Effect of combination of dexmedetomidine and droperidol on emergence agitation of sevoflurane general anesthesia in the elderly undergoing thoracotomy / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the treatment effect of combination of dexmedetomidine and droperidol on emergence agitation during general anesthesia recovery period in the elderly undergoing thoracotomy. Methods Sixty patients with severe emergence agitation during general anesthesia recovery period undergoing thoracotomy for esophageal cancer or pulmonary lobectomy, aged 66-75 years, falling into ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ, were divided into three groups, 20 patients in each according to table of random number: group droperidol (group F) and group dexmedetomidine (group D) and group dexmedetomidine combining droperidol (group DF). In group F, 0.06 mg/kg droperidol was administrated via central vein. In group D, 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine was pumped via central vein in 10 min, followed by continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine in 0.2 μg·kg-1·h-1 for 1 h. While in group DF, 0.03 mg/kg droperidol was administrated via central vein and 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine was pumped via central vein in 10 min, then followed by continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine in 0.2 μg·kg-1·h-1 for 1 h. The agitation scores and the Ramsay scores were collected after the beginning of anti-agitation. Arterial blood partial pressure of carbon dioxide was tested. Postoperative complications including nausea and vomiting were recorded. Results Compared with group D, the agitation scores at 5, 10, 15 and 20 min in group DF were lower (P ＜ 0.05). Comparing with group F, the agitation scores at 60, 90 and 120 min in group DF were lower (P ＜ 0.05). The incidence of over-sedation in group DF and in group D was less than that in group F (P ＜ 0.05). PaCO2 was unaltered in all the groups after treatment. The incidence of nausea, vomiting, bradycardia, hypertension, hypotension and respiration depression and long QT interval between the groups were comparable. Conclusion Combination of dexmedetomidine and droperidol is effective and safe in the treatment of agitation during sevoflurane general anesthesia recovery period in the elderly undergoing thoracotomy.

A low dose of droperidol decreases the desflurane concentration needed during breast cancer surgery: a randomized double-blinded study / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Droperidol (DHB) reportedly reduces the dose of propofol needed to achieve hypnosis when anesthesia is induced and decreases the bispectral index (BIS) in propofol-sedated patients during spinal anesthesia. We reported previously that supplemental DHB decreased the BIS after the administration of sevoflurane and remifentanil. This study investigated the effect of DHB on desflurane (DES) consumption in a clinical setting. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized double-blinded study of 35 women with American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status I or II who underwent a mastectomy. Either DHB (20 µg/kg) or a saline placebo was administered to patients 30 min after the induction of anesthesia. A blinded anesthesiologist maintained a BIS value of 50 during anesthesia by modulating inhaled DES concentrations that changed 0.5% at 2.5 min intervals and maintained analgesia via the constant administration of remifentanil by referring to vital signs. The primary endpoint was the effect of DHB on DES consumption. The secondary endpoints included blood circulatory parameters, the time from the end of surgery to extubation, and discharge time between the groups. RESULTS: The characteristics of the patients did not differ between the groups. The DHB group used a mean of 27.2 ± 6.0 ml of DES compared with 41.4 ± 9.5 ml by the placebo group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A small dose of DHB reduced the DES concentration needed to maintain a BIS of 50. Our results show that DHB reduced the consumption of DES without adverse effects.

Comparison of droperidol and ondansetron prophylactic effect on subarachnoid morphine-induced pruritus / Comparação dos efeitos profiláticos do droperidol e do ondansetron sobre o prurido provocado pela morfina subaracnoidea / Comparación de los efectos profilácticos del droperidol y del ondansetrón sobre el prurito provocado por la morfina subaracnoidea

The prophylactic effect of ondansetron on subarachnoid morphine-induced pruritus is controversial, while evidence suggests that droperidol prevents pruritus. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of droperidol and ondansetron on subarachnoid morphine-induced pruritus.

O efeito profilático do ondansetron sobre prurido provocado pela morfina subaracnoidea é controverso, enquanto evidências sugerem que o droperidol previne o prurido. O objetivo do presente trabalho é comparar o efeito do droperidol com o do ondansetron sobre o prurido provocado pela morfina subaracnoidea.

El efecto profiláctico del ondansetrón sobre el prurito provocado por la morfina subaracnoidea es controvertido, mientras las evidencias nos muestran que el droperidol previene el prurito. El objetivo del presente trabajo es comparar el efecto del droperidol con el del ondansetrón sobre el prurito provocado por la morfina subaracnoidea.

The anesthesia effect in patients undergoing artificial abortion treated with droperidol and pethidine hydro-chloride in combination with paracervical block / 中国基层医药

Objective To analyze the anesthesia effect of droperidol and pethidine hydrochloride in combina-tion with paracervical block in artificial abortion.Methods 386 patients undergoing artificial abortion were admitted. They were randomly divided into the two groups.The study group(193 cases)was treated with droperidol and pethi-dine hydrochloride in combination with paracervical block,while the control group (193 cases)was treated with droperidol and pethidine hydrochloride only.The analgesic effect,hemodynamics,cervix relaxation and side effects between the two groups were compared.Results The analgesic effect of the study group was 9 1 .7%,which was much higher than 72.0% of the control group(χ2 =25.198,P<0.01),and there were significant differences between the two groups in hemodynamics(t=4.545,3.674,all P<0.01).The total cervix relaxation were 102 cases,and partly cervix relaxation were 69 cases in the study group,which were significantly higher than that of the control group (69 cases,60 cases,respectively;Z=4.643,P<0.01).There was no difference between side effects except for abor-tion syndrome(χ2 =7.580,P=0.006).Conclusion Droperidol and pethidine hydrochloride in combination with paracervical block have an excellent effect on artificial abortion.

Efficacy Observation of the Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting after Laparoscopic Appendectomy with Droperidol and Tropisetron / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To compare preventive effects of droperidol and tropisetron on nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic appendectomy.METHODS:60 patients with general anesthesia underwent elective laparoscopic appendectomy were randomly divided into group A,group B and group C (n=20).Before suture,group A received 0.9% sodium chloride injection 10 mL,group B droperidol 1.25 mg,group C tropisetron 5 mg.Patients were extubated as them became conscious.The occurrence of nausea and vomiting 24 h after operation were observed and recorded.RESULTS:The occurrence rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting in group B and group C were significantly lower than in group A (P0.05).CONCLUSION:Droperidol and tropisetron could significantly reduce the occurrence of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic appendectomy.

The Optimal Administration of Epidural Droperidol to Reduce the Side Effects of Epidural Opioid / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Epidural opioids are used for the treatment of postoperative pain, but the incidence of side effects like nausea, vomiting, and pruritus is high. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal method for administering epidural droperidol to reduce the side effects of epidural opioids. METHODS: A randomly sampled group of 145 patients that had undergone abdominal or lower leg surgery under general anesthesia were divided into the four groups. All patients received morphine 4 mg, fentanyl 500microgram and 0.2% ropivacaine 100 ml using a 2-day epidural infusion pump, and morphine 1 mg, fentanyl 50 mg and 0.2% ropivacaine 10 ml by epidural bolus. Group 1 patients (control group, n = 40) did not receive epidural droperidol. Group 2 patients (n = 35) received 2.5 mg of droperidol as an epidural bolus. Group 3 patients (n = 35) received 2.5 mg of droperidol as a continuous infusion. Group 4 patients (n = 35) received 1.25 mg of droperidol as an epidural bolus and 1.25 mg of droperidol as a continuous infusion simultaneously. Nausea, vomiting, and pruritus were assessed and recorded by a blind observer 1, 6, 24, and 48 hours after the bolus epidural administration of droperidol. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the four groups in terms of the intensity of sedation, nausea, vomiting, and pruritus. The incidence of nausea and vomiting in groups 2, 3, and 4 at 1 hour, in groups 2 and 4 at 6 hours, and in groups 3 at 48 hours was significantly lower than in control group. The incidences of pruritus in groups 2, 3, and 4 at 6 hours, and in groups 3 and 4 at 24 and 48 hours were significantly less than that of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Epidural bolus droperidol is effective at reducing nausea, and vomiting during the early postoperative stage. Continuous epidural droperidol is also effective at reducing the pruritus during the late postoperative stage.

Study on cause for dysphoria and treatment methods for analgesia and sedation in craniocerebral injury patients / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To study the causes for dysphoria and discuss the medication methods of controlling the dysphoria in craniocerebral injury patients. Methods First, craniocerebral injury patients were grouped to analyze the causes for their dyshoria. Then, the patients were injected with Tramadol (1 mg/kg), Droperidol (0.05 mg/kg) and Midazolam (0.1 mg/kg). Successively, analgestic pump containing combined Tramadol that included Tramadol (15 mg/kg), Droperidol (0.15 mg/kg), Midazolam (0.4 mg/kg) and 100 ml 10 g/L Procaine was used for 50 hours, (1.5-2.5) ml/h, continuously. The medication time ranged from 40 hours to 160 hours. Results Of 71 patients with dysphoria, 43 patients with grades Ⅰ and Ⅱ dysphoria were under complete control, 19 with grade Ⅲ dysphoria (eight were injected with more load) under basic control, one with grade Ⅳ dysphoria under control and eight degraded to grade Ⅱ dysphoria but needed additional load. Of all, 63 patients were successfully controlled (89%) and eight (11%) got better, with effectiveness rate of 100%. Blood pressure, heart rate and breath remained clam, which was good for oxygen transferring to brain and reducing of encephalic pressure. Conclusions The causes for dysphoria in craniocerebral injury patients include stimulation of pain and acute psychopathic impediment. Continuous injection of Tramadol via analgesic pump is an ideal medication methhod for analgesia and sedation, for it can not only hold blood and medicament in invariableness, but also make the patients quiet, without bad reaction or affecting process of regaining consciousness.

Application value of low-dose of sedative and analgesic in transesophageal echocardiography / 中华超声影像学杂志

0.05). Conclusions With intravenous injection of low-dose combination, droperidol and fentanyl can produce effective, painless and safe sedation for TEE examination.

Acute Dystonia by Droperidol during Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia in Young Patients

Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is an important means for postoperative analgesia with parenteral opioid. However, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains a major problem with a PCA system. Droperidol is used in PCA to prevent PONV. Extrapyramidal reactions by droperidol are, however, occasionally induced. We describe two cases of severe extrapyramidal hypertonic syndrome with an intravenous administration of droperidol in PCA in young patients, following orthopedic surgery.

The Comparision of Antiemetic Effects of Propofol, Ondansetron, Droperidol and Metoclopramide in Patients Undergoing Middle Ear Surgery / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to compare the antiemetic effects of propofol, ondansetron, droperidol and metoclopramide for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing middle ear surgery. METHODS: One-hundred-twenty patients were scheduled for middle ear surgery (tympanomastoidectomy and tympanoplasty). Patients received propofol (0.5 mg/kg), ondansetron (60microgram/kg), droperidol (20microgram/kg) or metoclopramide (0.2 mg/kg) intravenously at the end of the surgical procedure. The assesment of PONV was performed during 3 periods after receiving anesthesia; 0 to 2 hours in the postanesthetic care unit, 2 to 12 hours and 12 to 24 hours in the ward. RESULTS: The percentage of no emesis during the 0 to 2 hour period after receiving anesthesia was 93% for the those who received propofol, 73% for the those who received ondansetron, 70% for the those who received droperidol, and 70% for the those who received metoclopramide. The respective corresponding incidence during the 2 to 12 hour period after receiving anesthesia was 86%, 66%, 63%, and 63%, and the respective corresponding incidence during the 12-24 hour period after receiving anesthesia was 90%, 66%, 66%, and 66%. No clinically adverse events were observed in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: A small dose of propofol is a better antiemetic than ondansetron, droperidol or metoclopramide for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery.

Comparison of the Antiemetic Efficacy of Droperidol, Granisetron, and Propofol after Epidural Morphine / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: We compared the antiemetic efficacy of droperidol, granisetron, and propofol in postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in the patients who received epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine and morphine. METHODS: Among one hundred and sixty one ASA physical status I or II patients who received an abdominal hysterectomy under epidural anesthesia, sixty patients who showed PONV and thereby received antiemetics were randomly assigned into 3 groups: droperidol 0.75 mg (droperidol group: n = 20), granisetron 1.0 mg (granisetron group: n = 20) or propofol 20 mg (propofol group: n = 20) by an intravenous injection. Antiemetics were injected according to the patient request up to 3 times of initial dose. Nausea, vomiting, sedation, anxiety, and discomfort were assessed and the time interval between each antiemetic administration was recorded by a blind observer for 30 min after the injection of antiemetics. RESULTS: Success rates in PONV control for 30 min after the 1st antiemetic administration were 90%, 95%, and 85% in the droperidol, granisetron, and propofol group, respectively. The propofol group experienced a higher relapse incidence (90%) than other groups (droperidol: 35%, granisetron: 25%)(P<0.05). The granisetron group showed a longer time interval between the 1st and 2nd antiemetic administration (616 +/- 501 min: P<0.05) than other groups. No patients in the granisetron and propofol groups showed any anxiety and discomfort, however six patients in the droperidol group showed some anxiety and discomfort. CONCLUSIONS: All antiemetics were effective to control the PONV, but droperidol caused some anxiety and discomfort and propofol showed higher relapse incidence.

Analgetic effect of combined use of misoprostol and mixture of pethidine and droperidol during hysteroscopic operations / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To investigate the value of combined use of misoprostol and intravenous mixture of pethidine and droperidol during operative hysteroscopy. Methods A total of 168 cases scheduled for hysteroscopy were divided into 4 groups: Group Ⅰ (42 cases) was transvaginally given 0.4 mg misoprostol as monotherapy; Group Ⅱ (41 cases) was given 0.4 mg transvaginal misoprostol in combination with intravenous mixture of 50 mg pethidine and 2.5 mg droperidol; Group Ⅲ (43 cases) was given 0.4 mg transvaginal misoprostol combined with intravenous mixture of 100 mg pethidine and 5 mg droperidol; and Group Ⅳ (42 cases), intravenous mixture of 100 mg pethidine and 5 mg droperidol. The heart rate, breath rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, cervical responses, VAS scores and complications were assessed respectively. Results There were statistically significant differences regarding the degree of cervical dilatation, the operation time, and the used volume of cavity-distention media between the Group Ⅳ and the Group Ⅰ, Group Ⅱ, and Group Ⅲ, respectively (P0.05). Significant differences were observed in the analgetic effect in the 4 groups (?~2=86.325,P=0.000), among which the Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ were superior to the other two. All patients in the 4 groups represented a stable respiratory process and blood circulation, with no significant differences in the rate of adverse effects (?~2=1.649, P=0.648). Conclusions Transvaginal application of misoprostol offers a convincing effect for cervical dilatation. Combined use of misoprostol and mixture of 50 mg pethidine and 2.5 mg droperidol gives a satisfactory analgetic effect during operative hysteroscopy.

The Effects of Propofol Anesthesia or Prophylactic Droperidol on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing a Gynecologic Laparoscopy / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication of a gynecologic laparoscopy. This study was designed to assess the effect of prophylactic droperidol 1 mg or propofol as the induction and maintenance anesthetic agent for prophylaxis of PONV in women undergoing a gynecologic laparoscopy. METHODS: Eighty ASA physical status 1, 2 patients undergoing an elective gynecologic laparoscopy were randomly allocated into four groups. Group 1 (n = 20) recieved an intravenous placebo of noraml saline 1 ml prior to induction of anesthesia and N2O-enflurane general anesthesia. Group 2 (n = 20) recieved an intravenous placebo of noraml saline 1 ml prior to induction of anesthesia and N2O-propofol general anesthesia. Group 3 (n = 20) recieved intravenous prophylactic droperidol 1 mg prior to induction of anesthesia and N2O-enflurane general anesthesia. Group 4 (n = 20) recieved intravenous prophylactic droperidol 1 mg prior to induction of anesthesia and N2O-propofol general anesthesia. RESULTS: The incidence and severity of PONV and sedation scores were assessed at 0, 30 min, 1, 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours postoperatively. The incidence of PONV was 75% in group 1, 10% in group 2, 30% in group 3 and 20% in group 4. The incidence of PONV during the first 6 hours postoperatively was 70% in group 1, 0% in group 2, 10% in group 3 and 5% in group 4 and there were no statistical differences among the four groups in the 6 to 24 hour postoperative period. Sedation scores were significantly higher in group 3 and 4 than in 1 and 2 in the 3 to 6 hour postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: Propofol anesthesia, prophylactic droperidol 1 mg and a combination to prevent PONV were highly effective during the first 6 hours postoperatively.

Acute Dystonia by Droperidol during Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia in Children / 대한마취과학회지

Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is an important means for postoperative analgesia with parenteral opioids. However, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains a major complication with a PCA system. Droperidol is used in PCA to prevent PONV. Extrapyramidal reactions by droperidol are, however, occasionally induced. We describe two cases of severe extrapyramidal hypertonic syndrome with an IV administration of droperidol in PCA in two children, following orthopedic surgery. One patient showed a hypertonic syndrome 20 minutes after receiving droperidol 1.0 mg IV and the symptoms persisted for nearly 12 h without prescription. Another patient revealed an acute rigidity 19 h after the beginning of PCA and was treated with an IM administration of midazolam 2 mg successfully.

Effects of Continuous Intravenous Analgesia Versus Epidural Analgesia after Lumbar Spinal Surgery: A Prospective Study

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this non-randomized prospective study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of continuous intravenous nalbuphine-ketorolac-droperidol(CIA) versus continuous infusion of epidural morphine-bupivacaine(CEA) for pain control after lumbar spinal surgery. METHODS: Twenty-one patients who underwent spine surgery including laminectomy, fusion with fixation were assigned to receive an intravenous bolus of nalbuphine 5mg and ketorolac 15mg, followed by a continuous infusion of nalbuphine 25mg, ketorolac 105mg, and droperidol 5mg mixed with normal saline 98cc(2cc/hr). Twenty patients received a bolus infusion of morphine 2mg and 0.125% bupivacaine 8cc followed by a continuous intravenous infusion of 100cc 0.125% bupivacaine and morphine sulfate 8.0mg(2cc/hr). Pain score was measured on a visual analogue scale(VAS). It's safety and efficacies were compared with the results of continuous infusion of epidural morphine-bupivacaine, which was reported previously by same authors. A continuous infuser was used to give epidural morphine-bupivacaine and intravenous nalbuphine-ketorolac-droperidol. RESULTS: In general, mild pain, pain less than 3 VAS scores, was observed postoperatively from 30minutes to 72hours in CEA group, and from 6 hours to 72 hours in CIA group. The early postoperative pain was controlled easily in 6 hours in CEA group, compared to CIA group(p<0.05). However, there was no statistical significance in 72 hours on pain scores between CEA and CIA groups after 6-12hours of pain managements. Pruritus, nausea and vomiting, and urinary retention were more frequent in CEA group. CONCLUSION: CIA and CEA are considered effective methods in postoperative pain managements. However, adequate doses in early intravenous infusion and continuous intravenous analgesia with nalbuphine-ketorolac-droperidol will be needed for better control in early postoperative pain with less side effects.

The Effects of Midazolam and Droperidol Pretreatment on the Cardiac Toxicity of Bupivacaine in Rabbits / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Unintended intravenous injection of bupivacaine causes severe cardiovascular complication, which is known for its difficulty in resuscitation. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of pretreatment with midazolam and droperidol in the cardiac toxicity caused by intravenous infusion of bupivacaine. METHODS: Thirty rabbits were divided into three groups; saline- as a control, midazolam, and droperidol pretreated group. We observed the time intervals for the arrhythmia, 25% and 50% reduction in baseline mean arterial blood pressure, and arrest. We also checked the dose of infused bupivacaine to be required for arrest during continuous intravenous infusion of bupivacaine at the rate of 1 mg/kg/min. RESULTS: The onset of dysrhythmia and the time to 50% reduction in baseline mean arterial blood pressure and arrest were significantly more delayed in the midazolam group than the control group (P < 0.05). With respect to the time to 25%, 50% reduction in baseline mean arterial blood pressure and arrest, the data of the droperidol group was significantly shorter than that of the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Droperidol pretreatment hastened bupivacaine induced cardiac arrest in rabbits. Midazolam pretreatment exerted protective effects on arrhythmia and cardiac arrest. Thus midazolam would be a preferable agent as a supplement for regional anesthesia using bupivacaine.

Effects of droperidol on the enhancement of persistent sodium currents induced by in vitro ischemia-like condition in isolated rat CA1 paramidal neurons / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To study the effects of droperidol on the enhancement of persistent sodium currents induced by in vitro ischemia-like condition in isolated rat CA1 paramidal neurons. METHODS: Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made from enzymatically isolated rat CA1 hippocampal paramidal neurons. Ischemia was induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation. RESULTS: All of 3, 10 ,and 30 ?mol?L -1 of droperidol significantly inhibited the enhancement of persistent sodium currents induced by ischemia, but the different concentrations did not show significant difference. CONCLUSION: Droperidol in clinical concentration can inhibit the enhancement of persistent sodium current induced by ischemia.

Postoperative Antiemetic Effect of Ondansetron and Droperidol in Female Patients Undergoing Breast Surgery / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most common complications following surgery performed under general anesthesia, especially in female patients. A reduction of PONV would improve the overall satisfaction of patients with their hospital experience and the quality of patient care. We have compared the efficacy of ondansetron to droperidol and saline in the prevention of PONV in 90 ASA 1 and 2 patients undergoing breast surgery. METHODS: Patients were randomly divided into four groups to receive pretreatment with a placebo 20 ml, droperidol 1.25 mg and ondansetron 4 mg, or 8 mg. Postoperatively, all episodes of PONV experienced by the patients during the first 24 hours after anesthesia were recorded by study personnel without knowledge of which antiemetics the patients had received. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the incidence of PONV between the four groups. No major adverse effects were observed in the ondansetron or droperidol groups. CONCLSIONS: The present study demonstrates that droperidol 1.25 mg, ondansetron 4 mg, or 8 mg IV are not superior to a placebo IV in preventing PONV after breast surgery.

A Study of Epidural Droperidol Dosage for Reducing Nausea, Vomiting and Pruritus Due to Epidural Morphine and Fentanyl in Epidural Pain Management of Patients Undergoing Vaginal Total Hysterectomy / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Epidural pain control has been used extensively for postoperative pain management, but nausea, vomiting and pruritus associated with morphine and fentanyl administration remain intractable problems. The aim of this study is to find the optimal epidural droperidol dosage for reducing the side effects of epidural morphine and fentanyl. METHODS: 140 patients randomly sampled and undergoing vaginal total hysterectomy were divided into 7 groups. Groups I and IV, and groups II and V, and groups III and VI, received 5 mg, 3.75 mg, 2.5 mg of droperidol by 2-day infusion pump through the indwelling epidural catheter, respectively. Group IV, V, VI patients received 1.25 mg of bolus droperidol through the indwelling epidural catheter at the time of peritoneal closure. As group VII was the control group, these patients received only epidural analgesics (morphine 10 mg, fentanyl citrate 300 microgram and 0.05% bupivacaine 100 ml) by 2-day infusion pump. RESULTS: Droperidol significantly reduced the incidence and severity of postoperative nausea, vomiting and itching sensation compared with the control group but verbal rating scale (VRS) of sedation was increased with the dosage of droperidol. There was no significant difference in the intensity of analgesia between the there groups. CONCLUSIONS: An effective epidural droperidol dosage for reducing postoperative nausea, vomiting and pruritus due to epidural pain control is 2.5 mg by 2-day infusion pump.

A Study of Epidural Droperidol Dosage for Reducing Nausea, Vomiting and Pruritus Due to Epidural Morphine and Fentanyl in Epidural Pain Management of Patients Undergoing Vaginal Total Hysterectomy / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Epidural pain control has been used extensively for postoperative pain management, but nausea, vomiting and pruritus associated with morphine and fentanyl administration remain intractable problems. The aim of this study is to find the optimal epidural droperidol dosage for reducing the side effects of epidural morphine and fentanyl. METHODS: 140 patients randomly sampled and undergoing vaginal total hysterectomy were divided into 7 groups. Groups I and IV, and groups II and V, and groups III and VI, received 5 mg, 3.75 mg, 2.5 mg of droperidol by 2-day infusion pump through the indwelling epidural catheter, respectively. Group IV, V, VI patients received 1.25 mg of bolus droperidol through the indwelling epidural catheter at the time of peritoneal closure. As group VII was the control group, these patients received only epidural analgesics (morphine 10 mg, fentanyl citrate 300 microgram and 0.05% bupivacaine 100 ml) by 2-day infusion pump. RESULTS: Droperidol significantly reduced the incidence and severity of postoperative nausea, vomiting and itching sensation compared with the control group but verbal rating scale (VRS) of sedation was increased with the dosage of droperidol. There was no significant difference in the intensity of analgesia between the there groups. CONCLUSIONS: An effective epidural droperidol dosage for reducing postoperative nausea, vomiting and pruritus due to epidural pain control is 2.5 mg by 2-day infusion pump.