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Background: The microbiological diagnosis of pulmonary TB by direct sputum smear microscopy plays a key role in routine diagnosis of TB and treatment follow up in Tuberculosis Control Programs in India. Direct smear preparation of clinical samples is hazardous for technicians working in centers without a bio-safety hood. Studies have shown that sensitivity of smear microscopy can be improved if the sputum sample is liquefied with one or more chemical reagents and then concentrated by centrifugation or sedimentation before acid fast staining. The present study aimed to quantify the gain in positivity of microscopic detection and to test its implementation in a peripheral laboratory participating. Methods: This is a prospective observational study were conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpalli, Nalgonda, Telangana, India. A total of 100 patients, of all age groups and sex, presenting to the OPD for the first time, with clinical suspicion of pulmonary or extrapulmonary TB was included in the study. All the demographic details of the patients were noted and consent was taken from patients. Salivary samples were immediately removed and a new sample was requested. The time between sputum collection and analysis was recorded. Results: In present study the 100 patients enrolled, the male/female ratio was 1.32, the mean age was 57 years (range 10–85), and 92% of patients were sampled for TB case detection. Only one patient had known HIV infection. Overall, AFB were detected on 44 smears prepared by the direct method (12.3%) and 55 smears prepared by the bleach method (16.0%), a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0006), giving an increase in positivity. The semi-quantitative results highlighted a significant gain in positivity (P < 0.001) with the bleach method. Conclusion: Our study, conducted in a population with a low prevalence of HIV/AIDS, confirms the benefits of the bleach method for the microscopic case detection of pulmonary TB. This rustic, simple and inexpensive method could easily be integrated into the routine of a peripheral laboratory after a short training period and strengthening of quality assurance.
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Objective:To explore the clinical value of dual-source CT direct method lower extremity deep vein CT angiography (DSCTV) and Doppler ultrasound (DUS) in the diagnosis of thrombosis in inferior vena cava and bilateral lower extremities deep venous.Methods: 40 suspected patients with lower extremities deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were enrolled to accept DSCTV, and the every original image data of this detection was analyzed by using multi- mode image reconstruction analysis. One week before and after DSCTV, all of patients need carried out DUS detections for inferior vena cava and bilateral lower extremities deep venous. 22 cases of these patients were detected by lower extremity deep vein X-ray digital subtraction angiography (DSA).Results: There was better consistency for diagnosis results between DUS and DSCTV, and their Kappa value was 0.784. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of DUS for lower extremity DVT, respectively, were 93.4%, 86.7% and 91.6%, and each result of DUS was lower than that of DSCTV (sensitivity with 97.2%, specificity with 91.1% and accuracy with 95.6%). By drawing ROC curve, the AUC value of DUS was 0.897, and that of DSCTV was 0.936, while the difference between them was no significant (Z=1.143,P>0.05).Conclusion: DSCTV possesses unique scanning and post-processing technique, which has a good reference value in the diagnosis for DVT
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Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo de 205 usuarios del Laboratorio Central del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, desde diciembre del 2013 hasta igual periodo del 2014, a fin de determinar los niveles de referencia de colesterol LDL por el método enzimático e identificar variaciones en las estimaciones del analito según 2 metodologías. Se aplicó la prueba estadística paramétrica de Anderson Darling. Predominaron el sexo masculino, el adulto joven y los pacientes normopeso. Se establecieron los valores de referencia para el colesterol LDL por método directo de 1,37 a 4,89 mmol/L para la población general. Se obtuvo un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson de 0,82 entre el método directo y la fórmula de Friedewald. Los valores obtenidos no se encontraron contenidos en el rango clínico establecido para este analito y aunque ambas metodologías se asociaron, dichos valores fueron marcadamente inferiores para el método calculado.
A descriptive study of 205 users of the Central Laboratory of "Saturnino Lora Torres" Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from December, 2013 to the same period in 2014, in order to determine the reference levels of LDL cholesterol for the enzymatic method and identify estimates variations of analito according to 2 methodologies. Anderson Darling's parametric statistical test was applied. Male sex, young adult and the patients with normal weight prevailed. The reference values were established for LDL cholesterol by direct method from 1.37 to 4.89 mmol/L for the general population. A Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.82 was obtained between the direct method and the Friedewald formula. The obtained values were not contained in the established clinical range for this analito and although both methodologies were associated, such values were markedly inferior for the calculated method.
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Lipoproteins , Cholesterol, LDL , Secondary CareABSTRACT
Objective To research and evaluate cell counting random error for cell sheet of T lymphocyte subsets in the practical McAb‐A‐E direct method ,and old method of McAb‐A‐E direct method compared .Methods Randomly selected 20 specimens ,cell sheet of T lymphocyte subsets on counting 200 cell at least 2 area from 2/6~4/6 area ,counting area non‐repeated ,CD4+ and CD8+continuous counter 4 times ,CD3+ continuous counter 2 times .Results In the practical McAb‐A‐E direct method ,random error mean of cell counting was separately CD3+ :7 .86 ,CD4+ :9 .99 ,CD8+ :8 .55 ,CD4+ /CD8+ :0 .33 ,lower than old method of McAb‐A‐E direct method ,that was CD3+ :15 .00 ,CD4+ :13 .80 ,CD8+ :10 .70 ,CD4+ /CD8+ :0 .69 .Conclusion Cell counting random error in practical McAb‐A‐E direct method for cell sheet of T lymphocyte subsets is less than old method of McAb‐A‐E direct method .
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The purpose of this study is to verify the influence of light curing type on retention force of direct technique and direct-indirect technique.Forty bovine single root teeth with 12mm length were used in this study. Roots were endodontically treated and randomly divided into four groups according to the light curing unit and the technique used: group HD (direct technique, halogen lamp), group LD (direct technique, LED), group HI (direct-indirect technique, halogen lamp), group LI (direct-indirect technique, LED). Retention force was determined using a Universal Testing Machine (Instron). All data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukeys test. After the test, failure was examined and classified according to the fracture place: post/ resin; resin/dentin; mix. Group HI (246.05N ± 29.51) and LI (241.60N ± 28.95) did not show difference statistically but presented higher retention force than group HD (142.30N ± 25.60) and LD (178.56N ± 25.67). Most of fracture occurred in interface between dentin/resin. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that adhesive cementation technique influenced in the retention of glass fiber post
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do tipo de luz sobre força de adesão de pinos feitos pela técnica direta ou indireta. Quarenta dentes bovinos unirradiculares com 12 milímetros de comprimento foram utilizadas neste estudo. As raízes foram tratadas endodonticamente e divididas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos de acordo com a unidade de fotoativação e técnica utilizada: grupo 1 (técnica direta, lâmpada halógena), grupo 2 (técnica direta, LED), grupo 3 (técnica direta indireta, lâmpada halógena ), grupo 4 (técnica direta indireta, LED). A força de retenção foi determinada utilizando-se uma máquina universal de ensaios (Instron). Todos os dados foram analisados pela análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey. Após o teste, as falhas foram analisadas e classificadas de acordo com o local de fratura: pino / resina; resina / dentina ou mista. Os Grupos 3 (246,05 N ± 29,51) e 4 (241,60 N ± 28,95) não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas entre si, mas apresentou maior força de retenção que os grupos 1 (142,30 N ± 25, 60) e 2 (178,56 ± 25,67 N). A maioria das fraturas ocorreu na interface entre a dentina / resina. Com base nos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que a técnica de cimentação adesiva influenciou na retenção dos pinos de fibra de vidro
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Animals , Cattle , Curing Lights, Dental , Post and Core TechniqueABSTRACT
Neste trabalho, estimou-se a gerão dos resíduos de construção e demolição por dois métodos de quantificação, um indireto e outro direto, considerando-se a produção advinda dos agentes informais e formais. O método indireto considerou a área construída das edificações (construção) e transformação dos pontos de ligação de água e luz instalados (reforma). O método direto identificou a geração advinda de agentes informais e formais nos pontos de disposição finais em diferentes regiões do município, empregando-se o conceito de balanço de massa. Não é possível quantificar a geração de resíduos de construção e demolição dos agentes informais (reformas) por meio de dados indiretos relacionados Às transformações dos pontos de água no município. Há indícios de que as transformações dos pontos de energia elétrica sejam um indicador indireto mais preciso, podendo evitar a dispendiosa quantificação direta.
In this paper, construction and demolition waste generation was estimated by two quantification methods, one direct and other indirect, regarding informal and formal generators. Construction area and transformation of the points of water and energy were applied for indirect quantification method. For the direct one, volume of dumping areas associated with informal and formal generators in different regions of municipality were quantified and the mass balance was applied. Indirect quantification of informal generators by transformation points of water is not precise. There are evidences that transformation points of energy can be more precise, avoiding costly direct construction and demolition waste quantification method.
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STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Major objective in making on implant-supported prosthesis is the production of superstructure that exhibits a passive fit when connected to multiple abutments. One requirement to ensure passive fit is to make an accurate impression. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of master cast fabricated by using different impression methods at the different impression levels. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The master model used in this study was resin block having four implant analogs. Impression method studied were 1) direct method on fixture level (Group FIX-D), 2) indirect method on fixture level(Group FIX-I), 3) modified indirect method on fixture level(Group FIXM) 4) direct method on abutment level(Group AB-D) and 5) indirect method on abutment level(Group AB-I). Each of the five groups took 10 impressions. Fifty impressions were made for master cast by using Impregum F. impression material loaded on individual tray. Three dimensional measuring microscope was used to measure the inter-implant distance. Error rate of each inter-implant distance were calculated and evaluated. RESULTS: The results were as follows. 1. Group FIX exhibited higher accuracy than group AB. 2. In group FIX, modified indirect method showed the highest accuracy, while indirect method showed the lowest accuracy. In group Ab, indirect method showed the higher accuracy than direct method. 3. Group FIX showed larger horizontal error than group AB. But, group AB showed the larger vertical error than group FIX. 4. Group Fix-M showed smallest vertical and horizontal error. CONCLUSION: An impression method have more effect on accuracy of master model than an impression level. A modified indirect method showed smallest vertical and horizontal error.