nodulares. OBJETIVO: Explorar y describir características imagenológicas de estas excrecencias circunscritas que se presentan en los pies de patinadores como consecuencia del sobreuso deportivo. MÉTODOS: Se realizó estudio transversal y descriptivo en 100 jóvenes masculinos no deportistas (controles) y en los 15 integrantes de la Preselección Cubana de Patinaje de carrera en abril de 2009 (10 varones y 5 hembras), todos con más de diez años de práctica deportiva sistemática. Se les realizó examen ecográfico diagnóstico en el Instituto de Medicina Deportiva para evaluar el estado de las estructuras articulares y periarticulares de esta región y los datos se procesaron mediante estadística descriptiva. RESULTADOS: Se verificaron distorsiones ecográficas en el 100 por ciento de los deportistas evaluados caracterizadas fundamentalmente por: engrosamiento dérmico circunscrito (100 por ciento), tendinitis (33,3 por ciento) y exostosis bursata (20 por ciento); manifestaciones todas incluidas en una afección que los autores identificaron como el pie del patinador cuya expresión clínica externa lo constituye la presencia de nódulos de localización retrocalcánea, región dorsal y/o medial del pie. CONCLUSIONES: El pie del patinador puede constituir una entidad nosológica que tiene sustento imagenológico y que se relaciona con la fricción directa y sistemática del patín, propia de este deporte y que no solo afecta la piel de los pies de los patinadores sino que puede interferir con el entrenamiento o competencia por la asociación con otras lesiones

INTRODUCTION: The convergence of factors leading to skate friction on some areas of skater's feet during trainings provoke nodular injuries. OBJECTIVES: To explore and to describe the imaging features of these circumscribed excrecences present in the skater's feet as consequence of sports overuse. METHODS: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in 100 young no-sportsmen (controls) and in the 15 members of the Cuban Pre-Selection of speed Skating in April, 2009 (10 boys and 5 girls), all of them with more than 10 years of systematic sports practice. Then underwent a diagnostic echographic examination in the Institute of Sports Medicine to assess the condition of articular and periarticular structures of this area and data were processed by descriptive statistics. RESULTS: There were demonstrated echographic distortions in 100 percent of assessed sportsmen, mainly due to: circumscribed dermic thickening (100 percent), tendonitis (33,3 percent) and exostosis bursata (20 percent), manifestations included in an affection identified by authors as skater foot whose external clinical expression is the presence of retrocalcaneal nodules, dorsal and/or foot medial region. CONCLUSIONS: The skater's foot may be a disease entity with an imaging support and is related to direct and systematic friction of skate, characteristic of this sport and that not only involve the teeth's skin but it may to interfere with treatment or competence due to its association with other injuries

Caracterización de pacientes con adenocarcinoma renal / Characterization of patients with renal adenocarcinoma

Introducción: el adenocarcinoma renal se considera una de las neoplasias más letales entre los cánceres urológicos. Objetivo: caracterizar a los pacientes atendidos por adenocarcinoma renal, con énfasis en aspectos del diagnóstico, el tratamiento y el pronóstico de vida. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de los pacientes atendidos por adenocarcinoma renal, desde enero de 1996 hasta diciembre de 2005. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, síntomas y signos, estudios imaginológicos, tamaño de la lesión/estadio tumoral, modalidades terapéuticas empleadas, complicaciones derivadas de estas y la sobrevida a los 5 años del tratamiento. Resultados: en la serie de 94 pacientes prevaleció el grupo de edad de 50-59 años con 41 pacientes (43,6 por ciento); el sexo masculino fue el más afectado con 66 casos (70,2 por ciento); preponderó el diagnóstico incidental en 46 pacientes (48, 9 por ciento); el ultrasonido se empleó en la totalidad de los casos y fue positivo en el 98,9 por ciento; predominaron las lesiones en el estadio I en 49 pacientes (52,1 por ciento); la modalidad terapéutica más empleada fue el tratamiento quirúrgico en 88 pacientes (93,6 por ciento) y de esta, la nefrectomía por vía lumbar se le practicó a 59 pacientes (67,0 por ciento). El 69,3 por ciento de los pacientes no tuvo complicaciones. La sobrevida a los 5 años fue de 97,9 por ciento. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico incidental del adenocarcinoma renal se favorece por la pesquisa en grupos de riesgo, sintomáticos o no, con el empleo del ultrasonido abdominal. Esto trae aparejado el tratamiento quirúrgico oportuno en estadios precoces y la mejoría significativa del pronóstico de vida

Introduction: the renal adenocarcinoma is considered as one of the more lethal neoplasias among urologic cancers. Objective: to characterize the patients treated due to renal adenocarcinoma emphasizing the diagnostic features, the treatment and the life prognosis. Methods: a descriptive study was conducted of patients cared due to renal adenocarcinoma from January, 1996 to December, 2005. Study variables included: age, sex, symptoms and signs, imaging studies, lesion size/tumor stage, therapeutical modalities used, complications derived from these and survival at 5 years of treatment. Results: in series of 94 patients there was predominance of 50-59 age group with 41 patients (43.6 percent); the male sex was the more involved one with 66 cases (70.2 percent) as well as the incidental diagnosis in 46 patients (48.9 percent; ultrasound (US) was used in all the cases and it was positive in the 98.9 percent and predominance of stage I lesions in 49 patients (52.1 percent); the more used therapeutical modality was the surgery in 88 patients (93.6 percent) including the lumbar route nephrectomy carried out in 59 patients (67.0 percent). The 69.3 percent of patients have not complications. The 5-years survival was of 97.9 percent. Conclusions: the incidental diagnosis of renal adenocarcinoma is favored by the screening in risk groups, symptomatic or not, using the abdominal US. This is linked with a timely surgical treatment in early stages and the significant improvement of life prognosis

«El pie del taekwondista¼:: exploración ecográfica a taekwondistas de la preselección nacional cubana / The tae kwon do athlete’s foot:: echographic exploration in Cuban National Selection athletes of this discipline / “Pied du taekwondoïste”, exploration échographique aux membres de l'équipe national cubain de taekwondo

INTRODUCCIÓN. La anamnesis, el examen físico y las radiografías convencionales aportan información limitada sobre las lesiones agudas, subagudas y crónicas frecuentes en los taekwondistas. Por su inocuidad, relativo bajo costo y elevada resolución, la ecografía constituye un método valioso de exploración imagenológica complementaria. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue describir las lesiones que se presentan en las estructuras articulares y periarticulares de los pies y tobillos de los taekwondistas. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio transversal y descriptivo en 100 jóvenes no deportistas (controles) y en los 20 integrantes de la preselección cubana masculina de taekwondo. Se les realizó exploración ecográfica diagnóstica de los pies y tobillos según la metodología del laboratorio de imagenología del Instituto de Medicina Deportiva. Los datos se procesaron mediante estadística descriptiva. RESULTADOS. En el 95 % de los deportistas evaluados se verificaron distorsiones en la ecoestructura de esta región anatómica, caracterizadas por la presencia de calcificaciones heterotópicas y cambios osteoartríticos en la región dorsal del pie, hallazgos que indican cambios degenerativos precoces y que los autores denominaron pie del taekwondista. CONCLUSIONES. El «pie del taekwondista¼ puede constituir una nueva entidad clínico-imagenológica de «sobreuso¼ deportivo, relacionada con los traumatismos directos y sistemáticos propios de este deporte. Los cambios degenerativos de las articulaciones intertarsianas y tarsometatarsianas de estos deportistas pueden interferir en su calidad de vida futura, por lo que se recomienda profundizar este estudio para sustentar mejor los resultados.

INTRODUCTION: The anamnesis, the physical examination and conventional radiographies provide limited information on acute, subacute and chronic injuries frequent in the tae knon do athletes. Due to its harmlessness, relative low cost and high resolution, echography is a value method of complementary imaging exploration. The aim of present paper is to describe the injuries present in articular and periarticular structures of feet and ankles of tae know doe athletes. METHODS: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in 100 non-sportsman young peoples (control) and in the 20 members of tae knon do male Cuban short list. They underwent diagnostic echographic exploration of feet and ankles according to methodology of imaging laboratory from Sports Medicine Institute. Data were processed by descriptive statistic. RESULTS: In the 95% of sportsmen evaluated there were distortions in ecostructure of this anatomic area, characterized by presence of heterotopic calcifications and osteoarthritis changes in foot dorsal area, findings suggesting the presence of early degenerative alterations called by authors as “tae know do athlete foot”. CONCLUSIONS: The “tae know do athlete foot” may be a new clinical-imaging entity of sports “overuse”, related to direct and systemic traumata own of this sport. The degenerative changes of the intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints of these sportsmen may to interfere with their future quality of life, thus it is recommended to deepen in this study to support better results.

INTRODUCTION. L'anamnèse, l'examen physique et les radiographies conventionnelles apportent assez peu d'information sur les fréquentes lésions aiguës, sous-aiguës et croniques des taekwondoïstes. L'échographie, étant inoffensive, relativement bon-marché et de haute résolution, constitue une méthode precieuse d'exploration complémentaire basée sur l'imagerie médicale. Le but de cette étude est de décrire les lésions localisées au niveau des structures articulaires et périarticulaires des pieds et des chevilles des taekwondoïstes. MÉTHODES. Une étude transversale et descriptive a été réalisée dans un groupe-contrôle de 100 jeunes non-sportifs et dans l'équipe nationale masculine de taekwondo de Cuba de 20 membres. Ils ont été l'object d'une exploration échographique diagnostique des pieds et des chevilles conformément à la méthodologie du laboratoire d'imagerie médicale de l'Institut de médecine du sport. Les données ont été traitées par statistique descriptive. RÉSULTATS. Des distorsions de l'écho-structure de cette région anatomique, caracterisées par la présence de calcifications hétérotopiques et de changements ostéo-arthritiques au niveau de la région dorsale du pied, ont été constatées dans 95% des atlètes. Ces observations indiquant des changements dégénératifs précoces sont nommées par les auteurs pied du taekwondoïste. CONCLUSIONS. Le “pied du taekwondoïste” peut constituer une nouvelle entité clinique causée par une “ pratique excessive” du sport, et associée aux traumatismes directs et systématiques propres de ce sport. Les changements dégénératifs des articulations intertarsiennes et tarso-métatarsiennes de ces atlètes peuvent influer sur la qualité de leur vie future, c'est pourquoi il est conseillé d'approfondir dans cette étude afin de mieux soutenir les résultats.

Effect on Nervous Tissue and Anaphase Diagnostic Ultrasound in Early Pregnancy / 医学研究杂志

Objective To assess the diagnosis safety by detecting the biological character of prenatal fetus rats’nervous tissue exposed to diagnostic ultrasound during earlier period. Methods Cell culture, morphology examining, cell proliferation curve measurement and flow cytometry detection were adopted. Results ①After morphology examining, there are no difference between the treated group and control group. ② We can see from the growth curve, the two groups has identical growth tendency. ③Through flow cytometry detection, results show that there are no significance between two groups. Conclusion Diagnostic ultrasound in early pregnancy have no significant effect on prenatal fetus rats’nervous tissue.

DETECTION OF STRAND BREAKS OF DNA IN HUMAN EARLY CHORIONIC VILLUS CELLS INDUCED BY DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND USING 32p-LABELED ALU HYBRIDIZATION / 药物分析学报

Objective To explore if strand breaks of DNA in human early chorionic villus cells in uterus were induced by diagnostic ultrasound and to evaluate the method used for detection of single-stranded breaks and doublestranded breaks in human DNA. Methods 60 normal pregnant women aged 20-30, who underwent artificial abortion during 6-8 weeks of gestation, were randomly divided into 2 experimental groups: All 30 cases were exposed to diagnostic ultrasound in uterus for 10 minutes, and 24 hours later chorionic villi were extracted; the other 30 cases were taken as the control group. Single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA in villus cells in all cases were isolated by the alkaline unwinding combined with hydroxylapatite chromatography, and were quantitatively detected using32 P-labeled Alu probe for dot-blotting hybridization. Results There was no significant difference in quantity and percentage in single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA between 2 groups (P＞0.05). 32 P-Alu probe could only hybridize with human DNA, and could detect DNA isolated from as few as 2.5 × 103 chorionic villus cells and 0.45 ng DNA in human leukocytes. Conclusion The results suggested that there were no DNA strand damages in human chorionic villus cells when the uterus was exposed to diagnostic ultrasound for 10 minutes. The method, 32P-Alu probe for dot-blotting hybridization, was even more specific, sensitive and accurate than conventional approaches.

La tomografía computarizada helicoidal versus ecografía en el diagnóstico de un cuerpo extraño intraocular / Helicoidal computerized tomography versus echography in the diagnosis of an intraocular foreign body

Los métodos diagnósticos utilizados para la localización de los cuerpos extraños intraoculares se han ampliado con el uso de la tomografía computarizada y la resonancia magnética nuclear. Se presenta un caso con herida perforante con sospecha de cuerpo extraño, al que se le realizó la ecografía ocular y tomografía computarizada helicoidal y fue erróneo el resultado del ultrasonido en relación con la ubicación del cuerpo extraño, mientras que la tomografía aportó el sitio exacto del fragmento, su tamaño, forma y naturaleza.

The diagnopstic methods used for locating intraocular foreign bodies have been widened with the use of computerized tomography and nuclear magnetic imaging. A case with stab wound with suspicion of foreign body that underwent ocular echography and helicoidal computerized tomography was presented. The result of the ultrasound was wrong in relation to the location of the foreign body, whereas the tomography showed the exact place of the fragment, its size, form and nature.

A Quantitative and Morphological Study on Cochlear Hair Cell Underwent Diagnostic Ultrasound Exposure in Fetal Guinea Pigs / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of diagnostic ultrasound on cochlear hair cells in fetal guinea pigs. Methods Diagnostic ultrasound was used to irradiate the uteri of early pregnant guinea pigs(the first 15 days of gestion) and late pregnant guinea pigs(the 40th to 45th days of gestion) for 5 minutes daily. The number of cochlear hair cells in fetal guinea pigs was calculated using succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) staining, and computer image analysis system. The morphological change of cochlear hair cells was observed with scanning electron microscope(SEM). Results Compared with non-exposed control group, the number of total hair cells obviously decreased in the two exposed groups (P