Características de las tesis para titularse de médico: estudio transversal en Perú / Characteristics of theses for physician graduation: a cross-sectional study in Peru

Introducción La investigación en Perú presenta diversas barreras que impiden su desarrollo. Ello afecta también las tesis para graduarse de médico. Nuestro objetivo fue caracterizar las tesis para obtener el título de médico en Perú. Métodos Se realizó un estudio observacional y descriptivo de las tesis para obtener el título de médico del año 2019 en 22 universidades que son miembros titulares de la Asociación Peruana de Facultades de Medicina. La revisión se efectuó durante enero de 2022. Se evaluaron características de las universidades (región, régimen: pública/privada), y de las tesis, incluyendo el contar con la aprobación por un comité institucional de ética en investigación, si estuvieron alineadas con una prioridad de investigación nacional y si fueron publicadas en una revista científica. Los datos de cada tesis evaluada fueron extraídos en una ficha de recolección de datos para el posterior cálculo de frecuencias absolutas y relativas de las variables de estudio. Resultados Se evaluaron 1838 tesis. La mayoría de ellas fueron elaboradas por un único alumno (66,16%). El diseño de estudio más común fue el tipo transversal descriptivo (42,3%). El 53,86% de las tesis respondieron a una prioridad de investigación nacional, siendo la más estudiada "salud materna, perinatal y neonatal" (26,01%). Del total de tesis, el 56,75% no indicó si contó con la aprobación de un comité institucional de ética en investigación. Sólo 40 tesis (2,19%) se publicaron en una revista científica (14 en revistas indexadas). Conclusión Dos tercios de las tesis realizadas por estudiantes de medicina en Perú son estudios descriptivos. La mitad responde a prioridades nacionales de investigación. Cuatro de cada diez tesis informan sobre la aprobación por un comité institucional de ética en investigación. El número de las tesis publicadas es bajo. Los resultados muestran carencias de las políticas institucionales universitarias que estimulen al cumplimiento ético y desarrollo de la investigación.

Introduction Research in Peru presents several barriers that impede its development and that also affects the theses to graduate as physician. Our objective was to characterize the theses for obtaining a medical degree in Peru. Methods An observational and descriptive study evaluating the theses for obtaining a medical degree of 2019, evaluated in January 2022 from 22 universities that are full members of the Peruvian Association of Faculties of Medicine. Characteristics of the universities and theses were evaluated, including the evaluation of a institutional research ethics committee, the aligment with a national research priority, and publication status in a scientific journal. The absolute and relative frequencies of the study variables were described. Results A total of 1838 theses were evaluated. Most of the theses were written by a single student (66.16%). The most common study design was the descriptive cross-sectional type (42.33%). We found that 53.86% of the theses responded to a national research priority, the most common being "maternal, perinatal and neonatal health" (26.01%). Of the total, 56.75% did not indicate whether they had the approval of an institutional research ethics committee. Only 40 theses (2.19%) were published in a scientific journal (14 in indexed journals). Conclusion Two-thirds of the theses conducted by medical students in Peru are descriptive studies. Half respond to national research priorities. Four out of ten theses were approved by an institutional research ethics committee. The number of published theses is low. The results show shortcomings in university institutional policies that encourage ethical compliance and research development.

Proyecto de investigación y tesis. Guía para su elaboración

La investigación final que deben realizar los residentes para culminar la especialización es el instrumento creado en el proceso formativo de posgrado, para que aprenda y aplique los aspectos básicos de la metodología de la investigación médica. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo brindar una guía de consulta a estudiantes y docentes, sobre la estructura y presentación de los proyectos de investigación e informe final de los trabajos de terminación de la especialidad. Para ello se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica para la recopilación y clasificación de la bibliografía actualizada. Se brindan consideraciones de cómo elaborar el proyecto de investigación y el informe final y se especifica la información que deben tener ambos documentos. Se exponen elementos fundamentales sobre la estructura y presentación de los proyectos de investigación e informe final que podrán ser utilizados como guía de consulta para estudiantes y docentes.

The final research that residents must carry out to complete the specialization is the instrument created in the postgraduate training process, so that they learn and apply the basic aspects of medical research methodology. This work aims to provide a reference guide for students and teachers, on the structure and presentation of research projects and final report of completion of the specialty. For this, a bibliographic search was carried out for the compilation and classification of the updated bibliography. Considerations of how to prepare the research project and the final report are provided, and the information that both documents must have is specified. Fundamental elements on the structure and presentation of research projects and final report that can be used as a reference guide for students and teachers are exposed.

Satisfacción de los estudiantes con los procesos de elaboración de la tesis de licenciatura

Objetivos: describir la satisfacción con los procesos de la tesis que presentan los estudiantes del pregrado de la Facultad de Odontología. Métodos: estudio transversal donde participaron 68 estudiantes de la Universidad Científica del Sur que se graduaron en el 2021. Se utilizó una escala que recopiló las experiencias sobre el desarrollo de una investigación que involucró: supervisión de la tesis, desarrollo de habilidades, clima intelectual, expectativas, infraestructura y evaluación de la tesis. Las variables fueron comparadas según el sexo, rendimiento académico y experiencia investigativa de los estudiantes. Resultados: la satisfacción general tuvo un puntaje de 65,78 ± 4,29 (Rango: 57-78), considerándose como "moderada". Las mujeres tuvieron un mejor puntaje de satisfacción (p>0,05). El promedio general de la satisfacción fue 2,74 ± 0,81, obteniéndose un promedio de 2,08 ± 0,76 para la dimensión supervisión, 2,05 ± 0,66 para la dimensión clima intelectual, 4,15 ± 0,23 para la dimensión expectativas, 1,92 ± 1,17 para la dimensión infraestructura, 3,73 ± 0,91para la dimensión habilidades y 2,81 ± 0,86 para la dimensión evaluación de la tesis. Conclusiones: los estudiantes del pregrado perciben como "moderado" la satisfacción con los procesos de elaboración de una tesis universitaria, con una puntuación por debajo del promedio de lo esperado. No se encontró una asociación significativa entre el grado de satisfacción con el proceso de realización de la tesis y las características de los estudiantes.

Objectives: to describe the satisfaction with the thesis processes presented by undergraduate students of the School of Dentistry. Methods: cross-sectional study in which 68 students from the Universidad Científica del Sur who graduated in 2021 participated. A scale was used that collected the experiences on the development of a research that involved: thesis supervision, skills development, and intellectual climate, expectations, infrastructure and thesis evaluation. The variables were compared according to gender, academic performance and research experience of the students. Results: cross-sectional study in which 68 students from the Universidad Científica del Sur who graduated in 2021 participated. A scale was used that collected the experiences on the development of a research involving: thesis supervision, skills development, intellectual climate, expectations, infrastructure and evaluation of the thesis. The variables were compared according to gender, academic performance and research experience of the students. Conclusions: undergraduate students perceive satisfaction with the processes of writing an undergraduate thesis as "moderate", with a score below the average of what is expected. No significant association was found between the degree of satisfaction with the thesis completion process and student characteristics.

Diseño y validación de una escala de autoeficacia en la evaluación de tesis de grado en ciencias de la salud

Introducción. Las tesis de grado requieren de una adecuada evaluación para asegurar la calidad metodológica y su potencial publicable. Objetivos. Diseñar y validar una escala de autoeficacia en la evaluación de tesis de grado en jurados dictaminadores de ciencias de la salud (EAE-Te). Métodos. Estudio instrumental y transversal, donde participaron 221 jurados de tesis de grado de medicina, odontología, enfermería, nutrición y psicología, quienes laboran en instituciones privadas y estatales de las tres regiones del Perú. La escala se diseñó en base a indicadores teóricos hallados en la literatura científica, teniendo como primera versión 16 ítems. La validez basada en el contenido se evaluó con el coeficiente V de Aiken, la validez de constructo con el análisis factorial exploratorio y la confiabilidad con el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach y sus respectivos intervalos de confianza. Resultados. Los valores V de Aiken fueron favorables para todos los ítems. El análisis factorial exploratorio evidenció un modelo unidimensional con 13 ítems (KMO = 0,868; Bartlett = 2302.1; gl = 66; p < 0,001), donde el factor alcanzado explica el 60,99% de la varianza total de la escala y sus cargas factoriales oscilan entre 0,605 y 0,872; finalmente, la confiabilidad fue aceptable (α = 0,943; IC95% = 0,92-0,95). Conclusiones. La EAE-Te es una medida unidimensional y demuestra evidencias psicométricas iniciales de validez basada en el contenido, de estructura interna y fiabilidad; por tanto, puede aplicarse para evaluar el nivel de autoeficacia de los jurados para evaluar tesis de grado.

Introduction. Graduate theses require adequate evaluation to ensure their methodological quality and publishable potential. Objectives. To design and validate a scale of self-efficacy in the evaluation of graduate theses in health sciences jurors (EAE-Te). Methods. Instrumental and cross-sectional study, with the participation of 221 medical, dental, nursing, nutrition and psychology graduate thesis jurors who work in private and state institutions in the three regions of Peru. The scale was designed based on theoretical indicators found in the scientific literature, with a first version of 16 items. Content-based validity was evaluated with Aiken's V coefficient, construct validity with Exploratory Factor Analysis and reliability with Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and their respective confidence intervals. Results. Aiken's V values were favorable for all items. The exploratory factor analysis evidenced a unidimensional model with 13 items (KMO = 0.868; Bartlett = 2302.1; gl = 66; p < 0.001), where the factor reached explains 60.99% of the total variance of the scale and its factor loadings range between 0.605 and 0.872; finally, reliability was acceptable (α = 0.943; 95%CI = 0.92-0.95). Conclusions. The SEA-Te is a unidimensional measure and demonstrates initial psychometric evidence of content-based validity, internal structure and reliability; therefore, it can be applied to assess the level of jurors' self-efficacy to evaluate graduate theses.

Producción científica de asesores de tesis: ¿cuál es la realidad de la carrera de Nutrición en el Perú? / Scientific output among thesis advisors: what is the situation of the nutrition undergraduate program in Peru?

RESUMEN La producción científica es un indicador importante en el campo de la salud que debe ser evaluado, pero que no ha sido investigado en las escuelas de Nutrición. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir y caracterizar la producción científica de los asesores de tesis de la escuela de Nutrición de una universidad privada en el Perú. La investigación fue descriptivo- observacional, transversal y bibliométrica. Se indagó sobre la producción científica de 18 profesionales que fueron asesores de 57 tesis aprobadas en la escuela de Nutrición de una universidad privada durante el periodo 2013 a 2019. Encontramos que 66,70 % de los asesores publicaron al menos un artículo; el 50, 00 % continuó esta actividad en los últimos cinco años; y el 38,90 %, en los últimos tres años. El 22,20 % de los artículos aparecieron en la base de datos Scopus; y el 11,10 %, en SciELO. La producción científica fue de 71 artículos (correspondientes a 12 asesores) con las siguientes características: fueron trabajos originales (85,90 %), se publicaron en revistas de acceso abierto (91,50 %), en español (78,90 %) y recibieron financiamiento (22,50 %). En conclusión, la producción científica de los asesores de tesis de la escuela de Nutrición de una universidad privada del Perú fue baja en los últimos años.

ABSTRACT Scientific output is an important indicator in the health field that should be assessed but has not been considered in the schools of nutrition. This paper aims to describe and characterize the scientific output among thesis advisors from a Peruvian private university's school of nutrition. A descriptive-observational, cross-sectional and bibliometric research was conducted to determine the scientific output of 18 advisors of 57 undergraduate theses from a private university's school of nutrition, which were accepted between 2013 and 2019. It was found that 66.70 % of the advisors had at least one scientific publication. Out of this group, 50.00 % and 38.90 % continued publishing in the following five and three years, respectively. Twenty-two point two zero percent (22.20 %) of the articles were published in Scopus database and 11.10 % in SciELO database. The scientific output accounted for 71 articles (written by 12 advisors), out of which 85.90 % were original papers, 91.50 % were open access publications, 78.90 % were written in Spanish and 22.50 % received funding. It is concluded that the scientific output among thesis advisors from a Peruvian private university's school of nutrition was low in recent years.

Deficiencias en las tesis de grado de los residentes

Introducción: La tesis de grado es una investigación que se presenta en medicina como trabajo de terminación para optar por una especialidad. Es frecuente observar dificultades en los informes finales que se presentan para su evaluación, lo que constituye una preocupación. Objetivo: Señalar las deficiencias de los informes finales de las tesis de grado de los residentes de Medicina General Integral del municipio Guáimaro durante el quinquenio 2016-2021. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo descriptivo a través de la revisión documental del informe final de las tesis de los residentes del municipio Guáimaro en el quinquenio 2016-2021. El universo quedó conformado por la totalidad de los informes finales de la tesis de los residentes que se presentaron en la predenfensa. La información se recolectó en un formulario de recogida de datos donde se listaron aspectos propios del informe de investigación. Resultados: El análisis de los informes finales de las tesis mostraron deficiencias en el título, el planteamiento y la formulación del problema de investigación, los objetivos generales y específicos, clasificación de los estudios, definición del universo y la muestra, operacionalización de variables, discusión de los resultados y en las conclusiones. Conclusiones: Los resultados evidencian que persisten deficiencias en muchos aspectos de los informes finales de la tesis, las sugerencias metodológicas realizadas pueden servir a los docentes que asesoran la formación académica y a los propios investigadores en su actividad científica.

Introduction: The grade thesis is a research work that is presented in medicine as a completion work to opt for a specialty. Difficulties are often observed in the final reports that are submitted for evaluation, which is a concern. Objective: To show the deficiencies of the final reports of the degree thesis of the residents of the Guáimaro municipality during a five-year period 2016-2021. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out with the purpose of identifying the committed deficiencies through a documental review of the grade thesis´ final reports of the residents of from the municipality of Guáimaro, between the school years 2016 and 2021.The universe was made up of all the final reports of the thesis of the residents who were presented in the pre-defense. For collecting the primary information, a collection sheet was elaborated listing items that are proper of the research reports. Results: The analysis of the final reports of the thesis showed deficiencies in the title, the approach and the formulation of the research problem, the general and specific objectives, classification of the studies, definition of the universe and the sample, operationalization of variables, discussion of the results and conclusions. Conclusions: The results show that deficiencies persist in many aspects of the final reports of the thesis, the methodological suggestions made can serve the teachers who advise the academic training and the researchers themselves in their scientific activity.

Producción Científica de los Asesores de Tesis de las Facultades de Medicina Humana en el Perú

Resumen Objetivos: describir la producción científica de los asesores de tesis de las facultades de medicina humana en el Perú. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, incluyendo a 806 asesores de tesis de pregrado de medicina de las tres regiones del Perú: costa, sierra y selva. Esta cantidad fue producto de una búsqueda de tesis en repositorios de 29 facultades de medicina humana. De cada una de ellas se obtuvo el nombre de los asesores, se buscó su producción y características en la base Scopus y el buscador Google Académico. Resultados: del total de asesores evaluados, solo 4 y 2 universidades tuvieron a la mitad o más de sus asesores que publicaron en Scopus o en Google Académico, respectivamente. Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas según la cantidad de publicaciones (valores p < 0,046 en todos los casos) y H índex (valores p < 0,030 en todos los casos) según el grado académico. También se encontró diferencias estadísticas según si publicaron (valores p < 0,001 en todos los casos) y H índex (valores p<0,05 en todos los casos) según el grado académico y la profesión del asesor. Hubo diferencias de la cantidad de publicaciones según el tener el grado de doctor. Conclusiones: fueron pocas las universidades que tuvieron asesores de tesis con producción científica.

Abstract Objectives: to describe the scientific production of thesis advisors of human medicine faculties in Peru. Methods: a descriptive and crosssectional study was carried out, including 806 undergraduate medical thesis advisors from the three regions of Peru: coast, highlands and jungle. This amount was the result of a search for theses in the repositories of 29 faculties of human medicine. For each one of them, the name of the advisors was obtained, their production and characteristics were searched in the Scopus database and the Google Academic search engine. Results: of the total number of advisors evaluated, only 4 and 2 universities had half or more of their advisors publishing in Scopus or Google Scholar, respectively. There were statistically significant differences according to the number of publications (p-values < 0.046 in all cases) and H-index (p-values < 0.030 in all cases) according to academic degree. Statistical differences were also found according to whether they published (p-values < 0.001 in all cases) and H-index (p-values < 0.05 in all cases) according to academic degree and profession of the advisor. There were differences in the number of publications depending on whether the advisor had a doctoral degree . Conclusions: few universities had thesis advisors with scientific production.

Explore on the cultivation of research potential of eight-year program students through the results of blind evaluation of dissertations / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To understand the results of blind evaluation of dissertation of three-year doctors and eight-year medical doctors, and to explore the improvement measures of eight-year program education.Methods:The data analysis method was manipulated. A total of 47 eight-year doctoral and 88 three-year doctoral dissertations submitted by the first clinical college of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 2020 were selected as the research material. SPSS 17.0 was used to perform Chi-square test to compare the itemized evaluation opinions of the dissertation, Spearman test was used to analyze the correlation between the defense opinions, itemized evaluation opinions and the overall evaluation.Results:The gap between eight-year and three-year doctoral dissertation is mainly manifested in innovation and research value ( χ2=9.10, P=0.003), topic and review ( χ2=5.70, P=0.017), while there is no significant difference in the overall assessment and oral defense suggestion. The main influencing factor of dissertation defense suggestion for both doctors was the dissertation standardization (eight-year: r s=0.53, P<0.001; three-year: r s=0.45, P<0.001). The evaluation results of eight-year doctor dissertation were closely related to basic knowledge and scientific research ability ( r s=0.74, P<0.001). Conclusion:There is no significant difference between eight-year doctors and full-time doctors in research attitude. But there was a certain gap in scientific research and innovation ability among them. It is suggested to clarify the teaching objectives, formulate and refine the evaluation system of dissertations, and strengthen the cultivation of scientific research interest and academic belief of eight-year study program.

Analysis of the quality status of M.D and S.M.D dissertations in a university / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To further improve the quality of doctoral dissertations in clinical medicine and stomatology.Methods:Taking the 1 122 experts' comments on the 2016-2018 clinical/stomatological doctoral dissertations of a university, the paper made a statistical analysis from such aspects as the source of topic selection, the type of topic selection, the literature review, paper innovation, writing standards, etc. SPSS 20.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results:The results showed that 61.0% (614/1006) dissertations were selected from applied research and 30% (302/1006) from non project research; 83.9% (941/1122) dissertations were evaluated as good and excellent, and the first three items with poor evaluation were: innovation (3.3%, 37/1122), content (2.2%, 25/1122) and writing standard (0.9%, 10/1122).Conclusion:It is suggested that the school and tutors should make clear the training orientation of clinical/stomatological doctoral graduate students, strengthen the training of their scientific research ability and thesis writing ability, and pay attention to clinical practice training without reducing their academic requirements.

Prioridades de investigación en salud en las tesis universitarias en Puno, Perú

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar cuál es la frecuencia con la que se abordan temas de prioridad nacional en investigación en las tesis universitarias en Puno, Perú. Es un estudio transversal y observacional en 482 tesis aprobadas entre 2016 y 2018 de las facultades de medicina (25,10 %), enfermería (46,47 %), nutrición (18,46 %) y psicología (9,95 %) de universidades de Puno. Encontramos una proporción mayor de trabajos descriptivos (56,84 %) con diseño no experimental (90,45 %). Las prioridades que se abordaron fueron salud mental (7,05 %), recursos humanos (6,22 %), malnutrición y anemia (18,87 %), mortalidad materna, perinatal y neonatal (4,77 %), tuberculosis (1,86 %), cáncer (5,80 %), hipertensión arterial, dislipidemias y enfermedades cardiovasculares (3,52 %), políticas y gestión en salud (0,41 %), diabetes mellitus (7,46 %) e infecciones respiratorias y neumonías (5,60 %). Los accidentes de tránsito no se han considerado en este grupo. Concluimos que más del 50 % de las tesis de las universidades de Puno abordan una prioridad de investigación en salud.

This research aimed to determine the frequency that national health research priority topics are addressed in university theses in Puno, Peru. This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted in 482 theses approved between 2016 and 2018 in universities' schools of medicine (25.10 %), nursing (46.47 %), nutrition (18.46 %) and psychology (9.95 %) in Puno. A greater proportion of descriptive (56.84 %) and non-experimental research works (90.45 %) were found. The priority topics were mental health (7.05 %); human resources (6.22 %); malnutrition and anemia (18.87 %); maternal, perinatal and neonatal mortality (4.77 %); tuberculosis (1.86 %); cancer (5.80 %); high blood pressure, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases (3.52 %); health policy and management (0.41 %); diabetes mellitus (7.46 %); and respiratory infections and pneumonia (5.60 %). Traffic accidents were not considered in this group. It is concluded that over 50 % of the theses from the universities in Puno address a health research priority topic.

Análisis bibliométrico de las tesis de pregrado: caso de carrera de Kinesiología en una universidad chilena / Bibliometric Analysis of Undergraduate Theses: A Chilean University's Physiotherapy Case

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las características metodológicas y de investigación, los antecedentes del sujeto de estudio y de las evaluaciones e intervenciones de las tesis de pregrado de la carrera de kinesiología en una universidad chilena durante los años 2010 - 2018. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron 91 tesis; para su análisis se utilizó un instrumento validado que se organizó en tres grandes categorías: a) características metodológicas y de investigación, b) antecedentes del sujeto de estudio y c) antecedentes de las evaluaciones e intervenciones, y se registró un total de 38 ítems. Resultados: Se reportó que las tesis mayoritariamente las realizan dos estudiantes tesis-tas, en conjunto con un guía con grado licenciado, presentan un alcance descriptivo, diseño no experimental, temporalidad transversal, con muestras pequeñas, no probabilísticas, por conveniencia, utilizando cuestionarios y/o encuestas para medir parámetros de actividad y condición físicas principalmente en las áreas respiratoria y traumatológica. Las tesis cumplen con la estructura de un reporte científico, aun cuando un gran porcentaje de ellas tiene referencias poco actualizadas y no incluyen datos de aprobación del comité de ética. Los sujetos de estudio principalmente eran jóvenes y adultos pertenecientes a centros educativos de enseñanza básica, media, universitaria o a una red de atención de salud pública que presentaban algún diagnóstico médico de enfermedad cardiometabólica. Conclusión: Este estudio reveló información valiosa respecto a cómo se ha llevado a cabo la formación investigativa de esta carrera de la salud, identificó áreas de conocimiento, poblaciones y condiciones de salud poco exploradas y los tratamientos usados frecuentemente.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the methodological and research characteristics, records of the participants, and the evaluations and interventions of undergraduate theses of students in the Physiotherapy program in a Chilean university between 2010-2018. Materials and methodology: 91 theses were analyzed, using a validated instrument organized in three categories: methodological and research characteristics, records of the participants, and records of the evaluations and interventions. The said instrument consisted of a total of 38 items. Results: We reported that most theses were written by two candidates each and a thesis advisor with a bachelor's degree. The theses have a descriptive scope, a non-experimental design, and a cross-sectional design with small non-probabilistic purposeful samples. Moreover, the instruments used in the theses are mainly questionnaires and surveys to measure physical condition and activity parameters, mainly in respiratory and orthopedic areas. The theses follow the structure of a scientific report, even when a big percentage of them present outdated references and do not include data regarding approval from the ethics committee. The participants in the studies were mainly young people and adults who belonged to different elementary schools, secondary schools, and universities or people who presented cardiometabolic disease and belonged to a public health establishment. Conclusion: The study revealed important information regarding how research training in the program has been carried out, identifying areas for growth, and barely explored populations and health conditions, as well as frequently used treatments

Visualization analysis on the research hotspots of doctoral dissertation of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences during 2008-2018 / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To reveal the research focus of doctoral dissertation of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences by information visualization.Methods:Based on the relevant documents from January 1st, 2008 to December 31st, 2018 retrieved by CNKI, through the methods of CiteSpace high-frequency word visualization analysis and co word clustering, the research focus was explored in three time segments, and comparative analysis was carried out.Results:A total of 1 918 literatures were included. The methodology research based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes, the application research of data mining technology, and the clinical research of TCM were identified by knowledge atlas as the research hotspots of academic dissertation of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from 2008 to 2018, with good continuity. The disease types of related researcheswere close to the clinical frontier, and the continuity of syndrome and treatment research of coronary heart disease were poor. The number of basic researches represented by TCM syndrome were always lower than that of clinical research. The diagnosis and treatment mode and modern research methods based on the combination of disease and syndrome and the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine were gradually deepening in the field of TCM.Conclusions:Interdisciplinary research is a hot topic in the dissertation research of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. The use of information visualization tools can provide reference for scientific and in-depth exploration of the research direction of TCM.

Validação de tecnologias educacionais: estudo bibliométrico em teses e dissertações de enfermagem / Validación de tecnologías educativas: estudio bibliométrico en tesis y disertaciones de enfermería / Validación de tecnologías educativas: estudio bibliométrico en tesis y disertaciones de enfermería

Objetivo: Analisar as estratégias metodológicas utilizadas para a validação de tecnologias educacionais em teses e dissertações de enfermagem no Brasil. Método: Trata-se de um estudo documental bibliométrico. A busca foi realizada no catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. O mapeamento considerou o perfil das produções e das tecnologias educacionais, as estratégias de validação e a aplicação da lei de Zipt. A análise foi realizada com o Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 21.0 e o IRaMuTeQ 0.7 alpha 2. Resultados: Obtiveram-se 156 produções. O perfil das produções foi de dissertações de mestrado acadêmico, consideradas estudos metodológicos, estando a maioria desenvolvida na região Nordeste do País. As tecnologias educacionais corresponderam a materiais impressos ou audiovisuais, direcionados à comunidade e à área de enfermagem médico-cirúrgica. O processo de validação ocorreu, em sua maioria por concordância, com participação de juízes especialistas e da população-alvo, com uso de instrumentos validados e aplicação do Índice de Validação de Conteúdo. A partir da aplicação da Lei de Zipt, destacaram-se validação, juiz e estudo metodológico. Conclusão: O mapeamento propiciou a visibilidade da produção científica, indicando um conhecimento com distribuição desigual no que tange à região onde se produz tal capital intelectual(AU)

Objective: To analyze the methodological strategies used for the validation of educational technologies in nursing theses and dissertations in Brazil. Method: This is a bibliometric documentary study. The search was carried out in the catalog of Theses and Dissertations of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel. The mapping considered the profile of productions and educational technologies, validation strategies and the application of the Zipt's law. The analysis was performed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 21.0 and IRaMuTeQ 0.7 alpha 2. Results: A total of 156 productions were obtained. The profile of the productions was of academic master's dissertations, considered methodological studies, mostly developed in the Northeast region of the country. The educational technologies corresponded to printed or audiovisual materials directed to the community and the medical-surgical nursing area. The validation process took place, mostly by agreement, with the participation of expert judges and the target population, using validated instruments and applying the Content Validation Index. With the application of the Zipt's Law, validation, judge and methodological study stood out. Conclusion: The mapping provided the visibility of the scientific production, indicating knowledge with an unequal distribution regarding the region where such intellectual capital is produced.(AU)

Objetivo: Analizar las estrategias metodológicas utilizadas para validar las tecnologías educativas en tesis y disertaciones de enfermería en Brasil. Método: Este es un estudio bibliométrico documental. La búsqueda se realizó en el catálogo de Tesis y Disertaciones de la Coordinación para la Mejora del Personal de Educación Superior. El mapeo consideró el perfil de las producciones y tecnologías educativas, las estrategias de validación y la aplicación de la ley de Zipt. El análisis se realizó con el Paquete Estadístico para Ciencias Sociales 21.0 e IRaMuTeQ 0.7 alpha 2. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 156 producciones. El perfil de las producciones fue de disertaciones de maestría académica, consideradas estudios metodológicos, la mayoría de los cuales se desarrolló en la región noreste del país; las tecnologías educativas correspondían a materiales impresos o audiovisuales, dirigidos a la comunidad y en el área de enfermería médico-quirúrgica; El proceso de validación se realizó principalmente mediante un acuerdo con la participación de jueces expertos y la población objetivo, utilizando instrumentos validados y aplicando el Índice de Validación de Contenido. De la aplicación de la Ley Zipt, se destacó la validación, el juez y el estudio metodológico. Conclusión: El mapeo proporcionó la visibilidad de la producción científica indicando conocimiento con una distribución desigual con respecto a la región donde se produce dicho capital intelectual.(AU

Publicación científica y características de las tesis de salud de universidades del departamento de Puno, Perú / Scientific publications and characteristics of health theses from universities of the department of Puno, Peru

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia de publicación de tesis de pregrado en salud e identificar sus características, se realizó un estudio transversal observacional en un conjunto de 482 tesis aprobadas entre 2016 y 2018 en carreras de salud de cuatro universidades del departamento de Puno. Las tesis correspondían a medicina (25,10 %), enfermería (46,50 %), nutrición (18,5 %) y psicología (10,00 %). Los resultados muestran que la mayor proporción de tesis fueron descriptivos (56,80 %) y de diseño no experimental (90,50 %); el 36,10 % involucró a la población hospitalaria y el 58,70 % utilizó una muestra de entre 51 a 200 participantes. Además, solo cinco tesis (1,00 %) se publicaron en alguna revista científica indexada. Se concluye que la frecuencia de publicación de tesis de pregrado en carreras de salud de las universidades de Puno, es muy baja, además, que las investigaciones tienen un diseño básico de poco alcance y que la mayoría de las muestras son pequeñas.

ABSTRACT An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in order to determine the publication frequency of undergraduate health theses and identify their characteristics. The study population consisted of 482 health theses from four universities of the department of Puno approved between 2016 and 2018. Such theses belonged to the areas of medicine (25.10 %), nursing (46.5 %), nutrition (18.5 %) and psychology (10.00 %). The results show that 56.8 % of the theses used a descriptive design, 90.5 % used a non-experimental design, 36.1 % involved the hospital population and 58.70 % used a sample of 51 to 200 participants. Furthermore, only five theses (1.00 %) were published in an indexed scientific journal. It is concluded that there is a very low publication frequency of undergraduate health theses from universities of Puno, research studies use a basic design with a narrow scope and most research studies have a small sample size.

Tesis sustentadas y publicadas por estudiantes de las ciencias de la salud en Perú / Theses supported and published by health sciences students in Peru

RESUMEN Fundamento: la tesis universitaria culmina los estudios de pregrado y/o posgrado, es inédita y original, consolida la formación académica y permite obtener un título profesional. Objetivo: cuantificar la cantidad de tesis universitarias publicadas como artículo científico en las ciencias de la salud: Medicina Humana, Odontología, Farmacia y Bioquímica, Medicina Veterinaria y Psicología, de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; Lima, Perú. Métodos: se realizó un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, básico, observacional, de nivel descriptivo y diseño retrospectivo que evaluó 1954 tesis realizadas por estudiantes de pregrado registradas en el portal web Cybertesis, entre 2010-2018. Se analizaron las variables: productividad por facultad/escuela profesional, tiempo y lugar de publicación, experiencia del asesor y género de los tesistas. Resultados: fueron publicadas 134 (6,9 %) tesis en revistas científicas. El promedio del tiempo que demoró publicar una tesis en formato de artículo científico fue de 1,72 ± 1,05 años. 124 (92,5 %) tesis publicadas presentaron asesores que incursionaban en publicaciones científicas. En 133 artículos (99,3 %) los estudiantes fueron los autores principales. 123 tesis (91,8 %) aparecieron en revistas científicas peruanas. El 6,9 % de tesis sustentadas fueron publicadas en formato artículo original; la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria fue la de mayor producción científica. Conclusiones: el estudio realizado permitió diagnosticar el porciento de tesis publicadas con respecto a las sustentadas, lo que aporta una herramienta para su incremento a partir de estudios donde se delimiten las causas que inciden en los porcientos encontrados.

ABSTRACT Background: the university thesis culminates undergraduate and / or postgraduate studies, it´s unpublished and original, it consolidates academic training and allows obtaining a professional degree. Objective: to quantify the amount of university thesis published as a scientific article in health sciences: Human Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Veterinary Medicine and Psychology, of the National University of San Marcos; Lima Peru. Methods: a study was carried out with a quantitative, basic, observational, descriptive level and retrospective design approach that evaluated 1954 theses carried out by undergraduate students registered on the Cybertesis web portal, from 2010 to 2018. The variables were analyzed: productivity by faculty / professional school, time and place of publication, experience of the advisor and gender of the thesis students. Results: theses were published in scientific journals 134 (6.9%). The average time it took to publish a thesis in scientific article format was 1.72 ± 1.05 years. 124 (92.5%) published theses presented consultants who participated in scientific publications. In 133 articles (99.3%) the students were the main authors. 123 theses (91.8%) appeared in Peruvian scientific journals. 6.9% of theses supported were published in original article format; the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine was the one with the greatest scientific production. Conclusions: the study carried out allowed diagnosing the percentage of published theses with respect to the sustained ones, which provides a tool for its increase from studies where the causes that affect the found percentages are delimited.

Deserción Universitaria en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires / University desertion at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Buenos Aires

país, es estatal y gratuita y su matrícula supera los 300.000 alumnos. La Facultad de Medicina de la UBA concentra el mayor número de estudiantes de carreras universitarias dedicadas al estudio de la salud humana en la Argentina. El término "deserción universitaria" es utilizado para describir el comportamiento de los alumnos que abandonaron los estudios, sin reparar en las razones o circunstancias que determinaron el abandono. Presentamos un análisis cuantitativo del número de ingresantes y egresados de la carrera de Medicina y proponemos iniciar el debate sobre las causas de la deserción universitaria en nuestra carrera.

The University of Buenos Aires (UBA) integrates the university system of our country, is state and free and its enrollment exceeds 300,000 students. The Faculty of Medicine of the UBA concentrates the largest number of university students dedicated to the study of human health in Argentina. The term "college desertion" is used to describe the behavior of students who dropped out of school, regardless of the reasons or circumstances that led to the abandonment. We present a quantitative analysis of the number of entrants and graduates of the Medicine career and we propose to start the debate on the causes of the university dropout in our career.

Analysis of the concealed evaluation results of academic dissertations in a medical university / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective@#To investigate the quality of dissertations by analyzing the concealed evaluation results of postgraduate dissertations, and to provide a reference for improving the quality of dissertations.@*Methods@#A total of 366 postgraduate dissertations and 1 051 concealed evaluation comments were collected from a medical university, and according to the evaluation index system of postgraduate dissertations, a horizontal comparison was made based on the overall quality and discipline. Excel and SPSS 19.0 were used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#Eighty percent of the dissertations in unqualified category had poor topic selection, and the excellent and good rate was only 21% in "Standardability". In discipline-based evaluations, the basic medicine group had a poor rate of 3.8% in "Topic Selection" and 2.5% in "Mastery of Basic Knowledge and Scientific Research Ability", while the military management group had a poor rate of 5.6% in "Innovation and Value" and 1.9% in "Standardability".@*Conclusion@#Topic selection is the key to the quality of dissertations, and the groups of basic medicine and military management should improve the scientificity of topic selection and the standardability of dissertations.

Analysis of the concealed evaluation results of academic dissertations in a medical university / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To investigate the quality of dissertations by analyzing the concealed evaluation results of postgraduate dissertations,and to provide a reference for improving the quality of dissertations.Methods A total of 366 postgraduate dissertations and 1 051 concealed evaluation comments were collected from a medical university,and according to the evaluation index system of postgraduate dissertations,a horizontal comparison was made based on the overall quality and discipline.Excel and SPSS 19.0 were used for statistical analysis.Results Eighty percent of the dissertations in unqualified category had poor topic selection,and the excellent and good rate was only 21％ in "Standardability".In discipline-based evaluations,the basic medicine group had a poor rate of 3.8％ in "Topic Selection" and 2.5％ in "Mastery of Basic Knowledge and Scientific Research Ability",while the military management group had a poor rate of 5.6％ in "Innovation and Value" and 1.9％ in "Standardability".Conclusion Topic selection is the key to the quality of dissertations,and the groups of basic medicine and military management should improve the scientificity of topic selection and the standardability of dissertations.

Probability of Publication Bias in Published Articles Resulting from Dental Dissertations of Medical Sciences Universities in Iran

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the association of publication bias with obtaining positive or negative results in the Doctoral thesis of Iranian dental schools. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study firstly we collected all the abstracts of Doctoral and post-doctoral thesis belonging to electronic archives of five Iranian dental schools there after the analytic abstracts were included and in the second phase, we try to search resulting articles with searching in Google Scholar. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a Chi-squared test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Fisher's exact test, and Logistic Regression Results: Out of 483 reviewed thesis abstracts 269 cases were included (55.7%) 153 of which were accessible as papers (56.9%). In 67.7% of the reviewed thesis, positive results were obtained. There were significant relationships between publishing and publishing in international journals with two variables: Study type and field (p<0.05). In vitro studies, clinical trials and studies in the field of oral diseases and periodontics had a higher rate of publication in the form of articles. Retrospective studies and those in the fields of endodontics and oral pathology had a higher rate of publication in journals with international indexes. Using regression logistic model showed that the probability of publishing positive data was greater (18-31%) than negative data. It was shown that the specialty field affected the relationship between the chance of publication of the article and the positive/negative results (p=0.008), increasing the chance of publication to 31% Conclusion: There was publication bias in reviewed dental articles.

Traditional Chinese medicine postgraduates dissertation proposal: study on clinical literature of traditional Chinese medicine / 国际中医中药杂志

Topic selection of traditional Chinese medicine (including integrative medicine) graduate students were different from other topics, has its own characteristics and methods. This article summarizes the range of topics and research methods of TCM graduate students in the research of TCM clinical literatures. The study found that TCM clinical literature research can be divided into the disease nomenclature, theoretical origin and connotation research, literature research based on the characteristics of different TCM academic schools, understanding of disease and zheng-treatment law of traditional Chinese medicine academic dynastic history, ancient famous medical academic ideas and clinical evidence Empirical research, based on a series of ancient traditional Chinese medical books researches, traditional Chinese medical case studies. Each aspect has its own characteristics and methodological choices based on commonalities research. The research process is also different, but it is important to choose a good point for different TCM clinical problems or diseases, and to formulate a research content to adapt to the norms of research programs to ensure that the purpose of a clear, standardized processes, and make the results reliable.