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Background: Due to easy availability and high prevalence of chronic diseases, an increased number of drugs are being prescribed per family. It is important to ensure patients are aware of appropriate storage requirements to prevent negative health and economic consequences. Aim and Objectives: (1) To identify drug storage habits of patients (2) To evaluate the awareness of patients regarding appropriate storage conditions. (3) To identify potential harmful usage patterns of stored drugs in the household. Materials and Methods: This is a survey-based study among 100 patients attending the medicine outpatient department (OPD). A pre-validated questionnaire was given to the participants and response was collected and analyzed. Results: All participants reported storage of medications at home. An average of 3.42 ± 1.8 drugs were stored at home. Future use (50%) was the most common reason for storing medications. Analgesics (35%), cardiovascular medications (35%), and antibiotics were the most common drug groups to be stored. Bedroom cabinets and drawers were the most common storage location. Only 25% of participants were aware that drugs had specific storage requirements. Most participants (85%) could not read or understand the label present on drug formulations. Conclusion: Awareness of appropriate home storage conditions for medications remains low. This presents an opportunity for health-care providers and workers to better communicate storage instructions. Understanding patient behavior in this regard may lead to better health outcomes
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OBJECTIVE To build an “integration of drug storage and dispensing” intelligent drug validity management system in outpatient pharmacy， and to evaluate the effect of this system. METHODS The information technology was used to connect the drug information in the primary storage， the intelligent secondary storage and the rapid dispensing machine； an “integration of drug storage and dispensing” intelligent drug validity management system was constructed. At the same time， the implementation effects of drug validity management system in outpatient pharmacy of our hospital were evaluated one year before and after the construction of the system. RESULTS By using information technology， intelligent closed-loop management of batch number and expiration date information throughout the entire process of drug circulation in outpatient pharmacy of our hospital had been achieved， making it easy to track and trace drug information. After the establishment of the intelligent system， the time spent on managing drug validity every month was reduced from 103 people·h to 8 people·h； the number of near-expired drugs per month had decreased from （30.67±1.10）types to （17.67±1.17）types（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The intelligent drug validity management system in outpatient pharmacy based on the mode of “integration of drug storage and dispensing” makes the drug validity management in the outpatient pharmacy more scientific， reasonable and efficient.
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Objetivo: Describir los factores de riesgo vinculados al almacenamiento excesivo de medicamentos en hogares urbanos de una región en México. Material y Método: Utilizando una encuesta virtual, se recopilaron datos sociodemográficos de los miembros del hogar y detalles sobre los medicamentos almacenados. Los datos se analizaron mediante medidas de tendencia central, dispersión y pruebas de Odds Ratio y Chi cuadrado para analizar asociaciones significativas entre variables. Resultados: De un total de 300 hogares encuestados, el 20% tenían niños menores de cinco años, el 25,3% tenían adultos mayores y el 78,5% disponían de seguridad social. Además, se observó una mayor prevalencia de analgésicos (99%), antiinflamatorios (92%) y antipiréticos (89%) en comparación con otros grupos de medicamentos. La mayoría de las familias optaba por contenedores de plástico para almacenar los fármacos. El 51% informó poseer medicamentos caducados en sus hogares, pese a que todos los encuestados hayan afirmado seguir buenas prácticas en relación con el almacenamiento. Conclusión: Se determina que los adultos mayores, la seguridad social y la presencia de enfermedades crónicas son factores de riesgo significativos para el almacenamiento excesivo, siendo la acumulación de medicamentos caducados, una consecuencia de tal fenómeno.
Objective: To describe the risk factors associated with excessive medication storage in urban households in a region of Mexico. Materials and Methods: A virtual survey was used to collect sociodemographic data of household members and details concerning stored medications. Data were analyzed using measures of central tendency, dispersion, and odds Ratio and Chi-square tests to explore significant associations between variables. Results: Of the 300 surveyed households, 20% had children under the age of five, 25.3% had elderly adults, and 78.5% had social security coverage. In addition, a higher prevalence of analgesics (99%), anti-inflammatories (92%), and antipyretics (89%) was observed compared to other medication categories. Plastic containers were the preferred choice of most families for storing medication. 51% percent reported having expired medications at home, despite all respondents claiming to adhere to proper storage practices. Conclusion: It was determined that elderly people, social security coverage, and the presence of chronic illnesses are significant risk factors for excessive storage, with the accumulation of expired medications being a consequence of this phenomenon.
Objetivo: Descrever os fatores de risco associados ao armazenamento excessivo de medicamentos em domicílios urbanos de uma região do México. Material e Método: Utilizando uma pesquisa virtual, foram coletados dados sociodemográficos dos membros da família e detalhes sobre os medicamentos armazenados. Os dados foram analisados por meio de medidas de tendência central, dispersão e testes de Odds Ratio e Qui-quadrado para explorar associações significativas entre variáveis. Resultados: De um total de 300 domicílios pesquisados, 20% tinham crianças menores de cinco anos, 25,3% tinham adultos idosos e 78,5% possuíam cobertura de seguridade social. Além disso, foi observada uma maior prevalência de analgésicos (99%), anti-inflamatórios (92%) e antipiréticos (89%) em comparação com outras categorias de medicamentos. A maioria das famílias preferia recipientes de plástico para o armazenamento dos medicamentos. 51% relataram possuir medicamentos vencidos em casa, apesar de todos os entrevistados afirmarem aderir às práticas adequadas de armazenamento. Conclusão: Estabelece-se que adultos idosos, cobertura de seguridade social e a presença de doenças crônicas são fatores de risco significativos para o armazenamento excessivo, sendo o acúmulo de medicamentos vencidos uma consequência desse fenômeno.
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RESUMEN Introducción: Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, el desecho de medicamentos es la eliminación de todos aquellos productos farmacéuticos que han expirado, derramado o contaminado y medicamentos que no son de utilidad y necesitan disponerse de forma adecuada. Objetivo: Caracterizar los medicamentos desechados en Costa Rica durante el 2019, con el sistema de recolección de una empresa de recolección de medicamentos en desuso. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo-analítico y de corte transversal. El estudio se desarrolló en las instalaciones de la empresa MPD en Curridabat, San José, donde se almacenan los contenedores de la empresa. Los datos obtenidos se depositaron en una base de datos elaborada en Excel 2016. Resultados: En su mayoría los medicamentos encontrados vencidos eran de uso humano, especialmente para adultos, la forma farmacéutica más común fue la enteral, procedentes de los sectores privado y público. Existe una relación significativa entre la condición de los medicamentos y su origen, así como entre el origen y la forma farmacéutica. No existe relación significativa entre la forma farmacéutica de los medicamentos y la condición de estos, tampoco entre la nacionalidad y la condición. Conclusiones: La condición de desuso fue la que más prevaleció dentro de los medicamentos desechados. El principio activo más desechado fue el paracetamol y el principal grupo farmacológico encontrado en los productos desechados fue el de los analgésicos.
SUMMARY Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, the disposal of medicines is the elimination of all those pharmaceutical products that have expired, spilled, or contaminated and medicines that are not useful and need to be disposed of properly. Objective: To characterize the medicines discarded in Costa Rica during 2019, with the collection system of a company that collects disused medicines. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive-analytical, and cross-sectional study was carried out. The study was carried out at the facilities of the MPD Company in Curridabat, San José, where the company's containers are stored. The data obtained was deposited in a database elaborated in Excel 2016. Results: Most of the expired drugs were for human use, especially for adults, the most common pharmaceutical form was enteral, from the private and national sectors. There is a significant relationship between the condition of the drugs and their origin, as well as between the origin and the pharmaceutical form. There is no significant relationship between the pharmaceutical form of the drugs and their condition, nor between nationality and condition. Conclusions: The condition of disuse was the most prevalent among the discarded drugs. The most discarded active principle was paracetamol and the main pharmacological group found in discarded products was analgesics.
RESUMO Introdução: De acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde, o descarte de medicamentos é a eliminação de todos os produtos farmacêuticos vencidos, derramados ou contaminados e os medicamentos que não são úteis e precisam ser descartados de maneira adequada. Objetivo: Caracterizar os medicamentos descartados na Costa Rica durante o 2019, com o sistema de coleta de uma empresa que coleta medica mentos fora de uso. Materiais e métodos: foi realizado um estudo observacional, descritivo-analítico e transversal. O estudo foi realizado nas instalações da empresa MPD em Curridabat, San José, onde estão armazenados os contentores da empresa. Os dados obtidos foram depositados em banco de dados elaborado no Excel 2016. Resultados: A maioria dos medicamentos vencidos era para uso humano, principalmente para adultos, a forma farmacêutica mais comum foi a enteral, do setor privado e nacional. Existe uma relação significativa entre o estado dos medicamentos e sua origem, bem como entre a origem e a forma farmacêutica. Não existe relação significativa entre a forma farmacêutica dos medicamentos e o seu estado de saúde, nem entre a nacionalidade e o estado de saúde. Conclusões: A condição de desuso foi a mais prevalente entre os medicamentos descartados. O princípio ativo mais descartado foi o paracetamol e o principal grupo farmacológico encontrado nos produtos descartados foram os analgésicos.
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In the pharmaceutical department of Iizuka Hospital, larvae of the cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne) were found in Plantago seed for the first time since the Department of Japanese Kampo Medicine started in 1992. The larvae grew into pupae and then adults. The plastic-packaged Plantago seed was left for about 3 months, during which several larvae and adult cigarette beetles appeared. Cigarette beetles are very common insects in summer and it is important that we store crude drugs in hard closed containers in our refrigerators. The larvae can bite strongly and puncture plastic packaging, however they cannot live under 15 ℃. Education of crude drug storage for patients is very important.
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Objective: Sodium valproate granules (VPA granules) are extremely hygroscopic, deliquesce slowly in the air, and aggregate depending on temperature and humidity conditions. Although pharmacists are required to maintain drug storage conditions until the time of dispensing, they cannot keep track of the actual storage conditions maintained by the patients thereafter. Therefore, we investigated the actual temperature and humidity of the storage conditions maintained by the patients after delivery of the VPA granules.Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study at Kameda Medical Center on pediatric outpatients who were prescribed VPA granules from July 5, 2018 to February 20, 2019. A portable data logger capable of measuring temperature and humidity for 24 h was delivered at the time of dispensation. At the following visit, the data logger was collected, and data about temperature and humidity were obtained. We defined the suitable temperature as 1.0-30.0℃ and suitable humidity as 75.0% or less.Results: In this study, 13 patients were included. In total, 18 data loggers were distributed, and the return rate was 100.0%. The storage temperature was outside the suitable range in 0.8% of the total observation time whereas the humidity exceeded 75.0% in 1.7% of the total observation time.Conclusion: Storage of medications after dispensation was evaluated, and certain temperature and humidity deviations were observed. As storing a drug in an inappropriate environment changes the nature of the drug, affecting its efficacy and safety, it is necessary to educate patients on the proper methods to store oral medications.
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RESUMEN Los medicamentos sobrantes y caducados en el hogar deberían ser eliminados de una manera que garantice la seguridad de la población, y que tenga un impacto negativo mínimo en el medio ambiente. Desde esta perspectiva se desarrolló el presente estudio cuyo objetivo fue conocer las prácticas de desecho de medicamentos del botiquín familiar en estudiantes de medicina en Quito-Ecuador. Entre diciembre de 2018 y enero de 2019, se encuestaron 498 estudiantes de diferentes semestres, y se evidenció que hasta un 30,3% de estudiantes alguna vez desechó los medicamentos a través del inodoro, y un 7,2% reconoció que sacaba los medicamentos del empaque primario, para depositarlos en la basura común. Como objetivo secundario se analizaron los medicamentos caducados y sobrantes del botiquín familiar de los encuestados. Se encontró que los medicamentos más frecuentes fueron metformina, seguido por acetaminofén, espironolactona e ibuprofeno. El estudio muestra la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias multisectoriales para la implementación de políticas sobre el desecho doméstico, las cuales permitirán controlar, y en el mejor de los casos, disminuir el impacto negativo tanto ambiental como en salud pública.
ABSTRACT: Leftover and expired medicines in households must be disposed of in such a way as to ensure the population's safety, while generating the lowest possible negative impact on the environment. In this context, the aim of this study was to explore drug disposal practices related to home medicine cabinets among medical students in Quito, Ecuador. Between December 2018 and January 2019, 498 students from different semesters were surveyed. Data show that up to 30.3% of students had flushed their medicines down the toilet at least once, while 7.2% acknowledged that they had removed the medicines from their packaging to deposit them in a household garbage disposal. A secondary aim of the study was to analyze expired and leftover drugs in participants' medicine cabinets. Metformin was the most common medication found, followed by acetaminophen, spironolactone, and ibuprofen. This study shows the urgent need to develop multisectoral strategies for the implementation of policies on pharmaceutical domestic waste, which will make it possible to control and reduce the negative impact on both the environment and public health.
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Resumo Introdução Medicamentos vencidos em farmácias caseiras são potenciais agentes causadores de danos à saúde humana e ao meio ambiente. Neste sentido, são essenciais estudos que subsidiem políticas de intervenção para minimização dos riscos. Objetivo Estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados aos medicamentos vencidos em estoques caseiros. Método O estudo transversal foi realizado por meio de entrevistas nas residências dos usuários da atenção primária à saúde (APS) de uma cidade do centro-oeste mineiro, Brasil. As estimativas de prevalência e suas associações foram realizadas por meio de modelos lineares generalizados (MLGs). Resultados Nos 423 estoques caseiros, foram encontrados 4.203 medicamentos, com uma média de 10 medicamentos/residência (DP = 5,87). A prevalência de residências com medicamentos vencidos foi de 45,4%, sendo os antimicrobianos e analgésicos os mais prevalentes. A presença de medicamentos vencidos está associada à presença de medicamentos isentos de prescrição (MIPs) e antimicrobianos nas residências e ao comportamento de guardar o medicamento em desuso em seu estoque caseiro. Conclusão Aproximadamente metade das residências possui medicamentos vencidos, e a presença deles está associada à classe terapêutica e ao comportamento do usuário.
Abstract Background The storage of expired medications at home can cause potential damage to human health and the environment. Thus, studies that support intervention policies to minimize risks are essential. Objective To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with storage of expired medications at home. Method The cross-sectional study was conducted through interviews in the homes of Primary Health Care (PHC) users of a city in the center-west of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Prevalence estimates and their associations were performed using generalized linear models (MLGs). Results We found 4,203 medications stored in 423 homes, with an average of 10 medication/residence (SD=5.87). The prevalence of homes with expired medications was 45.4%, with antimicrobials and analgesics being the most prevalent. The presence of expired medications is associated with the presence of Over the Counter drugs (OTC) and antimicrobials at homes, and the behavior of keeping the unused drug in their home pharmacy. Conclusion Almost half of the homes have expired medications. And the presence of these drugs is associated with the therapeutic class and the behavior of the PHC user.
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Estudo metodológico de construção de material educativo impresso (MEI) sobre armazenamento correto de medicamentos nos domicílios e validação por 50 usuários dos serviços de saúde e 52 juízes profissionais da área de saúde. O MEI aborda a maneira correta de armazenar medicamentos, riscos de degradação, ineficiência e intoxicação acidental. A validação de conteúdo foi estabelecida a partir do Level Content Validity Index (CVI) maior que 0,8 para juízes, os quais avaliaram a relevância de informações, clareza, compreensão de texto e ilustrações e aplicabilidade do material. Os usuários analisaram o MEI quanto aos parâmetros de aparência, motivação, conteúdo e organização escrita. Todos os itens foram considerados relevantes pelos avaliadores e o CVI-médio entre juízes foi de 0,96, e entre os usuários, de 0,94. O MEI validado foi utilizado em ações de promoção da saúde apresentando-se como uma ferramenta altamente relevante, técnica e acessível para conscientização sobre o armazenamento correto de medicamentos.
Current methodological study analyzes the construction of printed educational material (PEM) on the correct storage of medicine at home and its validation by 50 users of health service and 52 health professionals/judges. PEM deals with the correct storage of medicine, gradation risks, inefficaciousness and accidental intoxication. Validation of contents was established by Level Content Validity Index (CVI) higher than 0.8 for health professionals/judges who evaluated relevance of data, clarity, text comprehension and illustrations and applicability of the matter. Users analyzed PEM with regard to the parameters appearance, motivation, contents and written organization. All items were considered to be relevant by the evaluators, with mean CVI at 0.96 and 0.94 among health professionals/judges and users respectively. Validated PEM was employed in activities for health promotion as a highly relevant, technical and accessible tool for conscience-awareness on the correct storage of medicines.
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Insulin quality and efficacy determine glycemic control, which determines quality of life for people with diabetes. Insulin efficacy is reducedby heat exposure, especially in tropical climates, remote areas, and with improper handling. Insulin doses can be adjusted based on bloodglucose monitoring, which may compensate for lack of viability. However, a measured response may be difficult with otherbiopharmaceuticals. Thermochromic vial monitor technology developed for oral polio vaccines (vaccine vial monitors) is an inexpensive,easily available, visible modality which can be used for insulin and other biopharmaceuticals to detect excessive heat exposure and thusreduced potency at any point in the cold-chain, till the end-users, thus improving patient care. Regulatory authorities must urgently considerthe need to impose mandatory use of this technology for all biopharmaceuticals, including insulin, to ensure efficacy till end usage.
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ABSTRACT Objective To characterize storage and disposal practices associated with expired medicines in home pharmacies of Primary Care users. Methods Cross-sectional study based on data collected from 423 users of 15 Primary Care units located in a Brazilian city, between August 2014 and July 2016. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Categorical (demographic and socioeconomic characteristics) and continuous variables were expressed as proportions and means and standard deviations, respectively . Storage behaviors and disposal practices associated with unused and expired medicines were described as frequencies. Results Most (83%) interviewees were female and approximately 70% had completed high school. The kitchen was the most common medicine storage place (58.6%). Approximately 75% of participants reported inappropriate medicine disposal practices. Conclusion This study revealed high rates of inappropriate medicine disposal practices with direct impacts on pharmacological treatment and the environment. Continuing education of healthcare professionals and the general public is required to raise awareness about proper medicine use and disposal.
RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar o armazenamento e o descarte de medicamentos vencidos contidos em farmácias caseiras de usuários da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos Estudo transversal, realizado com 423 usuários de 15 unidades de saúde da Atenção Primária em um município brasileiro. Os dados foram coletados de agosto de 2014 a julho de 2016, por meio de entrevistas face a face. As características demográficas e socioeconômicas foram descritas por meio de proporções para as variáveis categóricas. As formas de armazenamento e o descarte de medicamentos vencidos ou não vencidos foram descritos em forma de frequência. Resultados Dentre os entrevistados, 83% eram do sexo feminino e aproximadamente 70% possuíam Ensino Médio completo. A cozinha foi o local mais citado para armazenamento de medicamentos (58,6%). Cerca de 75% dos participantes relataram descartar os medicamentos de forma incorreta. Conclusão O estudo evidenciou que grande proporção dos entrevistados possui hábitos incorretos de descarte, que, por sua vez, impactam diretamente no tratamento medicamentoso e na natureza. Assim, é necessária a educação continuada dos profissionais de saúde e da população, a fim de conscientizar a população sobre a correta utilização e o descarte de medicamentos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Family/psychology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Medical Waste Disposal/statistics & numerical data , Drug Storage/statistics & numerical data , Pharmacies/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Medical Waste Disposal/methods , Educational Status , EnvironmentABSTRACT
RESUMO Avaliaram-se o estoque doméstico e o uso de medicamentos por crianças e adolescentes de 20 municípios do Vale do Jequitinhonha (MG) por meio de estudo tipo inquérito populacional domiciliar. Realizaram-se análise descritiva e testes de associação. Dos 1.237 medicamentos encontrados, 27% estavam em locais de fácil acesso. Não houve associação entre profissões ligadas à área da saúde dos responsáveis com o uso. O grau de instrução ≤ a 4 anos de estudo aparece como de maior risco. As medicações prevalentes foram analgésicos/antipiréticos, antagonista H1 da histamina e antibióticos. Os dados mostram alta prevalência de estoque domiciliar com riscos para crianças, sendo necessárias ações educativas na região.
ABSTRACT The domestic stock and the drug use by children and adolescents from 20 municipalities of the Vale do Jequitinhonha (MG) were evaluated by means of a population-based domestic survey. Descriptive analysis and association tests were performed. Of the 1.237 drugs found, 27% were in easily accessible places. There was no association between the professions related to the health area of the responsible for the use. The instruction degree ≤ 4 years of study appears to be at higher risk. The prevalent drugs were analgesic/antipyretic, histamine H1 antagonist and antibiotics. The data show a high prevalence of domestic stock with risks for children, and educational actions are required in the region.
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OBJECTIVE To characterize the technical issues and conditions of medicines conservation in Primary Health Care of Brazilian regions, responsible for pharmacy/dispensing unit profile; environmental, storage, and dose fractioning conditions; inventory control and waste management; fire and electrical failure safety items; transportation problems; advertising regulation; and pharmacovigilance. METHODS This article is part of the Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos - Serviços (National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines - Services)-, a cross-sectional and exploratory study, of evaluative nature, consisting of an information survey within a representative sample of municipalities, stratified by Brazilian regions, which constitute the study domains, and a sample of Primary Health Care services. Pharmaceutical services (PS) were directly observed with photographic record and face-to-face interviews with those responsible for the dispensing of medicines and over the telephone with those responsible for pharmaceutical services. Data were processed with the SPSS® software version 21. RESULTS The investigated dimensions showed relevant deficiencies and inequalities between the regions, generally more favorable in the Southeast and Midwest regions and weaker in the Northeast and North regions. We verified non-compliance with technical requirements and conditions essential to the conservation of medicines, which may interfere with the maintenance of stability and, thus, on their quality, efficacy, and safety. The regulation of advertising/promotion of medicines is still incipient and there is some progress in the structuring of mechanisms regarding pharmacovigilance. CONCLUSIONS The sanitary situation of medicines in Brazilian Primary Health Care is alarming due to the violation of the specific sanitary legislation for dispensing establishments and due to a wide range of requirements essential to the conservation of medicines. We observed a disconnection between the efforts made in the Brazilian Unified Health System to promote access to medicines for all population and the organization and qualification of pharmaceutical services.
OBJETIVO Caracterizar a situação sanitária dos medicamentos na Atenção Básica, nas regiões brasileiras, quanto a requisitos técnico-sanitários, responsável pela farmácia/unidade de dispensação, condições ambientais, de armazenamento, e de fracionamento, controle de estoque e gerenciamento de resíduos, itens de segurança contra incêndio e pane elétrica, problemas no transporte, regulamentação da propaganda e farmacovigilância. MÉTODOS Artigo integrante da Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos - Serviços, um estudo transversal, exploratório, de natureza avaliativa, composto por um levantamento de informações numa amostra representativa de municípios, estratificada pelas regiões brasileiras, que constituem domínios do Estudo, e uma amostra de serviços de Atenção Básica. Realizou-se observação direta dos serviços farmacêuticos com registro fotográfico e entrevistas presenciais com os responsáveis pela entrega de medicamentos e por telefone com o responsável pela assistência farmacêutica. Os dados foram processados com o software SPSS® versão 21. RESULTADOS As dimensões investigadas mostraram deficiências relevantes e desigualdades entre as regiões, em geral mais favoráveis nas regiões Sudeste e Centro-Oeste e mais deficitárias nas regiões Nordeste e Norte. Constatou-se descumprimento de requisitos técnicos e sanitários imprescindíveis à conservação dos medicamentos que podem interferir na manutenção da estabilidade e, assim, na sua qualidade, eficácia e segurança. A regulação da propaganda/promoção de medicamentos ainda é incipiente e existe algum avanço na estruturação de mecanismos em relação à farmacovigilância. CONCLUSÕES A situação sanitária dos medicamentos na Atenção Básica no Brasil desperta preocupações pelo descumprimento da legislação sanitária específica para os estabelecimentos de dispensação e de um amplo conjunto de requisitos imprescindíveis à conservação dos medicamentos. Constatou-se um descompasso entre os esforços no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde para promover o acesso aos medicamentos para toda a população e a organização e qualificação dos serviços farmacêuticos.
Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Services/standards , Primary Health Care , Drug Storage/standards , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Storage/legislation & jurisprudence , National Health ProgramsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Assess the extent of inadequate home storage of medicines andidentify important risk factors. METHODS A cross-sectional survey based on a probability sample in the community, conducted in 267 households in Cuité, State of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil, in 2014. Logistic regression was used to study the risk factors. RESULTS The prevalence of households with inadequate storage was 76.0%. Problems with storage include direct exposure to sunlight in 10.9% of households, the presence of dust in 23.6%, and storage within reach of children in 76.0%. Medications no longer used are usually disposed of into the environment in 92.1% of households. Inadequate storage is more likely when home organization of medications is the responsibility of a male subject (OR = 1.729) or an older person (OR = 1.029), when out of date medicines are found (OR = 2.963), and in households with no children (OR = 2.088). CONCLUSIONS Physicians and pharmacists should advise patients on how to adequately store medicines at home, especially when the person in charge of medications is a male or an older adult, and if there are no children in the household.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Drug Storage/statistics & numerical data , Patient Medication Knowledge , Brazil , Sex Factors , Family Characteristics , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Middle AgedABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To optimize the drug storage position management in automatic dispensing machine,and improve the dispensing efficiency. METHODS:The orbital utilization rate of drugs in automatic dispensing machine was calculated,the opti-mum value of orbital utilization rate was set up to adjust the drug varieties and numbers of storage tracks for continually optimizing the storage position management. Dispensing rates of automatic dispensing machines and real-time dispensing windows with fully automated deployment before (Mar.-Jun. 2016) and after (Jul.-Oct. 2016) optimization were statistically analyzed and compared. RESULTS:The optimum value of orbital utilization rate was set up as 67%. Drugs more than the value were increased the num-bers of storage tracks,while drugs less than the value was decreased the numbers of storage tracks or removed out of dispensing machines. From Mar. to Oct. 2016,2 dispensing machines in our hospital adjusted 75 varieties and 127 orbits in total,storage num-bers was increased by 158 boxes. Compared with before optimization (Mar.),dispensing rate of automatic dispensing machines was increased from 73.7% to 81.3% after optimization(Oct.),dispensing rate of real-time dispensing window was increased from 39.8% to 51.8%(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Applying the orbital utilization rate algorithm for adjusting drug variety and track number in machine can effectively and continually optimize the drug storage position,increase the storage capacity in machine, make full use of automatic equipments and improve the dispensing efficiency.
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OBJECTIVE:To optimize the drug storage position management in automatic dispensing machine,and improve the dispensing efficiency. METHODS:The orbital utilization rate of drugs in automatic dispensing machine was calculated,the opti-mum value of orbital utilization rate was set up to adjust the drug varieties and numbers of storage tracks for continually optimizing the storage position management. Dispensing rates of automatic dispensing machines and real-time dispensing windows with fully automated deployment before (Mar.-Jun. 2016) and after (Jul.-Oct. 2016) optimization were statistically analyzed and compared. RESULTS:The optimum value of orbital utilization rate was set up as 67%. Drugs more than the value were increased the num-bers of storage tracks,while drugs less than the value was decreased the numbers of storage tracks or removed out of dispensing machines. From Mar. to Oct. 2016,2 dispensing machines in our hospital adjusted 75 varieties and 127 orbits in total,storage num-bers was increased by 158 boxes. Compared with before optimization (Mar.),dispensing rate of automatic dispensing machines was increased from 73.7% to 81.3% after optimization(Oct.),dispensing rate of real-time dispensing window was increased from 39.8% to 51.8%(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Applying the orbital utilization rate algorithm for adjusting drug variety and track number in machine can effectively and continually optimize the drug storage position,increase the storage capacity in machine, make full use of automatic equipments and improve the dispensing efficiency.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for better carrying out safe medication intervention for the empty-nest elderly.METHODS:Two communities with different levels of income and culture were collected from Pudong New District of Shanghai,i.e.new community A and traditional community B.By cluster sampling,69 and 110 empty-nest elderly were selected as respondents respectively.The questionnaire survey about drug storage and medication habits of the elderly was conducted.The data of the survey were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:A total of 69 and 110 questionnaires were sent out,and 44 and 63 questionnaires were recovered with effective recovery rate of 63.8％ and 57.3％,respectively.The rate of drug storage in families from traditional community B was higher than new community A (100％ vs.88.6％,P=0.010).The proportions of residents in two communities storing their drugs in special drawers were the highest (59.0％ and 57.1％).Nearly half of the surveyed households in 2 communities did not form the habit of regularly clearing stored drugs.The frequency of residents who cleared stored drugs in traditional community B was higher than those in new community A (P=0.009).Nearly more than 70％ of the residents threw their expired drugs to garbage and only 11％ to drug stores or community health service center.The proportion of residents who were used to reading drug instructions in new community A was higher than traditional community B (95.5％ vs.77.8％,P=0.024).The proportion of the residents consulted community doctors when they were puzzled by drug use in new community A was lower than traditional community B (56.8％ vs.76.2％);The proportion of the residents consulted physicians in major hospitals was higher than traditional community B (34.1％ vs.9.5 ％);there was statistical significance (P=0.034).The most popular health service for the residents in the new community A was the hotline for the drug use (65.9％),while the residents in traditional community B needed blood pressure and sugar monitoring service and set up the health records (41.3％).The proportion of the residents' following demands in new community A was higher than traditional community B:opening drug use hotline,publicizing the knowledge of diseases and medication and conducting lectures (P＜0.001,P=0.006,P=0.018).CONCLUSIONS:The proportion of drug storage in empty-nest families of two communities is in very high level,but drug storage methods,cleaning frequency are not satisfactory.There are still a small number of elderly people who do not have the habit of reading drug instructions.There are some differences between the old and new communities.At the same time,the needs of health services in new and old communities are different.
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OBJECTIVE:To guarantee the reliability of cold chain drug storage device and the quality of the drugs in the hospi-tal. METHODS:The establishment and effects of drug cold chain monitoring platform in our hospital were introduced as well as re-lated improvement and measures. RESULTS:The cold chain monitoring platform was established in our hospital through equipping with related equipment, constructing platform network, determining monitoring point, setting early warning condition, etc. All-weather and real-time monitoring of temperature and humidity were realized for different districts of the hospital and different cold chain equipments. The platform could provide the information about operating condition of equipment,and complete drug re-frigeration temperature record;equipment failure could be dissolved in time based on early warning message. Through analyzing rea-sons of early warning message,the unqualified equipment was updated in time,which further improve the system and procedure of cold chain monitoring platform. Within 2 years after the implementation of the platform,53 sets of special refrigerator for drug were updated. Monthly early warning message and the rate of refrigeration equipment early warning decreased from 6869 and 100% in Sept. 2014 at the early stage of short message warning function to 1083 and 40% in Feb. 2016,respectively. CONCLU-SIONS:The establishment of drug cold chain monitoring platform guarantees the reliability of cold drug storage condition so as to ensure the quality of drug in the hospital.
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Este trabalho se propõe a utilizar processos, técnicas e tecnologias da área de tecnologia da informação, bem como de administração de empresas, para propiciar a redução do estoque mobilizado e otimizar a gestão de materiais e medicamentos do Hospital do Subúrbio. Efetuaram-se estudos para identificar problemas e fraquezas do gerenciamento de estoque,identificar as causas raízes desses problemas, e definir estratégias de melhoria. Recursos de Business Process Managemente Business Intelligence foram utilizados para o mapeamento dos processos e análise de indicadores com o intuito de utilizar determinadas premissas da filosofia Just In Time e reduzir o estoque de materiais e medicamentos. Como resultado, houve a redução das perdas, do estoque excedente e dos pedidos urgentes, além da melhor estruturação do setor de suprimentos.
This work proposes to use processes, techniques and technologies in the area of information technology as wellas business administration companies, to provide the reduction of fixed assets inventory and optimize the management of materials and medicines of the "Hospital do Subúrbio". Business Process Management and Business Intelligence resources were used for process mapping and analysis of indicators with the aim of applying certain assumptions of just in time philosophyand reduce the stock of materials and medicines. As a result, there was a reduction of losses, surplus stock and urgent orders, in addition to better structure the supply sector.
Subject(s)
Humans , Biomedical Technology , Equipment and Supplies , Materials Management, Hospital , Congresses as Topic , Drug StorageABSTRACT
This is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study in which 214 nursing students from the University of Barcelona participated, in order to examine and assess the state and management of their household medicine chests. A semi-structured questionnaire specifically prepared for the study was used to collect data. The results showed that only 18.2% of the medicine chests examined contained all the recommended dressing materials and medicines. Inspection frequency was less than 12 months in 66.4% of the cases. A high percentage of the nursing students' homes stored medications in unsuitable locations and held on to them beyond their expiration dates or without their package. In contrast, knowledge about the use of the medications and the habit of recycling was better. Carrying out an analysis of their own medicine chest can help nursing students improve their competences in this area.
Estudo descritivo e transversal, no qual participaram 214 estudantes de enfermagem da Universidade de Barcelona com o objetivo de analisar e avaliar o estado e a gestão das caixas de primeiros socorros de suas casas. Um questionário semi-estruturado foi utilizado para coleta de dados. Os resultados mostram que apenas 18,2% dos kits examinados tinham todos os materiais de curativos e medicamentos recomendados. A frequência de revisão é inferior a doze meses em 66,4 % dos casos. Uma elevada porcentagem de residências familiares de estudantes de enfermagem continuvam mantendo os medicamentos armazenados em locais inadequados e vencidos, e fora de sua embalagem. Entretanto, se observou melhor conhecimento do uso dos medicamentos e do hábito de reciclagem. Realizar esta análise em sua própia caixa de primeiros socorros pode ajudar estudantes de enfermagem a melhorar suas habilidades sobre o tema.
Estudio observacional descriptivo y transversal en el que participaron 214 estudiantes de Enfermería de la Universidad de Barcelona con el objetivo de analizar y valorar el estado y la gestión de sus propios botiquines domésticos. Para la recogida de datos se utilizó un cuestionario semiestructurado de elaboración propia. Los resultados mostraron que solo el 18,2% de los botiquines examinados tenían todos los materiales de curas y medicamentos recomendados. La periodicidad de revisión fue inferior a 12 meses en un 66,4% de los casos. Un elevado porcentaje de los hogares de los estudiantes de enfermería seguían guardando los medicamentos en lugares inadecuados y los almacenan caducados y fuera de su envase. En contraste, el conocimiento del uso de los medicamentos y el hábito de reciclaje fue mejor. Realizar un análisis sobre su propio botiquín podría ayudar a los estudiantes de enfermería a mejorar sus competencias sobre el tema.