Efficacy of the herbicides indaziflam and clomazone on problematic weeds of family poaceae to sugarcane crop

It is believed that indaziflam gives a longer period of weed control compared to clomazone, irrespective of the type or texture of the soil. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate pre-emergent control in five problematic weed species of family Poaceae to sugarcane, using the herbicides indaziflam and clomazone in two soils of different textures. Two experiments were carried out, one in a soil of a sandy-loam texture and the other in a clayey soil. For both experiments, a randomised block design of split plots was chosen, with four replications. The treatments consisted of the herbicides indaziflam (75 and 100 g ai ha-1), clomazone (1080 g ai ha-1) and a control with no herbicide. In the subplots, the treatments were Digitaria horizontalis, Panicum maximum, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Urochloa decumbens and Urochloa plantaginea. Both herbicides were more effective in the clayey soil, but with indaziflam (100 g ai ha-1), more than 90% control of the weeds remained after 240 days after application (DAA), whereas for clomazone, control remained only up to 90 DAA. The herbicide clomazone did not satisfactorily control the weeds in the sandy-loam soil. The herbicide indaziflam did not control U. decumbens in the sandy-loam soil. D. horizontalis and R. cochinchinensis were the most sensitive species to the herbicide indaziflam, irrespective of soil texture.

Predictive value of endogenous digitalis-like factor on myocardial injury and mortality in sepsis / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To evaluate the value of endogenous digitalis-like factor (EDLF) dynamic changes in predicting myocardial injury and prognosis in patients with sepsis.Methods:A total of 160 sepsis patients admitted to the emergency department of Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from July 2017 to January 2019 were selected and divided into the myocardial injury(MI) group ( n=75) and the non-myocardial injury (NMI) group ( n=85) according to whether there was myocardial injury. The plasma EDLF concentration was tested on the 1 st, 3 rd and 7 th day after admission. The predictive factors of MI and 90-days outcome were evaluated by logistics regression analysis. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the prognostic value of EDLF concentration on the 90 days after admission for sepsis. Results:Septic patients with MI had increased levels of myocardial enzymes, decreased left ventricular fractional shortening index (FS) and interventricular septum (IVS) amplitude and abnormal wall motion, when compared to NMI patients (all P<0.05). EDLF concentration on the 7 th day in the MI group was significantly lower than in the NMI group ( P=0.019). Logistic regression showed that EDLF 7 th was an independent protective factor for MI and 90-day mortality in sepsis respectively ( OR=0.964, 95% CI: 0.934-0.994, P=0.021; OR=0.931, 95% CI: 0.871-0.995, P=0.036). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis suggested that EDLF 7 th concentration <26.7 pmol/L was an independent predictor of 90-day mortality in patients with sepsis ( HR=4.601, 95% CI: 1.030-20.563, P=0.046). Conclusions:EDLF 7 th may serve as a protective factor for sepsis-induced MI and adverse outcome. The exogenous supplement of cardiotonic drugs at one week after MI may be a potential treatment to improve the survival rate of septic patients.

Effect of Wei's triple nine needling on eye regulation in patients with presbyopia complicated with visual fatigue of liver depression and spleen deficiency / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy between Wei's triple nine needling combined with esculin and digitalis glycosides eye drops and esculin and digitalis glycosides eye drops alone for presbyopia complicated with visual fatigue of liver depression and spleen deficiency.@*METHODS@#Forty-six cases (92 eyes) with presbyopia complicated with visual fatigue of liver depression and spleen deficiency were randomly divided into an observation group (23 cases) and a control group (23 cases, 2 cases dropped off). The cases in the observation group were treated with Wei's triple nine needling and esculin and digitalis glycosides eye drops. The acupoints included Shangming (Extra), Chengqi (ST 1), Cuanzhu (BL 2) to Jingming (BL 1), Sizhukong (TE 23) to Taiyang (EX-HN 5), etc; the needling was given once every other day, three times a week, and the eye drops were given one drop each time, three times a day. The cases in the control group were only treated with the eye drops. Both groups were treated for 7 days as one course of treatment, and 2 courses of treatment were given. The visual fatigue core symptoms score, adjustment amplitude, adjustment lag and best average corrected visual acuity were observed in the two groups before treatment, 1 week and 2 weeks into treatment, respectively.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the visual fatigue core symptoms scores in the two groups were decreased after 1-week and 2-week treatment (P<0.05); in the observation group, the adjustment amplitude was increased after 2-week treatment (P<0.05), while in the control group, the adjustment amplitude was increased after 1-week and 2-week treatment (P<0.05); in the observation group, the adjustment lag was decreased after 1-week and 2-week treatment (P<0.05). After 2-week treatment, the visual fatigue core symptoms score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the adjustment amplitude was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in adjustment lag and best average corrected visual acuity between the two groups after 1-week and 2-week treatment (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Wei's triple nine needling combined with esculin and digitalis glycosides eye drops could improve the visual fatigue and eye regulation ability in patients with presbyopia complicated with visual fatigue of liver depression and spleen deficiency, and the effect is better than esculin and digitalis glycosides eye drops alone.

La Digitalis. Una planta ligada al arte / Digitalis. A plant linked to art

Resumen La Digitalis purpúrea ha sido utilizada por sus propiedades terapéuticas desde la antigüedad hasta nuestros días. Su difundido uso, tanto como la diversidad de indicaciones que tuvo, permitió que también se conociese desde antaño los riesgos a la salud para quien recibiese una dosis excesiva. La toxicología actual conoce y maneja perfectamente la intoxicación digitálica, sin embargo, muchas historias relacionadas con su uso son poco conocidas. Se presentan algunas de estas historias, muchas de ellas relacionadas con el mundo del arte.

Abstract Digitalis purpurea has been used because of its therapeutic properties since ancient times up to our days. Its wide- spread use as well as the variety of indications that it covered allowed to know the risks for health in case of overdose. Present toxicology is aware and knows perfectly well how to treat digitalic poisoning. However, many stories about digitalis are little known. Here, we show you some of them, specially the ones related with arts.

Aspectos novedosos de la intoxicación digitálica / New aspects on digitalis toxicity

Los digitálicos son fármacos con capacidad de aumentar la contractilidad miocárdica (inotrópico positivo), que han desempeñado un rol primordial en el tratamiento de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca; su uso inapropiado puede traer complicaciones serias a estos pacientes, incluso, hasta la muerte. La más importante de estas complicaciones es la intoxicación digitálica, originada por la sobredosis de dichos fármacos, a causa de la combinación del efecto inhibitorio en la conducción nodal y la estimulación sobre las fibras individuales auriculares y ventriculares. Debido al uso frecuente de estos medicamentos en todos los niveles de atención de salud y lo difícil que resulta diagnosticar dicha complicación por la complejidad de su cuadro clínico y de su expresión electrocardiográfica, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva sobre el tema para brindar amplia información, que permita una atención adecuada a los pacientes con este diagnóstico

Digitalis are drugs with the capacity of increasing myocardial contractility (inotropic positive agents) which have carried out an important role in the treatment of heart failure; their inappropriate use can bring severe complications to the patient, even, to death. The most important in these complications is the digitalis toxicity, originated by the overdose of these drugs, caused by the combination of the inhibitory effect in the nodal conduction and stimulation on the individual atrial and ventricular fibers. Due to the frequent use of these medications at all levels of medical care and to the difficulty in diagnosing this complication caused by the complexity of their clinical pattern and of their electrocardiographic expression, an exhaustive literature review was carried out on the topic to give a wide information that allows an appropriate care to the patients with this diagnosis

Application effect of metoprolol in the treatment of atrial fibrillation complicated with chronic heart failure / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To investigate the application effect of metoprolol in the treatment of atrial fibrillation complicated with chronic heart failure(CHF).@*Methods@#From February 2015 to February 2019, 398 elderly patients with atrial fibrillation and CHF in Wangjiangshan Branch of the People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province were selected in the study.The patients were divided into two groups according to the digital table, with 199 case in each group.The control group was treated with rest, digitalis inhalation, diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, nitrate and enteric-coated aspirin.The observation group was treated with metoprolol on this basis.The effective rate of treatment, heart rate changes before and after treatment, left ventricular ejection fraction and 6-minute walking distance in the two groups were observed and analyzed.@*Results@#The effective rate of the observation group was 88.94%(177/199), which was significantly higher than 71.86%(143/199) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=18.433, P=0.000). The highest heart rate, the lowest heart rate and the resting heart rate in the observation group after treatment were significantly better than those in the control group[(115.12±0.35)times/min vs.(122.12±16.22)times/min, (90.21±18.12)times/min vs.(94.12±11.11)times/min, (97.00±9.64)times/min vs.(102.03±11.20)times/min], the differences were statistically significant(t=4.246, 4.783, 4.662, all P<0.05). The LVEF and 6-minute walking distance of the observation group after treatment were significantly better than those of the control group[(45.0±2.0)% vs.(41.0±3.0)%, (340.09±31.45)m vs.(302.43±29.45)m], the differences were statistically significant(t=4.246, 7.662, all P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Digitalis combined with metoprolol can effectively control the heart rate of atrial fibrillation combined with CHF, improve ventricular function and increase cardiac endurance.The combined therapy is worthy of promoting in this disease.

Application effect of metoprolol in the treatment of atrial fibrillation complicated with chronic heart failure / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the application effect of metoprolol in the treatment of atrial fibrillation complicated with chronic heart failure (CHF).Methods From February 2015 to February 2019,398 elderly patients with atrial fibrillation and CHF in Wangjiangshan Branch of the People＇s Hospital of Zhejiang Province were selected in the study.The patients were divided into two groups according to the digital table ,with 199 case in each group.The control group was treated with rest ,digitalis inhalation,diuretics,angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors ,nitrate and enteric－coated aspirin.The observation group was treated with metoprolol on this basis.The effective rate of treatment, heart rate changes before and after treatment , left ventricular ejection fraction and 6 －minute walking distance in the two groups were observed and analyzed.Results The effective rate of the observation group was 88.94%(177／199),which was significantly higher than 71.86%(143／199) in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 ＝18.433,P＝0.000).The highest heart rate,the lowest heart rate and the resting heart rate in the observation group after treatment were significantly better than those in the control group [( 115.12 ± 0.35)times／min vs.(122.12 ±16.22) times／min,(90.21 ±18.12) times／min vs.(94.12 ±11.11) times／min, (97.00 ±9.64)times／min vs.(102.03 ±11.20)times／min],the differences were statistically significant (t＝4.246, 4.783,4.662,all P＜0.05).The LVEF and 6 －minute walking distance of the observation group after treatment were significantly better than those of the control group [( 45.0 ±2.0 )% vs.( 41.0 ±3.0 )%, ( 340.09 ± 31.45)m vs.(302.43 ±29.45)m],the differences were statistically significant ( t＝4.246,7.662,all P＜0.05). Conclusion Digitalis combined with metoprolol can effectively control the heart rate of atrial fibrillation combined with CHF,improve ventricular function and increase cardiac endurance.The combined therapy is worthy of promoting in this disease.

Prediciendo la Actividad Cardíaca de la Almeja Tivela stultorum con Digoxina Utilizando Redes Neuronales Artificiales / Predicting the Cardioactivity of Tivela stultorum clam with Digoxin Using Artificial Neural Networks

Resumen: Las redes neuronales artificiales (RNA) son un método computacional extensamente utilizado para resolver problemas complejos y realizar predicciones en sistemas de relación no lineal. En este trabajo se utilizaron RNA para predecir la respuesta fisiológica obtenida al adicionar una concentración específica de digoxina a corazones de Tivela stultorum, un organismo modelo para probar fármacos cardíacos que se pretenden utilizar en humanos. Las entradas de la RNA fueron el peso, volumen, largo y ancho del corazón, la concentración de digoxina, el volumen utilizado para la dilución de digoxina, el máximo y mínimo de contracción, tiempo de llenado, y frecuencia cardíaca antes de adicionar la digoxina, las salidas fueron el máximo y mínimo de contracción, tiempo de llenado y frecuencia cardíaca esperados después de agregar digoxina al corazón. Las RNA se entrenaron, validaron y probaron con los resultados de experimentos in vivo. Para elegir la red óptima se utilizó el valor más pequeño del error medio cuadrado. Se obtuvo una correlación alta entre los valores predichos y calculados, excepto en el caso del tiempo de llenado. Se lograron obtener predicciones acertadas de la cardioactividad de la almeja T. stultorum cuando se les agrega una concentración específica de digoxina haciendo uso de RNA; esto con el fin de utilizarse como una herramienta para facilitar las pruebas en el laboratorio de los efectos de la digoxina.

Abstract: Artificial neural networks (ANN) are a computational method that has been widely used to solve complex problems and carry out predictions on nonlinear systems. Multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks were used to predict the physiological response that would be obtained by adding a specific concentration of digoxin to Tivela stultorum hearts, this organism is a model for testing cardiac drugs that pretends to be used in humans. The MLP-ANN inputs were weight, volume, length, and width of the heart, digoxin concentration and volume used for diluting digoxin, and maximum contraction, minimum contraction, filling time, and heart rate before adding digoxin, and the outputs were the maximum contraction, minimum contraction, filling time, and heart rate that would be obtained after adding digoxin to the heart. ANNs were trained, validated, and tested with the results obtained from the in vivo experiments. To choose the optimal network, the smallest square mean error value was used. Perceptrons obtained a high performance and correlation between predicted and calculated values, except in the case of the filling time output. Accurate predictions of the T. stultorum clams cardioactivity were obtained when a specific concentration of digoxin was added using ANNs with one hidden layer; this could be useful as a tool to facilitate laboratory experiments to test digoxin effects.

Clinical study of milrinone injectionon acute heart failure with poor effect of digitalis and diuretics / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To discussion the clinical study of milrinone injectionon on acute heart failure with poor effect of digitalis and diuretics.Metheds 90 cases of acute heart failure with poor effect of digitalis and diuretics patients from September 2014 to May 2016 in our hospital were selected,according to the random number table method is divided into control group and study group,45 cases in each groups,the control group was treated with conventional heart failure intervention program,the study group given milrinone injectionon on the basis of control group,two groups were treated for seven days.Serum neurohormonal factors,inflammatory factors and blood pressure were measured before and after treatment,and the clinical efficacy and complications were compared between two groups.Results Compared with before treatment,serum NT-proBNP,NE and ET-1 levels were decreased in two groups,NO content increased,the levels of serum TNF-α,IL-6 and Hs-CRP were decreased,the levels of LVEF and CI were increased,the levels of LVEDD and CTR were decreased,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the levels of serum NT-proBNP,NE and ET-1 in the study group were lower,NO were higher,the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and Hs-CRP in serum were lower,LVEF and CI were higher,LVEDD and CTR were lower,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The effective rate of the study group was 86.67％,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(66.67％,P<0.05).All the patients were followed up and no cases were reported.There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups.Conclusion Milrinone injectionon has a significant effect on acute heart failure with poor effect of digitalis and diuretics,can significantly reduce the neurotrophic factor and inflammatory factors,improve heart function,promote prognosis.

Effect analysis of esculin and digitalisglycosides eye drops on asthenopia caused by presbyopia / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the efficacy of Esculin and Digitalisglycosides eye drops on asthenopia caused by presbyopia.Methods A total of 120 cases with asthenopia caused by presbyopia was randomly divided into two groups.The observation group (n =60 cases) was treated with Esculin and Digitalisglycosides eye drops,and the control group (n =60 cases) was treated with Naphazoline Hydrochloride,Chlorphenamine Maleate and Vitamin B12 eye drops,1 drop into each eye 3 times daily for 1 month.The symptoms of asthenopia,visual acuity,refraction,intraocular pressure,and safety evaluation were compared between two groups.Results Fifty seven cases in the observation group and 55 cases in the control group were observed after removal of data shedding cases.After treatment,asthenopia in both groups was significantly improved,observation group was significantly higher than control group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05) between two groups after treatment in visual acuity,refraction,intraocular pressure and safety evaluation.Conclusions Esculin and Digitalisglycosides eye drops can effectively relieve symptoms of asthenopia caused by presbyopia,which is safe and convenient.It can be used in the clinical future.

La digital: su historia y su rol actual / Digital: their history and their current role

Si bien las hojas de digital purpúrea (Digitalis purpurea) se empleaban desde el año 500 D.C., fue el Dr. WilliamWhitering, de Inglaterra, quien investigó sus propiedades y en 1785 escribió un libro que ingresó entre los clásicos de la historia de la medicina: An account of the foxglove and some of its medical uses, with practical remarks on dropsy and other diseases. Esta revisión repasa la historia de la digital, su mecanismo de acción, y los trabajos más recientes que revaloran los efectos de esta medicación, recomendada actualmente a menores dosis de digoxina que las clásicamente aceptadas, capaz de reducir las hospitalizaciones y mejorar la sobrevida, en especial en pacientes con grados avanzados de insuficiencia cardíaca y medicados con inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina, beta-bloqueantes, antagonistas de la aldosterona y diuréticos. Quizás aún falta precisar su valor definitivo, pero es indudable que la digital marcó una etapa definitiva en los dominios de la Cardiología y que, junto a la amapola, la quina y la belladona, constituye el grupo de las cuatro principales plantas que han llevado alivio a las enfermedades del hombre

Although the leaves of Digitalis purpurea had been used since 500 D.C., it was the English physician William Withering who studied its properties. In 1785 he wrote the book called “An account of the foxglove and some of its medical uses: with practical remarks on dropsy and other diseases” which became one of the classics in the history of medicine. This article reviews the history of digitalis, its mechanism of action, and recent studies which underline the importance of this medication. Digitalis is presently prescribed at lower doses than tradionally indicated; it is effective in reducing hospital stays, and improving survival, especially in patients with advanced stages of heart failure and receiving inhibitors of the angiotensin converting enzyme, beta-blockers, aldosterone antagonists, and diuretics.Even though its definitive value is yet to be determined, it is certain that digitalis has a role to play in the domains ofCardiology and belongs to the group of the four principal plants that have brought relief to human diseases, along with the poppy, Peruvian bark, and belladona

Elaboración de una propuesta de manejo con homeopatía para pacientes con dolor torácico / Preparation of a management proposal with homeopathy for patients with chest pain

El dolor torácico es un motivo de consulta muy frecuente tanto en servicios de urgencias como en consulta externa, se estima que aproximadamente el 20% de las consultas de adultos no quirúrgicas en un servicio general de urgencias, corresponde a dolor torácico. La mayoría de ellos (85 a 90%) no se deben a síndrome coronario agudo (o infarto agudo de miocardio) o a otra potencialmente mortal. No encontramos informada en la literatura médica, una propuesta para el manejo de estos pacientes con homeopatía. Se revisó en medicinas internas y semiologías las diversas formas de presentación de dolor torácico, acorde con varios orígenes: Coronario, Gastroesofágico, Costocondral (Reumático) o Pleural. Seguidamente, se investigó en un repertorio digital (Radar 7) los medicamentos que mejor puntuaban según los síntomas más frecuentes, pretendiendo abarcar la totalidad sintomática del paciente. Se hizo una revisión y resumen de varias materias médicas de 20 medicamentos mejor puntuados y finalmente se elaboró un algoritmo con dos de los síntomas más característicos en las diversas modalidades de dolor torácico. Los medicamentos analizados fueron: Acónitum, Argentum Nitricum, Arsénicum Album, Árnica, Aurum Metálicum, Bryonia, Cactus Grandiflorus, Calcárea Carbónica, Carbo Vegetábilis, Causticum, Digitalis, Kali Carbónicum, Nux Vómica, Phosphorus, Spongia Tosta y Sulphur. A modo de ejemplo, en el dolor torácico de tipo opresivo o anginoso acompañado de angustia y temor a la muerte, los medicamentos más puntuados son: Acon, Dig, Arn y Cact.

Reliability of measurements on virtual models obtained from scanning of impressions and conventional plaster models

Aim: To evaluate the reliability of linear measurements in virtual models by comparing measurements performed on virtual models obtained from alginate impression scans, plaster model and measurements performed on conventional plaster model. Methods: The sample comprised 26 randomly selected patients to have impressions of their upper and lower jaws taken using alginate and their bite registration using a wax bite. The virtual models were obtained by scanning the alginate impression and the plaster model in a laser surface scanner (R700; 3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark), and the measurements were performed using the Ortho Analyser (3Shape) proprietary software. The linear measurements of the size of the teeth mesial to distal, arch perimeter, intercanine distance and intermolar distance in the upper and lower arches were performed on plaster models, digital impressions and digital models, by three observers and repeated after 15 days on 8 models for intra-observer evaluations. Data were tabulated and analyzed statistically. Intra-class correlation to check the agreement of intra and inter-observers and ANOVA test were used to analyze the differences between measurements of digital models from impression and digital models from plaster. Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference (pd"0.05) for the posterior teeth, anterior teeth, upper arch perimeter and lower inter-canine distance, comparing the digital models with plaster models, but these differences are considered clinically non-significant. Conclusions: Digital models were proven be reliable and clinically acceptable for measuring tooth width, perimeter arches, intercanine and intermolar distances.

Complementary application of HSCCC and semi-preparative HPLC for rapid separation of phenylethanoid glycosides from penstemon digitalis / 中草药·英文版

Objective: Echinacoside and verbascoside are known for their excellent neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative activities, therefore large amount of pure compounds are urgently needed as authentic standards for various in vivo and in vitro studies. Nowadays, they are abundenty extracted from endangered Cistanche spp. Phytochemical studies revealed that Penstemon spp., comprising about 280 species, were rich natural sources for the exploitation and large scale preparation of phenylethanoid glycosides. Thus, rapid isolation and purification of various phenylethanoid glycosides from Penstemon spp. were necessary. Methods: The crude extract of P. digitalis was first enriched by AB-8, and then the high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) combined with semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was adopted to isolate and purify echinacoside and verbascoside. Results: Eventually, verbascoside (67.2 mg) with the purity of 92.6% and echinacoside (3.96 mg) with the purity of 98.9% were obtained from 5 g powdered leaves of P. digitalis. Conclusion: The present mode of HSCCC coupled with semi-preparative HPLC could be a powerful method for the rapid isolation and purification of other phenylethanoid glycosides. © 2013 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines.

Apresentação do processo de confecção da cápsula do aparelho de amplificação sonora individual intra-aural por meio de digitalização / Presenting the process of making the capsule of intra-aural hearing aid through digitization

OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste estudo é apresentar as etapas do processo de confecção da cápsula do aparelho de amplificação sonora individual intra-aural por meio da digitalização. MÉTODO: foram utilizadas otoplásticas e os equipamentos Legato para realizar o escaneamento e Envisiontec para sinterização, ambos disponibilizados pela empresa Phonak. RESULTADOS: os resultados sinalizam para cápsula de aparelho de amplificação sonora individual intra-aurais, plenamente satisfatórias, sendo constatada todas as vantagens documentadas pelo fabricante. CONCLUSÃO: a nova técnica de confecção de cápsula por meio de processo de digitalização demonstrou ser eficaz com alta qualidade e mantendo a impressão fiel da orelha, além de durabilidade significativa.

PURPOSE: the objective of this study is to present the steps involved in making the capsule of intra-aural hearing aids through scanning. METHOD: we used the Legato otoplasty equipment in order to perform scanning and Enisiontec for sintering, both provided by the company Phonak. RESULTS: the results point out to capsule-ear hearing aid, as being fully satisfying and with all the benefits documented by the manufacturer. CONCLUSION: a new technique in order to make the capsule through the scanning process has been proven effective and with high quality and keeping the faithful imprint of the ear, in addition to significant durability.

Case for diagnosis / Caso para diagnóstico

Infantile digital fibromatosis or Reye's tumor is a benign fibroproliferative tumor, the etiopathogenesis of which has yet to be fully clarified. It typically presents at birth or in the first year of life and is characterized by a firm, flesh colored or erythematous nodule or nodules located on the digits. These lesions tend to regress spontaneously.

A fibromatose digital infantil ou tumor de Reye é um tumor fibroso benigno de etiologia desconhecida, presente ao nascimento ou com aparecimento no primeiro ano de vida. Caracteriza-se por nódulos firmes, únicos ou múltiplos, normocrômicos ou eritematosos, localizados nas falanges, com tendência à regressão espontânea.

Avaliação do escoamento e radiopacidade de dois cimentos endodônticos / Evaluation of flow and radiopacity of two root canal sealers

Introdução: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as propriedades do escoamento e radiopacidade de dois cimentos endodônticos, Endofill e EZ-Fill de acordo com a especificação número 57 da ADA. Método: Para análise do escoamento foram feitas 20 amostras divididas em GRUPO 1 (Endofill) e GRUPO 2 (EZ-Fill). Para tal 0,5 ml do cimento era depositado no centro de uma placa de vidro de 10 X 10 cm. Decorridos 3 minutos, outra placa de vidro e um peso de chumbo, totalizando 120 g, foram colocados sobre o material. Após 10 min o peso foi removido e a média do diâmetro maior e menor dos discos obtidos foi determinada por um paquímetro. Para a análise da radiopacidade 10 anéis metálicos foram utilizados: 5 do Grupo 3 (EZ-Fill) e 5 do Grupo 4 (Endofill) foram preenchidos com os cimentos. Os corpos de prova foram radiografados com uma escala de alumínio com 10 degraus uniformes. Para a obtenção das radiografias foi utilizado um aparelho de raio X Dabi Atlante a uma distância foco objeto de 400 mm e tempo de exposição 0,1 seg. As radiografias foram digitalizadas, armazenadas em um microcomputador e analisadas através de um software específico. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste t de Student a 5% apresentando diferença significante (p<0,0001). Resultados: Os resultados encontrados demonstraram escoamento superior a 25 mm em ambos os cimentos dos grupos 1 e 2 e radiopacidade superior a 3 mm de alumínio dos grupos 3 e 4, cumprindo-se a especificação número 57 da ADA. Conclusão: O cimento Endofill apresentou escoamento superior, enquanto o cimento EZ-Fill apresentou maior radiopacidade

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the flow properties and radiopacity of two root canal sealers filling, the Endofill (Grossman of cement) and EZ-Fill according to ADA specification number 57 for filling materials). Methods: 20 samples were divided into two groups: Group 1 (Endofill), Group 2 (EZ-Fill).Each group was composed of 10 samples. For the analysis of flow 0.5 ml of material was loaded into a disposable syringe and deposited in the center of a placar glass 10 cm X 10 cm. 180 seconds after the start of operation, another plate of glass and a weight of lead were placed over the material, totaling 120 g. 10 minutes after the beginning of the mixture the weight was removed and the average diameter of the largest and smallest of the disc obtained was determined by a caliper. For the analysis of radiopacity, 10 metal rings, 5 of Group 3 (EZ-Fill) and 5 of Group 4 (Endofill) containing holes of 2 mm in height and 10 mm in diameter were filled with cement. The samples were radiographed together with a ranger of 99% aluminum (alloy 1100) with 10 uniform steps (1 mm to 10 mm thick). To obtain the radiographs an X-ray apparatus Dabi Atlante (70 kvp, 8 mA) was used to a focus object distance of 400 mm and exposure time 0.1 seconds. The radiographs were digitized using a Kodak scanner ? LS 85 Film Digitizer, USA, stored in a microcomputer and analyzed by a specific software for reading images (Image J). The data were submitted to the Student t test at 5% showing a significant difference (p < 0.0001). Results: The results obtained were: flow higher than 25 mm in both cements of Group 1 (Endofill 54.69 mm) and Group 2 (EZ-Fill 42.41 mm) and radiopacity of Group 3 (EZ-Fill) equivalent to 10 mm of aluminum and Group 4 (Endofill) equivalent to 7 mm aluminum. It was concluded that the cement Endofill showed a higher flow than the cement EZ-Fill and the EZ-Fill cement presented a higher radiopacity of the cement Endofill

Digitalis (Cardiac Glycoside) Poisoning after Foxglove Ingestion: Case Report

Digoxin, also known as digitalis, is a purified cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. Digoxin-mediated cardiac glycoside toxicity due to accidental plant ingestion can occur. Presently, a 69-year-old woman visited our emergency department with epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting after ingestion of a plant. Physical examination and initial laboratory blood test results were within normal limits. An electrocardiogram (ECG) showed sinus bradycardia with first degree AV block and diffuse ST-segment depressions in a "scooping" pattern. The plant was identified as D. purpurea, and the patient's serum digoxin level was 2.89 ng/mL. The patient was treated conservatively in the absence of any life-threatening event. Recovery was uneventful.

Digoxin's roles in heart failure patients: An overview / Los roles de digoxina en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca: Una revisión / Os papéis da digoxina em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca: Uma revisão geral

Digitalis, particularly digoxin, have played an important role in the treatment of heart failure (HF) for over 200 years. In the past three decades, with the greatest knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disease, neurohumoral blockers were more effective in reducing morbidity and mortality and gained greater prominence. In addition, studies have suggested that digoxin does not reduce the risk of death and, in some cases, may even increase it. Thus, its use has been questioned and discouraged. This review aims to look at the pharmacology of digoxin, studies on its benefits and risks in patients with moderate to severe systolic HF and diastolic HF also. This review looks forward to answering the following question: Is there still room for the use of digitalis in HF?.

Los digitálicos, y digoxina en particular, han jugado un papel importante en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) por más de 200 años. En las últimas tres décadas, con un mayor conocimiento de la fisiopatología de la enfermedad, los bloqueadores neurohumorales se mostraron más eficaces en la reducción de la morbi-mortalidad y ganaron mayor prominencia. Además, los estudios han sugerido que digoxina no reduce el riesgo de muerte y, en algunos casos, puede incluso aumentarlo. De esta manera, su uso ha sido muy cuestionado y desalentado. Esta revisión trata de contemplar la farmacología de digoxina, los estudios sobre sus beneficios y los riesgos en pacientes con IC sistólica moderada a severa y también en la IC diastólica. Se busca con esta revisión, contestar la siguiente pregunta: ¿existe todavía espacio para el uso del digitálicos en la IC?.

Os digitais, e a digoxina em especial, têm desempenhado papel importante no tratamento da Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC) há mais de 200 anos. Nas últimas três décadas, com o maior conhecimento da fisiopatologia da doença, os bloqueadores neuro-humorais mostraram-se mais eficazes em reduzir a morbi-mortalidade e ganharam maior destaque. Além disso, estudos sugeriram que a digoxina não reduz o risco de morrer e, em algumas situações, pode, inclusive, aumentá-lo. Desta forma, seu uso chegou a ser bastante questionado e desestimulado. Esta revisão procura contemplar a farmacologia da digoxina, os estudos sobre seus benefícios e riscos em pacientes com IC sistólica moderada a grave e também na IC diastólica. Procuramos, com esta revisão, responder à seguinte questão: ainda existe espaço para o uso de digitais na IC?.