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1.
Rev. ADM ; 79(5): 271-275, sept.-oct. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1427848

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la vía aérea difícil es aquella situación clínica en la cual un anestesiólogo entrenado convencionalmente experimenta dificultad en la aplicación de ventilación con mascarilla facial, en la intubación endotraqueal o ambas, es de vital importancia su identificación, puesto que su manejo adecuado marcará la diferencia en el desenlace de los pacientes que requieren intubación, en especial los recibidos en urgencias. Objetivo: revisar de manera sistemática el estado actual del conocimiento y evidencia clínica relacionada al manejo de la vía aérea difícil en in- tubación de emergencia. Material y métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática en PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCO y OVID; se emplearon los términos manejo de vía aérea difícil e intubación de emergencia. Resul- tados: la búsqueda arrojó 356 resultados, se excluyeron los estudios de revisión sistemática, metaanálisis, artículos basados en opiniones, infor- mes de casos, cartas al editor; 128 artículos fueron analizados; además, se buscó analizar artículos de distinta área de la investigación médica; se seleccionaron 21 artículos para ser analizados en esta revisión sistemática. Conclusiones: inesperadamente los artículos revisados concluyen, en su gran mayoría, que independientemente del protocolo de intubación, el aspecto que juega un rol determinante en el manejo de la vía aérea difícil es la experiencia y preparación previa del médico anestesiólogo (AU)


Introduction: difficult airway is that clinical situation in which a conventionally trained anesthesiologist experiences difficulty in ventilation with a face mask, in endotracheal intubation or both. In this review article we will focus on emergency intubation. Objective: to systematically review the current state of knowledge and clinical evidence related to the management of difficult airways in emergency intubation. Material and methods: a systematic review was carried out in PubMed, Cochrane data base, EBSCO and OVID; the terms: difficult airway management and emergency intubation; only clinical trials and scientific research reports were analyzed. Results: the search yielded 356 results, of which systematic review studies, meta-analysis, opinion-based articles, case reports, letters to the editor were excluded; which gave us 128 articles, after they were analyzed; it was also sought to analyze articles from different areas of medical research; 21 articles were selected to be analyzed in this systematic review. Conclusions: unexpectedly, the majority of the reviewed articles conclude that regardless of the intubation protocol or the tools used, the aspect that plays a decisive role in the management of the difficult airway is the experience and previous preparation of the anesthesiologist (AU))


Subject(s)
Humans , Emergencies , Airway Management , Intubation, Intratracheal/methods , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Laryngoscopy/methods , Masks
2.
Rev. mex. anestesiol ; 45(1): 68-70, ene.-mar. 2022. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389183

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Eleven years old children, proposed for resection of pylocitic astrocytoma of cerebellum, presented with lingual tonsil hypertrophy causing a unpredictable difficult airway approach. The presence of a lingual tonsil hypertrophied isn't diagnosed most of the times, with their occurrence being associated with previous tonsillectomy in more than half of the cases. Its occurrence, and non-identification, can originate scenarios of difficult airway approach, with a higher morbility association.


Resumen: Niño con 11 años, propuesto para exéresis de recidiva de astrocitoma pilocítico del cerebelo con hipertrofia de las amígdalas linguales a condicionar vía aérea difícil no previsible. La hipertrofia de las amígdalas linguales es subdiagnosticada y se suele asociar a amigdalectomía previa en más de la mitad de los casos. Su ocurrencia y no reconocimiento, puede originar situaciones de vía aérea difícil, con alta morbilidad asociada.

3.
Clinics ; 72(7): 422-425, July 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-890714

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The role of supraglottic airway devices in emergency airway management is highlighted in international airway management guidelines. We evaluated the application of the new generation laryngeal tube suction (LTS-II/LTS-D) in the management of in-hospital unexpected difficult airway and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. METHODS: During a seven-year period, patients treated with a laryngeal tube who received routine anesthesia and had an unexpected difficult airway (Cormack Lehane Grade 3-4), who underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or who underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation outside the operating room and had a difficult airway were evaluated. Successful placement of the LTS II/LTS-D, sufficient ventilation, time to placement, number of placement attempts, stomach content, peripheral oxygen saturation/end-tidal carbon dioxide development (SpO2/etCO2) over 5 minutes, subjective overall assessment and complications were recorded. RESULTS: In total, 106 adult patients were treated using an LTS-II/LTS-D. The main indication for placement was a difficult airway (75%, n=80), followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (25%, n=26) or an overlap between both (18%, n=19). In 94% of patients (n=100), users placed the laryngeal tube during the first attempt. In 93% of patients (n=98), the tube was placed within 30 seconds. A significant increase in SpO2 from 97% (0-100) to 99% (5-100) was observed in the whole population and in cardiopulmonary resuscitation patients. The average initial etCO2 of 39.5 mmHg (0-100 mmHg) decreased significantly to an average of 38.4 mmHg (10-62 mmHg) after 5 minutes. A comparison of cardiopulmonary resuscitation patients with non-cardiopulmonary resuscitation patients regarding gastric contents showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: LTS-D/LTS-II use for in-hospital unexpected difficult airway management provides a secure method for primary airway management until other options such as video laryngoscopy or fiber optic intubation become available.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods , Intubation, Intratracheal/methods , Respiration, Artificial , Emergencies , Suction , Time Factors
4.
Cambios rev. méd ; 14(24): 74-77, abr. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1008015

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la American Society of Anesthesiologists definió la vía aérea difícil como la situación clínica en la que un anestesiólogo con entrenamiento convencional experimenta dificultad para ventilar con máscara facial, dificultad para la intubación endotraqueal o ambas. Ventilación difícil con máscara es 1) la imposibilidad para un anestesiólogo que no cuenta con ayuda, de mantener la saturación de oxígeno (SpO2) > 90% al administrar oxígeno al 100% y ventilar con presión positiva mediante máscara facial a un paciente cuya SpO2 era del 90% antes de la intervención anestésica o 2) la imposibilidad para un anestesiólogo que no cuenta con ayuda, de evitar o revertir los signos de ventilación inadecuada durante la ventilación con presión positiva mediante máscara facial. Estos signos incluyen: cianosis, ausencia de movimientos del tórax, signos auscultatorios de obstrucción severa de la vía aérea, distensión gástrica por entrada de gas y cambios hemodinámicos secundarios a hipoxemia e hipercapnia. Laringoscopia difícil: imposibilidad para visualizar alguna parte de la glotis durante la laringoscopia convencional. Intubación difícil: situación en la que se requieren más de tres intentos o más de diez minutos para la inserción adecuada del tubo endotraqueal mediante laringoscopia convencional. Materiales y métodos: es una revisión de caso clínico y revisión bibliográfica. Resultados: el presente caso ilustra una de las situaciones de vía aérea difícil prevista producidas por patología de vía aérea y mediastino anterior como son las masas tiroideas. Presentación poco frecuente y que implica un manejo anestésico complejo. Conclusiones: podemos concluir que el manejo de una vía aérea difícil anticipada o no es un reto para el anestesiólogo y requiere el entrenamiento y actualización constante del mismo.


Introduction: the ASA define difficult airway as the clinical situation in which a conventionally trained anesthesiologist experiences difficulty with face mask ventilation, endotracheal intubation difficulty , or both. Difficult mask ventilation is 1) the impossibility for an anesthesiologist who has no help to maintain oxygen saturation (SpO2) > 90 % when using 100% oxygen and positive pressure ventilation by face mask to a patient whose SpO2 was 90 % before anesthetic intervention or 2) the impossibility for an anesthesiologist who has no help prevent or reverse signs of inadequate ventilation during positive pressure ventilation by face mask . These signs include cyanosis, absence of chest movement, auscultation signs of severe airway obstruction, gastric distension by gas inlet and hypoxemia and hypercapnia secondary to hemodynamic changes. Difficult laryngoscopy: unable to display some part of the glottis during conventional laryngoscopy. Difficult intubation: a situation in which more than three attempts or more than ten minutes for the proper insertion of the endotracheal tube with conventional laryngoscopy is required.1 Materials and methods: this is a clinical case review and a literature review. Results: this case illustrates one of the difficult airway situations envisaged produced by airway pathology and anterior mediastinal masses such as thyroid. Rare presentation and involves a complex anesthetic management. Conclusions: we can conclude that the difficult airway management anticipated or not, is a challenge for the anesthesiologist and requires constant training and update.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Cyanosis , Airway Management , Anesthesiologists , Hypercapnia , Intubation, Intratracheal , Laryngoscopy , Pathology , Goiter , Hypoxia
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