Research progress on chemical constituents and biological activities of Sarcandra glabra / 中国中药杂志

Sarcandra glabra, a medicinal plant in family Chloranthaceae, has been taken as an important raw material for multiple Chinese patent drugs due to its diverse indications. Considering the diversified chemical constituents and rich biological activities of S. glabra, numerous phytochemical and pharmacodynamic investigations were conducted to explore the material basis for its medicinal use. It has been found that its main chemical constituents were sesquiterpenoids, sesquiterpenoid polymers, phenolic acids, coumarins, and flavonoids. As revealed by pharmacological research, it possesses multiple biological activities like anti-inflammation, anti-bacteria, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, and neuroprotection. Some unreported novel structures, including polymers of lindenane sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes, sesquiterpene trimers, and adducts of flavonoids and monoterpenes, have been identified from S. glabra in recent years. Moreover, biological studies relating to its anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activities have been deepened. This paper reviewed the chemical constituents and bioactivities of S. glabra explored over the past ten years, so as to provide a scientific basis for further development and utilization of this plant.

Caprini model for prevention of venous thromboembolism in coma patients after surgery for severe traumatic brain injury / 中国基层医药

Objective:To analyze the preventive effect of Caprini model on venous thromboembolism (VTE) in coma patients after severe craniocerebral trauma.Methods:A total of 190 patients with severe craniocerebral trauma who received treatment in Lishui City People's Hospital, China between January 2015 and April 2019 were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group ( n = 95/group). Patients in the control group underwent the conventional strategy to prevent lower extremity VTE. Patients in the observation group were subjected to individualized strategies to prevent lower extremity VTE based on Caprini model assessment. The drop-out rate and treatment outcome were compared between the control and observation groups. The proportion of patients developing VTE during treatment in Department of Intensive Care Unit and the changes in coagulation indexes relative to before treatment were compared between the two groups. Results:There was no significant difference in drop-out rate between the control and observation group [10.53% (10/95) vs. 8.42% (8/95), χ2 = 0.245, P < 0.05]. The proportion of patients developing VTE in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [2.30% (2/87) vs. 10.59% (9/85), χ2 = 4.935, P < 0.05]. At 7 days after surgery, the coagulation indices D-dimer, platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time in the observation group were (2.27 ± 0.43) mg/L, (281.62 ± 37.29) × 10 9/L, (12.93 ± 2.87) seconds and (34.35 ± 7.19) seconds, respectively, which were (3.31 ± 0.68) mg/L, (303.28 ± 39.96) × 10 9/L, (11.24 ± 2.46) seconds and (31.16 ± 6.82) seconds, respectively in the control group. The coagulation indices in the observation group were significantly superior to those in the control group ( t = 10.013, 3.070, -3.463, -2.493, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:The Caprini model is effective in preventing VTE in patients with coma after surgery for severe traumatic brain injury. It deserves to be clinically applied.

Research progress on chemical constituents from Chloranthus plants and their biological activities / 中国中药杂志

The genus Chloranthus has 13 species and 5 varieties in China, which can be found in the southwest and northeast regions. Phytochemical studies on Chloranthus plants have reported a large amount of terpenoids, such as diterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoid dimers. Their anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, antifungal, antivirus, and neuroprotection activities have been confirmed by previous pharmacological research. Herein, research on the chemical constituents from Chloranthus plants and their biological activities over the five years was summarized to provide scientific basis for the further development and utilization of Chloranthus plants.

New guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid dimers from

Leading by cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells, bioactivity-guided fractionation of the EtOAc fraction from

Dímeros D e hiperglucemia y mortalidad en COVID-19 en un centro hospitalario de México / D-dimers, hyperglycemia and mortality in COVID-19 in a hospital in Mexico

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre la concentración de glucosa al ingreso y los niveles circulantes de dímeros D en pacientes hospitalizados por enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Pacientes y métodos: Se estudiaron 187 pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19. Se evaluaron las características bioquímicas, la concentración de glucosa y dímeros D, la gravedad de la enfermedad definida por la presencia de neumonía y/o insuficiencia respiratoria que ameritó ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI) y la causa del egreso hospitalario. Resultados: La edad promedio de los pacientes fue 52 años, el 68% eran hombres, un 40.8% con obesidad y un 23.5% con hipertensión. Del total de pacientes hospitalizados, el 45.5% presentaba diabetes o hiperglucemia a la admisión. La concentración de proteína C reactiva y de dímeros D (1,134 [646.5-4,135.0] vs. 755 [548.7-1,780.0] ng/ml; p = 0.04] fue superior en pacientes con diabetes e hiperglucemia, en comparación con los pacientes con glucosa normal. Los pacientes que requirieron VMI presentaron también mayor concentración de dímeros D. Se observó una correlación directa entre las concentraciones de glucosa inicial y dímeros D (r: 0.239; p = 0.003). Conclusión: En los pacientes con COVID-19 el estado hiperglucémico se asocia directamente con un incremento de la concentración de dímeros D. Los resultados de este estudio deben conducir a insistir en el control glucémico como estrategia fundamental en los pacientes con COVID-19.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the association between glucose level at admission and circulating levels of D-dimers in patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: 187 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 were studied. Biochemical characteristics, glucose and D-dimers levels, severity of disease, defined by the presence of pneumonia and/or respiratory failure that required invasive mechanical ventilation (IVM) and the cause of hospital discharge were evaluated. Results: Age was 52 years, 68% were male, 40.8% with obesity and 23.5% with hypertension. Of the total of hospitalized patients, 45.5% had diabetes or hyperglycemia upon admission. Patients with diabetes and/or admission hyperglycemia had higher levels of protein C-reactive and D-dimers [(1134 (646.5-4135.0) vs. 755 (548.7-1780.0) ng/ml, p = 0.04], compared to patients with normal glucose level. Patients who required IMV also had a higher concentration of D-dimers. A correlation between glucose and D-dimers levels was evidenced (r=0.239, p=0.003). Conclusions: In patients with COVID-19, the hyperglycemic state is directly associated with an increase in the concentration of D-dimers and severity of disease. The results of this study should lead to insisting on glycemic control as a fundamental strategy in patients with COVID-19.

Anormalidades hematológicas en pacientes con el SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) y sus implicaciones pronósticas / Hematological abnormalities in patients with the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and its prognostic implications

Resumen La infección por coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave condiciona un gran número de anormalidades pulmonares y sistémicas que basan su fisiopatogenia en la inmunotrombosis. Específicamente para el área de la hematología desde los primeros estudios de caracterización clínica y paraclínica se identificaron anormalidades hematológicas y de la hemostasia que se han documentado de forma consistente en diferentes publicaciones y cuyo conocimiento es trascendente desde el punto de vista de pronóstico. Durante el curso de la enfermedad, la evaluación longitudinal de algunos parámetros hematológicos es primordial para la identificación temprana de pacientes potencialmente complicables. El conteo absoluto de leucocitos, la depleción linfoide y la trombocitopenia son los marcadores hematológicos principalmente alterados. La linfopenia severa es un hallazgo cardinal en la fase temprana de la infección y su persistencia durante la progresión de la enfermedad tiene mayor impacto pronóstico adverso. La determinación de los índices hemáticos neutrófilo:linfocito y linfocito:plaqueta también ha demostrado su utilidad como predictores de complicaciones respiratorias y mortalidad. Un estado de hipercoagulabilidad demostrado por niveles altos de dímero D y/o productos de degradación de fibrinógeno y diversas alteraciones hemostásicas en el perfil de coagulación se asocian a una mayor tasa de morbimortalidad. Otros biomarcadores inflamatorios, incluidos proteína C reactiva, procalcitonina y ferritina, podrían identificar tempranamente aquellos casos que requieren de soporte ventilatorio y/o hemodinámico avanzado. En esta revisión se abordan los antecedentes históricos de la patología y las principales alteraciones hematológicas y de la hemostasia y sus implicaciones pronósticas.

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection conditions a large number of pulmonary and systemic abnormalities that base its physiopathogenesis on immunothrombosis. Specifically, for the area of hematology, from the first clinical and paraclinical characterization studies, hematological and hemostasis abnormalities have been identified that have been consistently documented through different publications and whose knowledge is transcendent from the prognostic point of view. During the course of the disease, longitudinal evaluation of some hematological parameters is essential for the early identification of potentially complicated patients. Absolute leukocyte count, lymphoid depletion, and thrombocytopenia are the principally altered hematologic markers. Severe lymphopenia is a cardinal finding in the early phase of infection, and its persistence during disease progression has a greater adverse prognostic impact. The determination of the neutrophil/ lymphocyte and lymphocyte/ platelet hematic indices have also shown their usefulness as predictors of respiratory complications and mortality. A state of hypercoagulability demonstrated by high levels of D-dimer and or fibrinogen degradation products and various hemostatic alterations in the coagulation profile are associated with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality. Other inflammatory biomarkers including C-Reactive Protein, procalcitonin and ferritin can early identify those cases that require advanced ventilatory and/or hemodynamic support. In this review, the historical antecedents of the pathology and the main hematological and hemostasis alterations and their prognostic implications are addressed.

Extraction, separation, and evaluation of antioxidant effect of the different fractions of polyphenols from cocoa beans / Extracción, separación y evaluación del efecto antioxidante de las diferentes fracciones de polifenoles de los granos de cacao / Extração, Separação e Avaliação do Efeito Antioxidante das Diferentes Frações de Polifenóis de Grãos de Cacau

Abstract Polyphenol Extracts (PE) hold antioxidant properties, which might be related to positive effects on human health. It has been stated that PE, obtained from cocoa beans, contain fractions of flavan-3-ols with different degrees of polymerization (DP). However, it is unknown which of the fractions or their mixture drives the best antioxidant activity. This paper reports the study conducted to elucidate the role of each fraction (with different DP) on Antioxidant Capacity (AC). First, the process of extraction and separation of polyphenols' fractions in cocoa beans was executed; afterward, AC was determined for each fraction individually and their combinations (monomers, dimers and oligomers). Solid-liquid extraction was made by using a 50% (v/v) ethanol solution and a mass:solvent ratio of 1:120 in an ultrasound bath. PE were separated into monomers, dimers, and oligomers by HPLC using a semipreparative column. The results obtained show that PE contain 95.35, 7.45, and 21.75 mg EE (epicatechin equivalents) / g ds of monomers, dimers, and oligomers, respectively. Finally, the AC of each fraction was evaluated using a complete cubic model mix design. According to the results, the best AC was obtained for dimers. However, when monomers, dimers and oligomers were mixed, an antagonistic effect on AC was observed.

Resumen Los extractos polifenólicos (PE) tienen propiedades antioxidantes positivas para la salud humana. Se conoce que los PE obtenidos del cacao contienen fracciones de flavan-3-ols con diferentes grados de polimerización (DP). Sin embargo, se desconoce qué fracción o mezcla de ellos posee mayor capacidad antioxidante. Este trabajo se realizó con el fin de evaluar la capacidad antioxidante (AC) de cada fracción polifenólica (con diferentes DP) extraída del cacao. Primero, se realizó un proceso de extracción y separación de las fracciones de polifenoles en los granos de cacao. Luego, se determinó la AC para cada fracción individual y combinada (monómeros, dímeros y oligómeros). La extracción sólido-líquido se realizó utilizando una solución de etanol en agua al 50 % (v/v) y una relación masa:solvente de 1:120 en un baño de ultrasonido. El extracto PE se separó en monómeros, dímeros y oligómeros por HPLC usando una columna semipreparativa. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el extracto PE contiene 95,35, 7,45 y 21,75 mg EE (equivalentes de epicatequina) / g ds de monómeros, dímeros y oligómeros, respectivamente. Finalmente, se evaluó la CA de cada fracción utilizando un diseño de mezcla de modelo cúbico completo. Según los resultados, se obtuvo una mayor AC para dímeros; sin embargo, se observó un efecto antagonista de la AC cuando se mezclan monómeros, dímeros y oligómeros.

Resumo Os extratos de polifenóis (PE) possuem propriedades antioxidantes, que podem estar relacionadas a efeitos positivos para a saúde humana. Foi afirmado que o PE, obtido a partir de grãos de cacau, contém frações de flavan-3-ols com diferentes graus de polimerização (DP). No entanto, não se sabe qual fração ou mistura deles impulsiona a melhor atividade antioxidante. Este artigo relata os achados de um estudo realizado com o objetivo de elucidar o papel de cada fração (com DP diferente) na capacidade antioxidante (AC). Inicialmente, o processo de extração e separação de frações de polifenóis 'em grãos de cacau é descrito. Posteriormente, é determinada a AC para cada fração isolada e combinada (monômeros, dímeros e oligômeros). A extração sólido-líquido foi realizada utilizando uma solução de etanol a 50% (v/v) e uma razão massa: solvente de 1: 120 em um banho de ultrassom. O PE foi separado em monômeros, dímeros e oligômeros por HPLC usando uma coluna semi-preparativa. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o PE contém 95,35, 7,45 e 21,75 mg EE (equivalentes de epicatequina) / g ds de monômeros, dímeros e oligômeros, respectivamente. Finalmente, o efeito de cada fração na AC foi avaliado usando um modelo de mistura cúbica completo. De acordo com os resultados, a melhor AC foi obtida para os dímeros; no entanto, um efeito antagônico na AC foi observado quando monômeros, dímeros e oligômeros foram misturados.

Antimalarial activity of a novel series of artemisinin-derived 1, 2, 3-triazole dimers

Objective: To obtain suitable artimisinin-based drug candidates with high antimalarial activity. Methods: Three different reaction schemes were used to synthesize a total of 15 artemisinin-based compounds. The first synthetic scheme involved the synthesis of diazido aliphatic and aromatic compounds from commercially available dihalides and azido derivatives of artemisinin. The second scheme consisted of the reaction of dibromoaliphatic compounds with sodium azide in dimethylformamide which yielded the desired compounds. Artemisinin-based compounds on treatment with sodium azide and bromotrimethylsilane in dichloromethane produced the most potent compound GB-2. Another potent compound GB-1 was synthesized from artemisinin by treatment with alcohols in the presence of Aberlyst-15 in anhydrous dichloromethane. The third scheme involved the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between the synthesized aliphatic and aromatic diazides and two alkyne derivatives of artemisinin to obtain the desired artemisinin dimers with average yields. Results: The best in vitro antiplasmodial activity was shown by the compound GB-2 registering IC

Antimalarial activity of a novel series of artemisinin-derived 1, 2, 3-triazole dimers

Objective: To obtain suitable artimisinin-based drug candidates with high antimalarial activity. Methods: Three different reaction schemes were used to synthesize a total of 15 artemisinin-based compounds. The first synthetic scheme involved the synthesis of diazido aliphatic and aromatic compounds from commercially available dihalides and azido derivatives of artemisinin. The second scheme consisted of the reaction of dibromoaliphatic compounds with sodium azide in dimethylformamide which yielded the desired compounds. Artemisinin-based compounds on treatment with sodium azide and bromotrimethylsilane in dichloromethane produced the most potent compound GB-2. Another potent compound GB-1 was synthesized from artemisinin by treatment with alcohols in the presence of Aberlyst-15 in anhydrous dichloromethane. The third scheme involved the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between the synthesized aliphatic and aromatic diazides and two alkyne derivatives of artemisinin to obtain the desired artemisinin dimers with average yields. Results: The best in vitro antiplasmodial activity was shown by the compound GB-2 registering IC50 value 0.066 μg/mL against chloroquine-sensitive and 0.865 μg/mL against chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. It suppressed 59.0% parasitaemia in vivo of rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei in Swiss albino model at 50 μg/kg body weight dosage. Molecular docking interactions of Plasmodium falciparum ATP6 (PfATP6) protein revealed strong bonding of GB-2 with Thr255 residue which is likely to be the reason for excellent antimalarial activity of this compound. Conclusion: Two compounds GB-1 and GB-2 exhibited excellent in vitro antiplasmodial activity and fair in vivo antimalarial activity. Of the two, GB-2 showed better activity which could be attributed to its strong bonding interactions with Thr255 as evidenced from the molecular docking study. Study helped in identifying artemisinin analogues possessing good antimalarial properties and further research in structural alterations of the selected molecules should be carried out which may result in obtaining potent drug candidates against the malarial parasite.

Chemical constituents in lindenane-type sesquiterpene dimers in roots of Chloranthus multistachys / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents contained in the ethanol extracts from the roots of Chloranthus multistachys. Methods: Twelve compounds were separated from the roots of C. multistachys and their structures were identified by using various chromatographic techniques. Results: The structures of the 12 lindenane-type sesquiterpene dimmers from the chloroform and ethyl acetate extract in the roots of C. multistachys were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data as 9-O-β-glucopyranosylcycloshizukaol A (1), cycloshizukaol A (2), shizukaol B (3), shizukaol C (4), shizukaol D (5), shizukaol F (6), shizukaol G (7), chloramultiol B (8), sarcandrolide B (9), sarglabolide I (10), 8-O-methyltianmushanol (11), and henriol B (12). Conclusion: Compounds 1, 7, and 9-12 are isolated from the roots C. multistachys for the first time and compounds 9 and 10 are obtained from the plants of Chloranthus Sw. for the first time.

Changes of coagulation and fibrinolysis function and PLT in patients with lung cancer before and after ;chemotherapy / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the changes of blood coagulation and fibrinolytic function and PLT in patients with lung cancer before and after chemotherapy,and to investigate the changes of the patients with lung cancer and the influence of the changes with lung cancer and the prognosis.Methods 40 patients with lung cancer(observation group)treated in our department from March 2012 to May 2014 were selected as the research subjects.The changes of coagulation and fibrinolytic activity,PT(PTINR),APTT,thrombin time(Fib),thrombin time(D -D),thrombin time (TT),D -D,and PLT were analyzed.The relationship between the parameters and the lung cancer staging was analyzed. Results Before chemotherapy,the levels of Fib,PLT,D -D,PT,PTNR,APTT,TT,PLT were (11.34 ±1.14)s, (1.01 ±0.07),(24.34 ±4.53)s,(2.54 ±0.45)g/L,(184.31 ±10.88)×109 /L,(143.35 ±23.45)ng/mL, (14.55 ±4.56)s.After chemotherapy,the levels of Fib,PLT,D -D,PT,PTNR,APTT,TT,PLT were (11.57 ± 1.36)s,(1.03 ±0.05),(24.52 ±5.32)s,(3.63 ±0.65)g/L,(210.45 ±11.24)×109 /L,(126.56 ±26.55)ng/mL, (14.34 ±4.17)s.The contents of Fib and PLT after chemotherapy were higher than before chemotherapy(t =0.024, 0.025,all P 0.05).Compared with patients with stage Ⅰ ~Ⅱ lung cancer,Fib level in stage Ⅲ ~Ⅳ lung cancer was higher (t =0.01,P 0.05).Conclusion PLT and Fib were increased,but D -D decreased after chemotherapy,the tumor remission rate was higher in D -D group,which indica-ted that the levels of Fib and D -D should be changed in the course of clinical chemotherapy.

Effects of different dose tranexamic acid in fibrinolysis during liver transplantation / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of different dose of tranexamic acid in fibrinolysis during liver transplantation. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅱ~ Ⅳ liver transplant recipients, were randomly, double-blind assigned to one of 3 groups (n = 20): group control (group C), group tranexamic acid 1 (group T1) and group tranexamic acid 2 (group T2). The patients in group C received a loading dose of normal saline 10 mL, then continued infuse normal saline at 20 mL/h until neohepatic phase 120 min, while in other two groups, patients received a loading dose of tranexamic acid 1 g, totally 10 mL, followed by continuous infusion at 10 mg/(kg·h) in group T1 or 20 mg/(kg·h) in group T2 until neohepatic phase 120 min. Prothrombin time, fibrinogen, fibrin degradation product and D-dimers were measured before operation (T0), 120 min after the skin incision (T1), nonhepatic phase 30 min (T2), neohepatic phase 120 min (T3). Blood loss, fresh frozen plasma dosage, fibrinogen dosage and thromboembolic events were recorded. Results The plasma concentration of fibrin degradation product and plasma concentration of D-dimers were different in the 3 groups, group T2 0.05). Conclusions Continuous infusion of tranexamic acid can inhibit fibrinolysis during liver transplantation. No adverse event of thrombosis was detected. Larger dose of tranexamic acid can reduce blood loss and fresh frozen plasma transfusion.

Protective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on ultraviolet B-induced damage and its possible mechanisms / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To estimate the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on the production and clearance of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) as well as on the expression of two nucleotide excision repair-associated proteins,xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) and excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1),by ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated murine epidermal cells and human HaCaT keratinocytes.Methods Totally,42 BALB/c mice were shaved on the back and divided into four groups: untreated group (n =6),UVB group irradiated with UVB only (n =12),low-dose and high-dose Rb1 group (both n =12) treated with Rb1 of 0.5 g/L and 2g/L (100 μl/cm2) respectively two hours before UVB irradiation.The dose of UVB in the animal experiment was 180 mJ/cm2.Half of the mice in each group were killed at 0.5 and 16 hours respectively after the irradiation,then,the back skin was resected and subjected to the determination of CPD levels in the epidermis by immunohistochemical SP method.Some cultured HaCaT cells were divided into several groups to be treated with different concentrations (5,20,50 mg/L) of Rb1 before or after different doses (15 and 30 mnJ/cm2) of UVB irradiation,and cells were collected at 0.5 and 12 hours after the irradiation.Subsequently,genomic DNA was extracted and CPD was detected by dot blot hybridization.Some HaCaT cells were cultured with or without the presence of Rb1 (50 mg/L) and irradiated with UVB (30 mJ/cm2),then,the cells were collected immediately or at 0.5,2,4 and 12 hours after the irradiation,and total protein was extracted and subjected to immunoblot analysis for the quantification of XPC and ERCC1 proteins.Results There was a high level of CPD in the epidermis of mice at 0.5 hour after the irradiation,with no significant differences between these groups (P ＞ 0.05).The number of CPD-positive cells per high power field (× 400) in the murine epidermis at 16 hours was statistically lower in the low-and high-dose Rb1 group than in the UVB group (32.1 ± 8.5 and 14.6 ± 4.1 vs.67.3 ± 11.2,both P ＜0.01).The CPD level in HaCaT cells was similar between these groups at 0.5 hour after UVB irradiation,but was markedly decreased at 12 hours in Rb1-treated groups.After UVB irradiation,the protein expressions of XPC and ERCC1 decreased with time in untreated HaCaT cells but increased with time in Rb1 (50 mg/L)-treated HaCaT cells.In detail,the XPC/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein ratio in untreated HaCaT cells was 0.68 ± 0.11 immediately after the irradiation,significantly higher than that at 0.5 hour (0.47 ± 0.09,P＜0.05),2 hours (0.45 ± 0.08,P＜0.05),4 hours (0.37 ± 0.06,P＜0.01),and 12 hours (0.18 ± 0.03,P ＜0.01),and that in Rb1-treated HaCaT cells was 0.56 ± 0.07 immediately after the irradiation,compared to 0.48 ± 0.14 at 0.5 hour (P＞ 0.05),0.68 ± 0.15 at 2 hours (P＞ 0.05),0.97 ± 0.20 at 4 hours (P＜0.01),and 0.79 ± 0.12 at 12 hours (P ＜0.05).The ERCC1/GAPDH protein ratio in untreated HaCaT cells was 0.28 ± 0.03 immediately after the irradiation,higher than that at 0.5 hour (0.25 ± 0.03,P ＞ 0.05),2 hours (0.21 ± 0.02,P＜0.05),4 hours (0.14 ± 0.02,P＜0.01) and 12 hours (0.11 ± 0.01,P＜0.01),and that in Rb1-treated HaCaT cells was 0.27 ± 0.04 immediately after the irradiation,compared to 0.24 ± 0.04 at 0.5 hour (P＞ 0.05),0.29 ± 0.05 at 2 hours (P＞ 0.05),0.35 ± 0.05 at 4 hours (P＜0.05),0.39 ± 0.05 at 12 hours (P ＜0.01).Conclusions Ginsenoside Rb1 shows no obvious effect on the UVB-induced production of CPD,but markedly accelerates the clearance of CPD,which may be partly associated with the upregulation of XPC and ERCC1 protein expression.

Study the significance of blood VEGF,PAPP-A,D-D and urinary NAG/Cr ratio in patients with PIH / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To study the clinical significance of changes of blood contents of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF).Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A(PAPP-A),D-dimers(D-D)and Urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase/Creatinine (NAG/Cr)Ratio in patients with Pregnancy Induced Hypertension syndrome(PIH).Methods Serum VEGF and PAPP-A(with ELISA),plasma D-dimers(with biochemistry)and NAG/Cr(with velocity)contents were measured in 92 pregnant women with PIH and 35 controls.Results The serum VEGF contents in patients with PIH were significantly lower than those in controls(P<0.01)while PAPP-A,D-dimers and NAG/Cr contents were significantly higher(P<0.01).Those changes were especially marked in patients with advanced diseases.Conclusion Changes of blood contents of VEGF,PAPP-A D-dimers and Urinary NAG/Cr Ratio were closely related with the disease process of PIH.Determination of these changes was of clinical diagnostic as well as prognostic value.

Interference by baicalin in the formation of photoproduct in epidermal cells from BALB/c mice irradiated with ultroviolet B / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate the formation and elimination of photoproduct in epidermal cells from BALB/c mice irradiated with ultroviolet B, and to observe the interference by baicalin in it. Methods BALB/c mice were randomized into 6 groups, I.e., blank control group receiving no exposure or protection, baicalin group receiving protection with baicalin, acetone group receiving acetone pretreatment, UVB group receiving UVB irradiation but no protection, UVB + baicalin group receiving UVB irradiation and protection with baicalin, UVB + acetone group receiving acetone pretreatment and UVB irradiation. Baicalin was applied at 1 mg/cm2 on the back of mice for 3 days in baicalin group and UVB + baicalin group. Twenty hours after the last application, UVB irradiation of 180 mJ/cm2 was given to mice in UVB group and UVB + baicalin group. Skin specimens were obtained from the tested sites at 1, 24, and 48 hours, respectively, after the irradiation. Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) was detected in the specimens with immunohistochemical staining and Southwestern dot blotting. Results CPD was observed only in irradiated mice. The relative content of CPD in epidermal cells 1, 24 and 48 hours after the irradiation was (100±5.22)%, (75.34±8.22)% and (42.11±3.24)%, respectively, in UVB group, (81.45±5.22)%, (32.14±6.33)% and ( 5.21±3.15 )% respectively, in UVB+baicalin group, ( 106±8.21 )%, (70.23±4.13 )% and (41.22±4.21)%, respectively, in UVB + acetone group. A significant difference was observed in the relative content of CPD between UVB group and UVB + baicalin group at 1, 24 and 48 hours after the irradiation (P<0.05, 0.01, 0.01, respectively). Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that topical baicalin application mitigates DNA photo-damage. Baicalin is therefore a promising protective substance against UVB radiation.

Changes of thrombin-antithrombin complex and other variables in acute respiratory distress syndrome / 中国基层医药

Objective To measure D-Dimer(DD) ,thrombin-antithrombin complex(TAT), lasmin-antiplasrain complex(PAP) and protein C(PC) in ARDS,to find the clinical significance of them,discuss the objective base in the early diagnosis of ARDS in the lab, and offer the serologic bases in the treatment and prognosis of ARDS.Methods 105 patients of ARDS were selected as the study group, and 105 people were selected as the control group, all of whom were healthy with no thrombus diseases. The venous blood of everyone in both groups was sampied,in order to take a quantitative determination of plasma prothrombin time(PT), prothrombin time(TT), kadin partial thromboplastin time(APTT), the amount of blood platelet, DD, TAT, PAP, PC. Results Serum concentratation of D-D, TAT, PAP was significantly higher in patients in ARDS group than that in control group(P＜0.01).Serum concentratation of PC was significantly lower in patients in ARDS group than that in control group (P＜0.01). Conclusion Measuring the concentration of DD, TAT, PAP and PC was very important, which not only did good to the early diagnosis of ARDS,but also had a clinic value.

Protective effect of the isoflavone equol against DNA damage induced by ultraviolet radiation to hairless mouse skin

Equol, an isoflavonoid metabolite produced from the dietary isoflavone daidzein by the gut microflora in mammals, has been found to protect not only against ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced cutaneous inflammation and photoimmune suppression, but also have antiphotocarcinogenic properties in mice. Because the state of DNA damage has been correlated with suppression of the immune system and photocarcinogenesis, we have therefore examined the potential of equol to offer protection from solar-simulated UV (SSUV) radiation-induced DNA damage in hairless mice by the immunohistochemical approach using monoclonal antibody specific for cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs; H3 antibody). Topical application of 20 micrometer equol lotion, which was applied both before and after SSUV significantly reduced the number of CPDs. This reduction was evident immediately after SSUV exposure, at 1 h after exposure, and at 24 h after exposure, revealing 54%, 50%, and 26% reduction in CPDs, respectively. When the same concentration was applied for 5 consecutive days after SSUV exposure, there was no significant difference in the reduction of CPDs immediately after SSUV irradiation or at 1 hour afterwards, but there were significant reductions of 23% and 42% at 24 and 48 h after SSUV exposure, respectively. Despite apparently reducing the number of CPDs post-SSUV, topically applied equol did not appear to increase the rate of dimer removal. To conclude, equol applied topically prior to SSUV irradiation offers protection against CPD formation in hairless mice, possibly by acting as a suncreen and thus inhibiting DNA photodamage.

The effect of baicalin on the production and removal of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers by HaCaT cells after UVB irradiation / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate the production and removal of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) by HaCaT cells after UVB irradiation, and the effect of baicalin in this process. Methods HaCaT cells were cultured and irradiated with given dosages of UVB, and the production and removal of CPD by HaCaT cells at given time points after UVB irradiation were assessed by immunohistochemical method. In parallel studies, HaCaT cells were preincubated with baicalin, and the effect on CPD was evaluated. Results The damage to HaCaT cells was dependent on the dosage of UVB radiation. After irradiation with 30 mJ/cm2 of UVB, CPD formation peaked at 0.5 h. CPD was removed rapidly from HaCaT cells during the first 4 h; the rate of removal decreased thereafter, and the removal was almost complete by 24 h after the irradiation. The amount of CPD decreased significantly in HaCaT cells that were preincubated with baicalin solution before UVB irradiation than that in those without the preincubation (U = 2.324, P