ABSTRACT
Background: Weight-based stigmatization is frequent among overweight and obese people. Aim: To determine the association between weight-based stigmatization, psychological stress, cortisol, negative emotions, and eating behavior in a sample of middle-aged women. Material and Methods: Eighty-two women aged 45 ± 8 years, 55% with overweight or obesity, were randomly allocated to watch a video called "Stigma: the human cost of obesity" or a control video about planet earth. The effect of watching either video on calorie consumption, psychological stress and cortisol reactivity was assessed. Cortisol was measured on four salivary samples. Psychological stress and negative emotions were self-reported. Results: Among women who watched the stigmatizing video, there was a direct association between psychological stress and calorie intake, but negative emotions did not mediate this association. Moreover, psychological stress moderated the association between watching the stigmatizing video and the cortisol output (β = 0.32; p = 0.005). Conclusions: Women with high psychological stress have a greater intake of calories. After watching the stigmatizing video, a greater psychological stress is associated with greater cortisol output.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Stereotyping , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Energy Intake , Overweight/psychology , Social Stigma , Obesity/psychology , Body Weight , Overweight/metabolism , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Obesity/metabolismABSTRACT
Advances in cardiovascular diseases research have shown that there are differences in social groups, which have been solely explained by biomedical dimensions. Although there have been advances in the biological understanding of these diseases, they do not account for the complexity of the phenomenon. To address this, the introduction of psychosocial variables have shown that they may be useful to understand the manifestations and evolution of these conditions. Thus, gender gaps should not be studied exclusively from a biomedical perspective. This article reviews the explanations about the gender gaps in the expression of acute myocardial infarction based on gender stereotypes, as an alternative to the biomedical approach. Stereotypes can predict different consequences when they are used by health professionals or patients. Finally, alternatives are proposed to reduce the negative results of the gender stereotype activation when an acute myocardial infarction is suffered. Also new development lines in theoretical, methodological and interdisciplinary work are proposed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Stereotyping , Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Sex Factors , Risk Factors , Treatment Adherence and ComplianceABSTRACT
Weight stigmatization is defined as the devaluation of others based on weight, a visible and specific characteristic that cannot be hidden. The consequences of weight stigmatization have been studied in victims and healthcare providers. This narrative literature review describes the consequences of weight stigmatization in victims and healthcare practitioners. According to several studies, high levels of psychological dysfunction in victims coexist with negative stereotypes in healthcare professionals, since the latter are exposed to the same negative media messages about obesity. Thus, weight stigmatization contributes to increase the burden of obesity, since when obese patients perceive that they are discriminated by healthcare professionals, their unhealthy behaviors persist and they have a low adherence to obesity treatment and medical recommendations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Attitude of Health Personnel , Social Stigma , Obesity/psychology , Social Discrimination/psychologyABSTRACT
La discriminación se presenta en todos los contextos en cualquier etapa de la vida. El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar la consistencia y estructura interna de la Escala de Discriminación en la Vida Cotidiana (EDVC) en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Se realizó un estudio metodológico en el que participaron 346 estudiantes, en edades entre 18 y 30 años, media para la edad de 20,2 años (DE=1,9); el 59,2 porciento, mujeres; y 58,4 porciento, mestizos. Se calculó alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald y se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio con los diez incisos de la EDVC.El alfa de Cronbach fue 0,83 y la omega de McDonald, 084. La estructura interna mostró un único factor que explicó el 41,7 porciento de la varianza total. Se concluye que la EDVC presenta alta consistencia interna y una sola dimensión en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad de Bucaramanga, Colombia.Se necesitan nuevas investigaciones para conocer la consistencia y estructura interna en otras poblaciones.
The objective of the study was to explore the internal consistency and structureof the EDS among medical students of a university in Bucaramanga, Colombia.A validation study in which participated 346 students, aged between 18 and 30years-old, mean age was 20.2 years (SD=1.9); 59.2% were women; and 58.4%,mestizo. Cronbach alpha and McDonald omega were computed; exploratoryfactor analysis for the ten items of EDS was performed. Cronbach alpha was0.83 and McDonald omega, 0.84. Internal structure showed a single factorthat explained 41.7% of the total variance. As conclusions, EDS has highinternal consistency and one dimension in medical students at a universityin Bucaramanga, Colombia. Further research is needed to know the internalstructure and consistency in other populations.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Young Adult , Discrimination, Psychological , Students, Medical , PrejudiceABSTRACT
Objective To study the characteristics of cognitive development of newborns with auditory event related potentials (aERP).Methods Thirty full-term neonates who were admitted to Changzhou Children's Hospital and met the inclusion criteria, those with neonatal neural behavioral score over 37 and both ears passed the hearing screening, and exclusion criteria, those who suffered from perinatal brain injury, were sclccted randomly.Thcy wcre divided into three groups according to the days of age (group 1 : 1-10 days;group 2:11-20 days;group 3:21-28 days).aERP was recorded with auditory Oddball paradigm.The data were collected and analyzed by Brain Electrical Source Analysis software.Relationship between N2latencies/areas among the three groups and their age was researched with Pearson correlation analysis.Results During the neonatal period, there was a significant negative correlation between N2 latency and neonatal age in days (r=-0.609, P ＜ 0.05), while significant positive correlation was shown between N2 area and the age (r=0.689, P ＜ 0.05).In Fz and Cz leads, the total average waveform diagram of the three groups showed spacious flat, less smoothed curve, and mostly jagged pattern.N2 area in group 1 showed a complex plurality of peaks, and regular, soaring waves, which changed into single wave thereafter, in group 2 and 3.The N2 latencies tended to shorten gradually.Conclusions Neonatal cognitive competence, including concentration and discrimination ability, would be improved with their growth.
ABSTRACT
A obesidade infantil tem sido considerada epidemia mundial. De acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), 15 milhões de crianças e jovens no Brasil apresentam peso corporal em excesso.Õ Esse número reflete as mudanças que têm ocorrido nos padrões de alimentação e atividade física, próprios da sociedade capitalista contemporânea (elevada oferta e consumo de produtos).² Conceituada pela Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS) como doença crônica progressiva e recorrente - caracterizada pelo aumento excessivo de tecido adiposo - a obesidade na infância adquire relevância não apenas em virtude das comorbidades associadas (como diabetes mellitus tipo II, doenças cardiovasculares, alguns tipos de câncer), mas também devido às consequências psicossociais.³ Alguns trabalhos descrevem (3,4,5) que contextos como cultura, família, escola, convívio social e espaços de saúde estão envolvidos na estigmatização, vitimização e preconceito em relação à criança obesa, o que gera impactos psicossociais (baixa autoestima, depressão, ansiedade, isolamento, culpa, entre outros). (5,6)Ao considerar que esses impactos se estendem à adolescência e vida adulta, torna-se relevante abordar a obesidade de modo preventivo na infância, ressaltando-se a necessidade do tratamento interdisciplinar da criança obesa como forma de cuidado integral ao paciente. 7
Childhood obesity hás been considered a worldwide epidemic. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 15 million children and young people in Brazil are overweight.Õ This number reflects the changes in diet patterns and physical activities, characteristics of the contemporary capitalist society (high supply and consumption of products).² Conceptualized by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) as a chronic progressive and recurrent disease - characterized by the excessive expansion of adipose tissue - childhood obesity becomes relevant not only because of comorbidities (such as type II diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, some cancers), but also due to the psychosocial consequences.³ Some papers describe(3,4,5) that contexts such as culture, family, school, social environment and health areas are involved in the stigmatization, victimization and prejudice against the obese child, which generates psychosocial impacts (low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, isolation , guilt, etc.)(5,6) Considering that these impacts extend to adolescence and adulthood, it becomes relevant to tackle obesity in children in a preventive way, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary treatment of the obese child as a form of comprehensive patient care.7