ABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate glutamine supplementation effects on variables of growth performance, body composition, intestinal morphology and enzymatic aspects of juvenile Arapaima gigas. Research was conducted at the Fish Nutrition and Feeding Laboratory, where 60 examples of pirarucu (initial average weight of 82.12g) were distributed over 15 polyethylene tanks (310L), in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and three repetitions (four fish per experimental unit). Experimental diets were prepared containing five inclusion levels of the amino acid glutamine (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%), supplied three times a day for 45 days. Quadratic effect was observed for the variables of growth performance, weight gain, food consumption, food conversion, and specific growth and protein efficiency rates. A significant effect was observed on intestinal villi at the height of the anterior portion and on activity of the enzyme's alkaline proteases, lipase, amylase and aspartate aminotransferase. However, glutamine supplementation had no significant effect on survival rate. Inclusion of 1.02% of glutamine in the diets of juvenile pirarucu improved growth performance and influenced intestinal villi height and activity of important digestive enzymes, favoring nutrient digestion and absorption.(AU)
Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da suplementação com glutamina sobre variáveis de desempenho produtivo, composição corporal, morfologia do intestino e aspectos enzimáticos de juvenis de Arapaima gigas. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Nutrição e Alimentação de Peixes, onde 60 exemplares de pirarucu (peso médio inicial de 82,12g) foram distribuídos em 15 tanques de polietileno (310L), em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e três repetições (quatro peixes por unidade experimental). As dietas experimentais foram confeccionadas contendo cinco níveis de inclusão do aminoácido glutamina (0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0%), fornecidas três vezes ao dia, ao longo de 45 dias. Foi observado efeito quadrático para variáveis de desempenho produtivo: ganho de peso, consumo alimentar, conversão alimentar, taxa de crescimento específico e taxa de eficiência proteica. Observou-se ainda efeito significativo sobre a altura das vilosidades da porção anterior do intestino e a atividade das enzimas: proteases alcalinas, lipase, amilase e aspartato aminotransferase. Entretanto, a suplementação com glutamina não influenciou significativamente a sobrevivência dos animais. A adição de 1,02% de glutamina nas dietas para juvenis de pirarucu melhorou o desempenho produtivo e influenciou a altura das vilosidades intestinais e a atividade de enzimas digestivas importantes, favorecendo a digestão e a absorção de nutrientes.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Fishes/metabolism , Amino Acids/administration & dosage , Glutamine/administration & dosage , Animal Feed/analysisABSTRACT
Background:Oryz-Aspergillus Enzyme and Pancreatin Tablet is a double-deck digestive enzyme pellet containing Oryz-Aspergillus enzyme and pancreatin that has been widely used for treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD)in clinical practice. However,there is no randomized controlled trial focusing on the efficacy of this agent versus other drugs used for treatment of FD such as prokinetics and proton pump inhibitors (PPI). Aims:To compare the efficacy and safety among Oryz-Aspergillus Enzyme and Pancreatin Tablet,Domperidone Tablet and Esomeprazole Magnesium Enteric-coated Tablet, three drugs with different mechanisms of action on FD,in Chinese population. Methods:A total of 82 Helicobacter pylori-negative outpatients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of FD in Rome Ⅲ were recruited from Nov. 2015 to Jun. 2016 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. These patients were randomly allocated into 3 groups,and received Oryz-Aspergillus Enzyme and Pancreatin Tablet (group A),Domperidone Tablet (group B)and Esomeprazole Magnesium Enteric-coated Tablet (group C)orally for 4 weeks,respectively. The improvement of dyspeptic symptoms and adverse events were observed and recorded. Results:After 4 weeks treatment,the overall efficacies for global symptoms in group A,group B and group C were 93. 1%,88. 9% and 69. 2%,respectively,statistically significant difference was existed among the three groups (P < 0. 05). Domperidone Tablet was effective for postprandial fullness and early satiety;Esomeprazole Magnesium Enteric-coated Tablet was sensitive for epigastric pain,epigastric burning,and belching and regurgitation;the efficacies of Oryz-Aspergillus Enzyme and Pancreatin Tablet for all five dyspeptic symptoms were in between. No adverse events were observed during treatment course. Conclusions:Digestive enzymes,prokinetics and PPI have different sensitive symptoms and optimal indications for treatment of FD. The overall efficacy of Oryz-Aspergillus Enzyme and Pancreatin Tablet is superior to that of prokinetics and PPI.
ABSTRACT
Background:Escherichia coli populations in the gut increase after weaning, releasing cell wall lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are potent pro-inflammatory substances.Objective: this study evaluated LPS intake effects on protein expression and activity of intestinal disaccharidases and aminopetidases. Methods: sixty-four pigs (weaning age: 21 d) were fed a basal diet with added LPS (0.0, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 µg LPS/mg feed) during 10 days post-weaning. Pigs were slaughtered on days 1, 5, 7, and 10 post-weaning to assess small intestine molecular expression and enzyme activity. A randomized block design in a 4x4 factorial arrangement was used. Results:intestinal enzyme expression and activity was lower in pigs fed the highest LPS level (p<0.01). Enzyme values were lowest at day 10 (p<0.01). The highest gene expression and enzyme activity was observed in duodenum (p<0.01). Conclusion: data from this study suggest that LPS from E. coli decreases intestinal enzyme expression and activity.
Antecedentes: la población de Escherichia coli incrementa luego del destete, liberando desde su pared celular lipopolisacáridos (LPS) los cuales son potentes productos pro-inflamatorios.Objetivo: este estudio evaluó el consumo de diferentes niveles de LPS sobre la expresión y actividad de disacaridasas y aminopeptidasas intestinales. Métodos:sesenta y cuatro cerdos (destetados a los 21 de edad) fueron alimentados (durante los 10 días posteriores al destete) con una dieta basal a la cual se le adicionó diferentes niveles de LPS (0,0, 0,3, 0,5 y 1,0 µg LPS/mg alimento). Los cerdos fueron sacrificados los días 1, 5, 7 y 10 posdestete para determinar la expresión molecular y actividad enzimática en el intestino delgado. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar en un arreglo factorial 4x4. Resultados: la expresión y actividad enzimática intestinal fue menor en los cerdos alimentados con el nivel máximo de LPS (p<0,01). En el día 10 posdestete se observaron las menores expresiones y actividades enzimáticas (p<0,01), mientras que en el duodeno se observaron los mayores valores (p<0,01). Conclusión: la información obtenida en este estudio sugiere que el LPS de E. coli disminuye la expresión y actividad enzimática intestinal.
Antecedentes: a população de Escherichia coli se aumenta após do desmame, que libera desde sua parede celular lipopolissacarídeo (LPS), que são potentes productos pró-inflamatórios. Objetivo: este estudo avaliou o consumo de LPS sobre a expressão e atividade de dissacaridases e as aminopeptidases intestinais. Métodos: sessenta e quatro porcos (desmamados aos 21 días de edade) foram alimentados (durante 10 días após desmame) com uma dieta de base ao qual foi adicionada diferentes níveis de LPS (0,0, 0,3, 0,5 y 1,0 µg LPS/mg alimento). Os leitões foram abatidos os días 1, 5, 7 e 10 após desmame para determinar a expressão molecular e a atividade enzimática no intestino delgado. Foi usado delineamento em blocos casualizados num fatorial 4x4. Resultados: expressão intestinal e atividade enzimática foi menor nos animais que receberam o maior nível de LPS (p<0,01). No día 10 após desmame foram observadas as menores expressões e atividades enzimáticas (p<0,01), en quanto que no duodeno foram observados os valores mais elevados (p<0,01). Conclusão: as informações obtidas neste estudo sugerem que o LPS de E. coli diminui a expressão e atividade enzimática intestinal.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: There is growing evidence for a gut-brain connection associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This suggests a potential benefit from introduced digestive enzymes for children with ASD. METHODS: We performed a double-blind, randomized clinical trial on 101 children with ASD (82 boys and 19 girls) aged from 3 to 9 years. ASD patients were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) diagnostic criteria. Structured interviews of at least one hour each both with the parents and the child were performed. Later on, another two hours-session was conducted applying the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). ASD patients were randomized to receive digestive enzymes or placebo. RESULTS: The ASD group receiving digestive enzyme therapy for 3 months had significant improvement in emotional response, general impression autistic score, general behavior and gastrointestinal symptoms. Our study demonstrated the usefulness of digestive enzyme in our population of ASD patients. CONCLUSION: Digestive enzymes are inexpensive, readily available, have an excellent safety profile, and have mildly beneficial effects in ASD patients. Depending on the parameter measured in our study, we propose digestive enzymes for managing symptoms of ASD. Digestive enzyme therapy may be a possible option in treatment protocols for ASD in the future.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Autistic Disorder , Autism Spectrum Disorder , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Enzyme Therapy , ParentsABSTRACT
Several species of octopus are considered venomous due to toxins present in the glands connected to their "beak", which may be associated with hunt and kill of prey. Herein, we report an accident involving a common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) that injured an instructor during a practical biology lesson and provoked an inflamed infiltrated plaque on the hand of the victim. The lesion was present for about three weeks and was treated with cold compresses and anti-inflammatory drugs. It was healed ten days after leaving a hyperchromic macule at the bite site. The probable cause of the severe inflammation was the digestive enzymes of the glands and not the neurotoxins of the venom.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Enzymes , Neurotoxins , Octopodiformes/chemistry , Poisoning , Research ReportABSTRACT
Several species of octopus are considered venomous due to toxins present in the glands connected to their beak, which may be associated with hunt and kill of prey. Herein, we report an accident involving a common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) that injured an instructor during a practical biology lesson and provoked an inflamed infiltrated plaque on the hand of the victim. The lesion was present for about three weeks and was treated with cold compresses and anti-inflammatory drugs. It was healed ten days after leaving a hyperchromic macule at the bite site. The probable cause of the severe inflammation was the digestive enzymes of the glands and not the neurotoxins of the venom.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Enzymes , Bites and Stings/complications , Octopodiformes , Mollusk VenomsABSTRACT
The growth promoting potential of fruits wastes, mango seed kernel, banana peel and papaya peel on the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae (PL) was evaluated. Basal diet equated to 35% protein was prepared by using soybean meal, groundnut oilcake, horse gram and wheat flour. Each fruit waste powder was separately incorporated with basal diet at a proportion of 10%. Sunflower oil was used as lipid source. Egg albumin and tapioca flour were used as binding agents. Vitamin B-complex with Vitamin-C was also mixed. Feed without any fruit waste was served as control. M. rosenbergii PL (length: 1.2-1.4 cm; weight: 0.09- 0.13 g) was fed with these feeds for a period of 90 days. Significant improvements in the nutritional indices (survival rate, weight gain, biomass index, specific growth rate and condition factor), concentrations of biochemical constituents (total protein, carbohydrate and lipid), levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin-C and E), content of minerals (Na+ and K+), activities of digestive enzymes (protease, amylase and lipase), and profiles of essential amino acids and fatty acids were recorded in fruits wastes incorporated feeds fed PL when compared with control (P< 0.003 – 0.878). The overall results indicated the fact that mango seed kernel incorporated feed was produced the best performance, followed by better performance of banana peel and good performance of papaya peel. These fruits wastes incorporated feeds enhance digestive enzymes activities and act as appetizer, which in turn enhances food utilization and ultimately yielded better survival and growth of M. rosenbergii PL. Therefore, these fruits wastes have considerable potentials in sustainable development of Macrobrachium culture.
ABSTRACT
Aspects of digestion in juvenile silver catfish Rhamdia quelen fed with four levels of protein (20, 27, 34 and 41%) were studied. The studied traits were digestive enzymes (nonspecific proteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase) and weight gain. The experiment lasted 60 days; 160 juvenile catfish with initial body weight of 32 grams were transferred to the experimental system of 500L tanks with re-circulated and thermostatized water. The average weight of silver catfish increased with dietary protein and 41% of crude protein (CP) was accepted as the best one. Gastric protease activity increases with the CP level. The intestinal alkaline protease reached the peak at 27% CP and the highest activities were observed in the anterior section of the gut (AS). The trypsin peak was observed at 34% CP in the AS and medium section of the gut (MS). Amylase and lipase activities were inverse to the dietary CP and the highest values were observed in AS. In conclusion, the digestive enzymes of catfishes are responsive to the dietary protein level. The dietary CP required for highest weight gain of juvenile silver catfish is 41%.
Foram estudados aspectos digestivos de juvenis de jundiá Rhamdia quelen alimentados com quatro níveis de proteína (20, 27, 34 e 41 %). As características estudadas foram enzimas digestivas (proteases inespecíficas, tripsina, quimiotripsina, amilase e lipase) e ganho de peso. O período experimental foi de 60 dias; 160 juvenis de jundiá com peso médio inicial de 32 gramas foram transferidos para um sistema experimental de tanques de 500L, com recirculação de água termostatizada. O peso médio dos jundiás aumentou com o teor de proteínas da dieta até 41% de proteína bruta (PB), valor esse considerado o melhor. A atividade de protease gástrica aumentou com o nível de PB. A protease alcalina intestinal atingiu o pico em 27% de PB e as maiores atividades foram observadas na secção anterior do intestino (SA). O pico de tripsina foi observado com 34% de PB na SA e na secção média do intestino (SM). As atividades de amilase e lipase foram inversas ao teor de PB, e os valores mais elevados foram observados na SA. Em conclusão, as enzimas digestivas de jundiá são responsivas ao nível de proteína da dieta. O teor mais alto de PB da dieta necessário ao maior ganho de peso em juvenis de jundiá é 41%.
ABSTRACT
Os insetos possuem diferentes enzimas digestivas que catalisam as reações de hidrólise do alimento consumido e essas se diferenciam entre os insetos de acordo com suas dietas e estado fisiológico. Foram avaliadas as atividades de algumas enzimas digestivas da praga do cafeeiro - Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville & Perrottet, 1842) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) - popularmente conhecida como bicho-mineiro do cafeeiro, para o entendimento de seu processo digestivo. Lagartas do bicho-mineiro do cafeeiro foram coletadas em campo e em casa-de-vegetação. O extrato enzimático utilizado foi obtido pela maceração das lagartas em água (4ºC). Determinaram-se os pH's ótimos e as atividades das enzimas α e β-glicosidases, α-amilase, aminopeptidase, fosfatase alcalina, sacarase, trealase e tripsina, incubando o extrato enzimático do bicho-mineiro do cafeeiro com substratos específicos. A análise dos resultados sugere que o processo digestivo e o ambiente intestinal do bicho-mineiro do cafeeiro sejam similares com o dos demais lepidópteros encontrados na literatura.
Insects are fitted with different digestive enzymes that catalyses the food hydrolysis. Those enzymes differ from one insect to another according to their diets and physiological status. In this work, one intended to verify the activities of some digestive enzymes of the coffee leaf miner - Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville & Perrottet, 1842) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) - as a pre-requisite to understand its digest process, since this insect is a major plague in coffee production systems. Coffee leaf miner caterpillars were collected in fields and in greenhouse. The enzyme extract utilized in determining the enzyme activities was obtained through grinding the caterpillars in cold water. The optimum pH and the activities of the enzymes α and β-glucosidases, α-amylase, aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, saccharase, trehalase and trypsin were measured by incubating the enzyme extract with specific substrates. The analysis of the optimum pH's indicated that the digestive process and intestinal environment of this insect are similar to another lepidopterans consulted in the literature.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Minilase-S on patients with dyspepsia.Methods A randomized,placebo-controlled,double blind and multicenter study was conducted.Two hundred and forty patients with dyspepsia symptoms(anorexia,fullness,abdominal discomfort and distension)were collected according to total symptom scores over 20 with visual analog scales.Each patient was randomly received either Minilase-S(2 capsules t.i.d)or placebo(2 capsules t.i.d)for 2 weeks.The symptoms scores were evaluated at treatment week 1,week 2,and 1 week after discontinued therapy.Results Two hundred and sixteen patients(105 patients in Minilase group and 111 patients in placebo group)finished the study.There was no difference in demographic data,anorexia,fullness,discomfort and distension score and the total symptom score between two groups.However,at treatment week 1,week 2 and 1 week after discontinued therapy,symptoms and total symptom score were significantly decreased in Minilase-S group compared to placebo group(all P value＜0.05).The total effective rates in treatment week 1,week 2 and 1 week after discontinued therapy were 64.76%,77.05%and 66.99%,respectinely,which were higer that those in placebo group(27.93%,37.84% and 29.36%,respectively)(P＜0.05).There was no severe side effects in both Minilase-S and placebo groups.Conclusions Minilase-S can significantly improve symptoms in patients with dyspepsia,which may be as one choice in the management of dyspepsia or in combined therapy.
ABSTRACT
The digestive enzyme preparations are one of the most widely used drugs in Korea. However, it is rather misused or abused. Pancreatic enzyme supplement is only indicated for pancreatic insufficiency, such as cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatectomized patients. Pancreatic insufficiency causes malabsorption, most commonly manifested by steatorrhea. However, malabsorption symptoms are not apparent until the pancreas secretes less than 5% of its maximal secretory capacity, Which means that the use of enzyme preparations are very limited and should be prescribed after careful functional study of the pancreas. In Korea, however, digestive enzyme preparations are OTC drugs and furthermore, laymen's organizations insist that the digestive enzymes be sold freely in supermarkets. The concept about the use of digestive enzymes should be changed, and their proper use by physicians as well as laymen must be emphasized.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cystic Fibrosis , Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency , Korea , Nonprescription Drugs , Pancreas , Pancreatitis, Chronic , SteatorrheaABSTRACT
It has long been known that lactoferrin prevents human beings from infection of virus. To prove this activity of lactoferrin, we evaluated the activities of different lactoferrins to an isolate human rotavirus K-21. Bovine lactoferrin inhibited infection of K-21 to MA-104 cell at the concentration of 25.9 microM whereas bovine hydrolysed lactoferrin prevented rotavirus infection at 103.8 microM. However human lactoferrin prevented infection of K-21 at the concentration of 217.5 microM. These data suggested that lactoferrin activity may be unaffected by the intestinal digestive enzymes and bovine lactoferrin is more active than human lactoferrin with respect to prevention of rotavirus infection.
Subject(s)
Humans , Lactoferrin , Rotavirus Infections , RotavirusABSTRACT
It has long been known that lactoferrin prevents human beings from infection of virus. To prove this activity of lactoferrin, we evaluated the activities of different lactoferrins to an isolate human rotavirus K-21. Bovine lactoferrin inhibited infection of K-21 to MA-104 cell at the concentration of 25.9 microM whereas bovine hydrolysed lactoferrin prevented rotavirus infection at 103.8 microM. However human lactoferrin prevented infection of K-21 at the concentration of 217.5 microM. These data suggested that lactoferrin activity may be unaffected by the intestinal digestive enzymes and bovine lactoferrin is more active than human lactoferrin with respect to prevention of rotavirus infection.