YULINK regulates vascular formation in zebrafish and HUVECs

BACKGROUND: The distinct arterial and venous cell fates are dictated by a combination of various genetic factors which form diverse types of blood vessels such as arteries, veins, and capillaries. We report here that YULINK protein is involved in vasculogenesis, especially venous formation. METHODS: In this manuscript, we employed gene knockdown, yeast two-hybrid, FLIM-FRET, immunoprecipitation, and various imaging technologies to investigate the role of YULINK gene in zebrafish and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS: Knockdown of YULINK during the arterial-venous developmental stage of zebrafish embryos led to the defective venous formation and abnormal vascular plexus formation. Knockdown of YULINK in HUVECs impaired their ability to undergo cell migration and differentiation into a capillary-like tube formation. In addition, the phosphorylated EPHB4 was decreased in YULINK knockdown HUVECs. Yeast two-hybrid, FLIM-FRET, immunoprecipitation, as well as imaging technologies showed that YULINK colocalized with endosome related proteins (EPS15, RAB33B or TICAM2) and markers (Clathrin and RHOB). VEGF-induced VEGFR2 internalization was also compromised in YULINK knockdown HUVECs, demonstrating to the involvement of YULINK. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that YULINK regulates vasculogenesis, possibly through endocytosis in zebrafish and HUVECs. Key points Knockdown of YULINK with morpholino in embryos of double transgenic zebrafish exhibited abnormal venous formation. Tube formation and phosphorylated EPHB4 were decreased in YULINK knockdown HUVECs. FLIM-FRET, immunoprecipitation, as well as other imaging technologies showed that YULINK colocalized with endosome related proteins (EPS15, RAB33B and TICAM2) and endosome markers (Clathrin and RHOB). Knockdown of YULINK decreased the internalization of VEGF and VEGFR2 in HUVECs.

Bilineage embryo-like structure from EPS cells can produce live mice with tetraploid trophectoderm

Self-organized blastoids from extended pluripotent stem (EPS) cells possess enormous potential for investigating postimplantation embryo development and related diseases. However, the limited ability of postimplantation development of EPS-blastoids hinders its further application. In this study, single-cell transcriptomic analysis indicated that the "trophectoderm (TE)-like structure" of EPS-blastoids was primarily composed of primitive endoderm (PrE)-related cells instead of TE-related cells. We further identified PrE-like cells in EPS cell culture that contribute to the blastoid formation with TE-like structure. Inhibition of PrE cell differentiation by inhibiting MEK signaling or knockout of Gata6 in EPS cells markedly suppressed EPS-blastoid formation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that blastocyst-like structures reconstituted by combining the EPS-derived bilineage embryo-like structure (BLES) with either tetraploid embryos or tetraploid TE cells could implant normally and develop into live fetuses. In summary, our study reveals that TE improvement is critical for constructing a functional embryo using stem cells in vitro.

The effects of yogurt consumption on immune function in university male track and field athletes -A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study- / 体力科学

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ingesting yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (OLL1073R-1) on the immune function of healthy university men track and field athletes. Study design Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. A total of 37 track and field athletes aged ≥18 years were randomly assigned into two groups. For 2 weeks, two bottles of yogurt fermented with OLL1073R-1 and Streptococcus thermophilus OLS3059 or placebo sour milk were ingested daily to the participants. During the intake period, a 1-week training camp was held and participants were subjected to strenuous exercise. Natural killer (NK) cell activity, which is the primary endpoint, was significantly lower in the placebo group after ingestion than that at baseline; however, it remained unchanged during the pre-exercise level of the yogurt group. The two-way repeated measures analysis of variance showed an interaction effect in the NK cell activity change (P=0.018) and a significant difference between the groups after the 2-week ingestion (P=0.015). Among the secondary endpoints, cytokines and chemokines levels involved in activating innate immunity maintained or enhanced only in the yogurt group. ALT, LDH, and CK significantly elevated only in the placebo group. Furthermore, amino acid levels were significantly lower in the placebo group after ingestion than that at baseline; however, it remained unchanged during the pre-exercise level in the yogurt group. Consuming yogurt fermented with OLL1073R-1 prevents the decline in immune function associated with strenuous exercise. Additionally, the yogurt may contribute to stable physical condition.

Potências e desafios na prática de apoio institucional e educação permanente em saúde: experiências em uma região de saúde do estado de São Paulo / Powers and challenges in the practice of institutional support and permanent health education: experiences in a health region in the state of São Paulo

Introdução: O Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) possui uma rede de atenção cuja Atenção Básica (AB) é o ponto fundamental para ordenar os serviços e coordenar o cuidado. A fim de enfrentar os desafios de implementação do SUS e da AB, o Ministério da Saúde (MS) construiu políticas públicas como diretrizes para a gestão dos serviços e o cuidado. Uma delas é a Política Nacional de Humanização (PNH), que propõe o Apoio Institucional (AI) enquanto um dispositivo de intervenção transformador das práticas, a partir de um "modo de fazer", articulando as unidades da rede de saúde e valorizando o diálogo com as equipes. Uma outra política que se articula a essa é a Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde (PNEPS), constituindo-se enquanto estratégia para o desenvolvimento das relações e mudança das práticas nos serviços de saúde. No entanto, essas políticas propõem práticas que divergem dos modos tradicionais de se operar junto às equipes e requerem estratégias de acompanhamento do trabalho em saúde que favoreçam processos analíticos voltados para os usuários e suas necessidades de saúde. Há que se produzir dispositivos e práticas para o AI e a Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS). Desta forma, temos como questão norteadora desta pesquisa: Quais ações têm sido realizadas pelas apoiadoras institucionais do Departamento Regional de Saúde (DRS) de Araraquara para a implementação dessas políticas? Quais facilidades e/ou dificuldades encontradas por estas atoras para exercer suas funções junto às equipes? Objetivo: O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é analisar as ações desenvolvidas pelas profissionais que compõem o quadro de apoiadora de humanização e articuladora de EPS, buscando identificar aspectos (des)favoráveis (potências e desafios) encontrados por estas atoras para o exercício de suas funções. Percurso Metodológico: Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, articulado a um projeto de pesquisa finalizado em 2018, intitulado: "Apoio Institucional e Educação Permanente em Saúde em uma Região de Saúde do interior de São Paulo: uma pesquisa intervenção" (Processo FAPESP N° 2016/15199-5). A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em Araraquara e contou com a participação de 35 profissionais, mediante assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) - Protocolo nº CAEE - 68438217.8.0000.5393. As participantes deste estudo foram as apoiadoras de humanização e as articuladoras de EPS, indicadas pelos gestores municipais e que atuam junto às equipes de saúde da atenção básica dos 24 municípios pertencentes ao DRS III. Para a produção dos dados foram utilizados dois encontros de análise de práticas, gravados em mídia digital, com média de duas horas de duração, e transcritos na íntegra. Estes dados foram sistematizados e codificados automaticamente através do Software: NVivo. O referencial teórico está pautado em autores do campo da saúde coletiva, convergentes com as políticas públicas de saúde que embasam este estudo: a PNH e a PNEPS. Resultados: Na análise dos dados foram identificados dois grandes eixos: As ações desenvolvidas pelas apoiadoras e articuladoras (ações em prol da organização da rede de atenção, ações educativas e ações diagnósticas que norteiam o trabalho); Os aspectos que facilitam (apoio da gestão; o conhecimento e as experiências para a superação das dificuldades encontradas) ou que dificultam (a categoria profissional, os conflitos, realizar reuniões de equipe, despreparo para lidar com grupo, entender o seu papel e o sentimento de estar sozinho) ao realizarem suas funções com as equipes. Considerações Finais: O presente estudo teve o propósito de contribuir para o aprimoramento de práticas que qualifiquem o cuidado e o SUS, por meio do apoio institucional e de ações de EPS, tendo a PNH e a PNEPS como pilares de sustentação para o exercício destas funções. As ações para a organização da rede assistencial dos municípios e de atualização dos profissionais são exercidas pelas apoiadoras institucionais. Há dificuldades na lida com conflitos e na intermediação com a gestão. O AI em conjunto com a EPS revelaram-se como importantes ferramentas para integrar as equipes de saúde e a gestão, por facilitarem a troca de práticas e saberes. Somado a isso, os encontros de análise de práticas se mostraram como outra potente ferramenta de trabalho mobilizadora de mudanças nos diversos contextos. Entendemos que a análise e divulgação de práticas concretas contribui para o avanço de debates e reflexões quanto aos modos de produzir saúde no âmbito do SUS

Introduction: The Unified Health System (UHS) has a care network whose Primary Health Care (PHC) is the fundamental point to order services and coordinate care. In order to face the challenges of implementing UHS and PHC, the Ministry of Health (MH) built public policies as guidelines for the management of services and care. One of them is the National Humanization Policy (NHP), which proposes Institutional Support (IS) as an intervention device that transforms practices, based on a "way of doing", articulating the units of the health network and valuing dialogue with the teams. Another policy that is linked to this is the National Policy on Permanent Education in Health (NPPEH), which constitutes a strategy for the development of relationships and changes in practices in health services. However, these policies propose practices that diverge from the traditional ways of operating with teams and require strategies for monitoring health work that favor analytical processes aimed at users and their health needs. Devices and practices for IS and Permanent Health Education (PHE) must be produced. Thus, the guiding question of this research is: What actions have been taken by institutional supporters of the Regional Department of Health (RDH) of Araraquara for the implementation of these policies? What facilities and/or difficulties did these actors find to exercise their functions with the teams? Objective: The general objective of this research is to analyze the actions developed by the professionals who make up the framework of supporters of humanization and articulators of PHE, seeking to identify (un)favorable aspects (powers and challenges) found by these actors for the exercise of their functions. Methodological Path: This is a study with a qualitative approach, articulated with a research project completed in 2018, entitled: "Institutional Support and Permanent Health Education in a Health Region in the interior of São Paulo: an intervention research" (Process FAPESP No. 2016/15199-5). The research was carried out in Araraquara and had the participation of 35 professionals, who signed the Informed Consent Term - Protocol CAEE 68438217.8.0000.5393. The participants of this study were the supporters of humanization and the articulators of PHE, indicated by the municipal managers and who work with the primary care health teams in the 24 municipalities belonging to the RDH III. For the production of data, two meetings of analysis of practices were used, recorded in digital media, with an average duration of two hours, and transcribed in full. These data were systematized and coded automatically through the Software: NVivo. The theoretical framework is based on authors from the field of collective health, converging with the public health policies that support this study: the NHP and the NPPEH. Results: In the data analysis, two main axes were identified: The actions developed by the supporters and articulators (actions in favor of the organization of the care network, educational actions and diagnostic actions that guide the work); Aspects that facilitate (management support; knowledge and experiences to overcome the difficulties encountered) or that make it difficult (professional category, conflicts, holding team meetings, unpreparedness to deal with a group, understanding their role and feeling of being alone) when carrying out their duties with the teams. Final Considerations: This study aimed to contribute to the improvement of practices that qualify care and the UHS, through institutional support and PHE actions, with the NHP and NPPEH as supporting pillars for the exercise of these functions. Actions for the organization of the healthcare network in the municipalities and for the updating of professionals are carried out by institutional supporters. There are difficulties in dealing with conflicts and in intermediating with management. The IS together with the PHE proved to be important tools to integrate the health and management teams, as they facilitate the exchange of practices and knowledge. Added to this, the practice analysis meetings proved to be another powerful work tool that mobilized changes in different contexts. We understand that the analysis and dissemination of concrete practices contributes to the advancement of debates and reflections on ways to produce health within the scope of the UHS

Molecular mechanisms of tobacco induced oral and oropharyngeal cancer: Results of a tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry-based study from a tertiary cancer center in India

Background: It is well established that chronic exposure to tobacco induces head and neck cancers but the exact etiopathogenesis is not known. Though studies have shown expression of TIMP1, EPS8 and AXL in cancers, their role in tobacco-induced cancers is not known. We aimed this study to evaluate the role of these molecules in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers (SCC). Materials and Methods: In this single institutional study, 31 patients of oral and oropharyngeal SCC with history of chewing tobacco were included. Smokers were excluded from the study. After informed consent biopsies were taken from affected and contralateral normal mucosa. Paraffin blocks were made and tissue microarray (TMA) were constructed using these blocks. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for TIMP1, EPS8, AXL kinase was carried out on these tissue microarrays. The intensity of staining was scored from 0 to 3+, related to expression of each of the three molecules. Results: The expression of TIMP1, EPS8 and AXL kinase was significantly more in the cancerous mucosa versus non-cancerous mucosa (P = 0.000 in all three) in oral and oropharyngeal SCC exposed to chewing tobacco. Conclusion: Immunohistochemical expression of these molecular markers in oral and oropharyngeal SCC correlated with their molecular based studies. Significant IHC expression of TIMP1, EPS8 and AXL establishes their role in the pathogenesis of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Novel targeted therapies may be researched that can detect and target these molecules at an earlier stage of pathogenesis of these tumors.

Mortalidad materna en el departamento de Cauca, un estudio en el régimen subsidiado / Maternal mortality in the state of Cauca: a study in the subsidized system / Mortalidade materna no departamento do Cauca, um estudo no regime subsidiado

Resumen Objetivo: Describir algunas características epidemiológicas y del registro de las muertes maternas presentadas en la población afiliada a una empresa prestadora de servicios de salud del régimen subsidiado, en el departamento de Cauca (Colombia). Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se realizó análisis univariado para la caracterización de las muertes, mapeo para la ubicación espacial y presentación gráfica sobre el número de casos por año. Se incluyó análisis bivariado con U de Mann-Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis. Se evaluó la concordancia en los registros mediante el estadístico Kappa. Resultados: Se presentaron 34 muertes maternas entre los años 2009 y 2014, con una razón de mortalidad materna de 193, 141, 231, 67 y 110 muertes por cada 100 000 nacidos vivos, para el periodo 2010-2014. Los casos ocurrieron en mujeres que en su mayoría residían en área rural dispersa (67,6 %), tenían nivel educativo bajo (63,3 %), eran amas de casa (73,5 %) y no asistieron o asistieron tardíamente al control prenatal (67,7 %). Se identificó pobre concordancia entre los documentos institucionales y los reportes al Sistema de Vigilancia en Salud Pública colombiano (K= -0,0282, p= 0,8116). Conclusiones : Las muertes maternas presentadas en la entidad en el periodo de estudio y que tuvieron un perfil enmarcando en condiciones de riesgo, en su mayoría eran prevenibles. A pesar de que la entidad utilizó una estrategia para identificar demoras o retrasos en tres aspectos de cada caso de mortalidad materna, se requiere que dicha evaluación se cumpla para todos los eventos, acompañada de registros completos que faciliten los procesos de seguimiento.

Abstract Objective: To describe epidemiological characteristics, as well as maternal deaths registration characteristics in the population registered in a subsidized healthcare service provider in the state of Cauca (Colombia). Methodology: Descriptive, retrospective study. Univariate analysis was performed for the characterization of deaths, a mapping of their spatial location, and a graphical presentation of the number of deaths per year. Bivariate analysis with the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test was also implemented. The concordance in records was assessed using Cohen's Kappa coefficient. Results: There were 34 maternal deaths between 2009 and 2014, with a rate of maternal mortality of 193, 141, 231, 67 and 110 deaths per 100,000 live births for the period from 2010 to 2014. The incidents occurred in women who mostly resided in scattered rural areas (67.6 %), had a low level of education (63.3 %), were housewives (73.5 %) and did not attend antenatal care or did it lately (67.7 %). Poor concordance was identified between institutional documents and reports to the Colombian Public Health Surveillance System (K = -0.0282, p = 0.8116). Conclusions: The maternal deaths compiled from the entity information system during the study and which had a profile linked to risky conditions were, in most cases, preventable. Although the entity used a strategy to identify delays in three aspects of each maternal mortality case, this assessment is to be completed for all events, accompanied by complete records to facilitate follow-up processes.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever algumas características epidemiológicas e o cadastro de óbitos maternos apresentados na população afiliada a uma empresa prestadora de serviços de saúde do regime subsidiado "SISBEN", no departamento do Cauca (Colômbia). Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo. Foi realizada uma análise univariada para caracterização dos óbitos, mapeamento para localização espacial e apresentação gráfica do número de casos por ano. A análise bivariada com Mann-Whitney U e Kruskal-Wallis foi incluída. A concordância nos cadastros foi avaliada pela estatística Kappa. Resultados: Houve 34 óbitos maternos entre 2009 e 2014, com uma taxa de mortalidade materna de 193, 141, 231, 67 e 110 óbitos por 100.000 nascidos vivos, no período 2010-2014. Os casos ocorreram em mulheres que residem principalmente em área rural dispersa (67,6%), com baixa escolaridade (63,3%), eram donas de casa (73,5%) e não compareciam ou compareciam tardiamente ao controle pré-natal (67,7%). Foi identificada ínfima concordância entre documentos institucionais e relatórios para o Sistema de Vigilância em Saúde Pública da Colômbia (K = -0,0282, p = 0,8116). Conclusões: Os óbitos maternos apresentados na entidade durante o período do estudo e com perfil emoldurado em condições de risco eram principalmente evitáveis. Embora a entidade tenha utilizado uma estratégia para identificar atrasos ou atrasos em três aspectos de cada caso de mortalidade materna, é necessário que essa avaliação seja realizada para todos os eventos, acompanhada de cadastros completos que facilitem os processos de acompanhamento.

Rapid generation of gene-targeted EPS-derived mouse models through tetraploid complementation

One major strategy to generate genetically modified mouse models is gene targeting in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, which is used to produce gene-targeted mice for wide applications in biomedicine. However, a major bottleneck in this approach is that the robustness of germline transmission of gene-targeted ES cells can be significantly reduced by their genetic and epigenetic instability after long-term culturing, which impairs the efficiency and robustness of mouse model generation. Recently, we have established a new type of pluripotent cells termed extended pluripotent stem (EPS) cells, which have superior developmental potency and robust germline competence compared to conventional mouse ES cells. In this study, we demonstrate that mouse EPS cells well maintain developmental potency and genetic stability after long-term passage. Based on gene targeting in mouse EPS cells, we established a new approach to directly and rapidly generate gene-targeted mouse models through tetraploid complementation, which could be accomplished in approximately 2 months. Importantly, using this approach, we successfully constructed mouse models in which the human interleukin 3 (IL3) or interleukin 6 (IL6) gene was knocked into its corresponding locus in the mouse genome. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using mouse EPS cells to rapidly generate mouse models by gene targeting, which have great application potential in biomedical research.

Inhibition of Nitzschia ovalis biofilm settlement by a bacterial bioactive compound through alteration of EPS and epiphytic bacteria

Background: Marine ecosystems contain benthic microalgae and bacterial species that are capable of secreting extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), suggesting that settlement of these microorganisms can occur on submerged surfaces, a key part of the first stage of biofouling. Currently, anti-fouling treatments that help control this phenomenon involve the use of biocides or antifouling paints that contain heavy metals, which over a long period of exposure can spread to the environment. The bacterium Alteromonas sp. Ni1-LEM has an inhibitory effect on the adhesion of Nitzschia ovalis, an abundant diatom found on submerged surfaces. Results: We evaluated the effect of the bioactive compound secreted by this bacterium on the EPS of biofilms and associated epiphytic bacteria. Three methods of EPS extraction were evaluated to determine the most appropriate and efficient methodology based on the presence of soluble EPS and the total protein and carbohydrate concentrations. Microalgae were cultured with the bacterial compound to evaluate its effect on EPS secretion and variations in its protein and carbohydrate concentrations. An effect of the bacterial supernatant on EPS was observed by assessing biofilm formation and changes in the concentration of proteins and carbohydrates present in the biofilm. Conclusions: These results indicate that a possible mechanism for regulating biofouling could be through alteration of biofilm EPS and alteration of the epiphytic bacterial community associated with the microalga.

The exopolysaccharides biosynthesis by Candida yeast depends on carbon sources

Background: The exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by yeast exhibit physico-chemical and rheological properties, which are useful in the production of food and in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries as well. The effect was investigated of selected carbon sources on the biosynthesis of EPS by Candida famata and Candida guilliermondii strains originally isolated from kefirs. Results: The biomass yields were dependent on carbon source (sucrose, maltose, lactose, glycerol, sorbitol) and ranged from 4.13 to 7.15 g/L. The highest biomass yield was reported for C. guilliermondii after cultivation on maltose. The maximum specific productivity of EPS during cultivation on maltose was 0.505 and 0.321 for C. guilliermondii and C. famata, respectively. The highest EPS yield was found for C. guilliermondii strain. The EPS produced under these conditions contained 65.4% and 61.5% carbohydrates, respectively. The specific growth rate (µ) of C. famata in medium containing EPS as a sole carbon source was 0.0068 h-1 and 0.0138 h-1 for C. guilliermondii strain. Conclusions: The most preferred carbon source in the synthesis of EPS for both Candida strains was maltose, wherein C. guilliermondii strain showed the higher yield of EPS biosynthesis. The carbon source affected the chemical composition of the resulting EPS and the contribution of carbohydrate in the precipitated preparation of polymers was higher during supplementation of maltose as compared to sucrose. It was also found that the EPS can be a source of carbon for the producing strains.

Estudio de opinión sobre preferencias de los pacientes en la escogencia entre la medicina tradicional y alternativa en la ciudad de Barranquilla / Opinion study on patient preferences in the choice between traditional and alternative medicine in the city of Barranquilla

El propósito de este artículo es determinar las diferentes opiniones que se exponen, objeto de este análisis, como es la preferencia del paciente a la hora de escoger entre un médico alternativo y un médico alopático en la ciudad de Barranquilla. Para este proceso se decidió aplicar una investigación cuantitativa donde el instrumento de evaluación son varios tipos de encuestas de profundidad a usuarios, médicos y farmacias; donde se evalúa en una muestra de individuos y sector de una población. Su finalidad es obtener la información y analizarla para su mejor comprensión, de manera que pueda utilizarse eficazmente para conocer la opinión de las personas a la hora de elegir entre la medicina tradicional llamada también alopática y la alternativa denominada natural, para la consecución del artículo.

Selection of superior bifidobacteria in the presence of rotavirus

The main purpose of this study was to investigate bifidobacteria flora in fecal samples from children with rotavirus infection and determine the significance of their selected probiotic properties for improvement of health status. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to identify rotavirus antigen in fecal samples from 94 patients with gastroenteritis and from 30 without gastroenteritis. Bifidobacteria were identified by selective media, gram reaction, colony morphology, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase enzyme activity and classical identification tests. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) production was identified by phenol-sulphuric acid method. The modified method was then used to identify the quantity of taurocholic and glycocholic acid deconjugation and cholesterol elimination of the strains. Thirty-five of the 94 fecal samples were found positive for rotavirus antigen (37.23%). Bifidobacteria were identified in 59 of the samples. The EPS production ranges were 29.56-102.21 mg/L. The cholesterol elimination rates ranged between 8.36-39.22%. Furthermore, a positive and strong correlation was determined between EPS production and the presence of cholesterol (r=0.984, P<0.001). The deconjugation rates for the sodium glycocholate group was higher than the sodium taurocholate group. Rotavirus (+) bifidobacteria strains had higher EPS production, deconjugation rate and cholesterol elimination compared to bifidobacteria strains isolated from children in the rotavirus (-) sample and without gastroenteritis. Significant differences were observed among groups in all parameters (P<0.05). Given the increased number of rotavirus cases in Turkey and worldwide, it is very important to add superior bifidobacteria in the diets of infected children to improve the intestinal and vital functions.

The influences of three methods on determination of salivary alpha-amylase activity and its activity ratio from the saliva before and after citric acid stimulation / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To compare the differences of salivary alpha(α) amylase (sAA) activity and its activity ratio from the sali‐va before and after citric acid stimulation and approach the correlations among sAA activity determined by the methods of iodine‐starch ,Bernfeld and EPS‐G7 velocity respectively .Methods Ten saliva samples were collected from five healthy volunteers before and after citric acid stimulation .Their activities were determined three times by the three methods ,and the variation coefficient (CV) of sAA activity and activity ratio were calculated .Moreover ,correlation among sAA activities determined by the three meth‐ods were analyzed .Results The significant differences (P 0 .05) in sAA activities ratio and its CV ;Significant correlation was found between sAA activity determined by random two of three methods(P < 0 .05) ,and their correlation coefficients were above 0 .96 .Conclusion The sAA activity data determined by three methods could be transformed each other by regression equation ,and determined precision by the method of EPS‐G7 velocity is highest ,and data processing method of sAA activity ratio could decrease differences among CV from three methods .

Influences of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) for autoaggregation of Pseudomonas putida CP1 during growth on mono-chlorophenol

Aims: Pseudomonas putida CP1 exhibits substrate-dependent autoaggregation during the degradation of 100 ppm 2- chlorophenol, 100 ppm 3-chlorophenol and 200 ppm 4-chlorophenol. This study discussed the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by the organism for the formation of aggregates. Methodology and results: Aggregation was accompanied by the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The extent of EPS production and the size of the aggregates increased with increasing stress as did the aggregation index and the hydrophobicity of the cells. A biochemical analysis of the EPS showed that the main constituents were carbohydrate (40% w/v) and protein (50% w/v) together with lower levels of DNA (<10% w/v). Conclusion, significance and impact study: Given that the aggregated form of the bacterium has shown potential for use in bioaugmentation, an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon could enhance the use of this organism in biological wastewater treatment systems.

Quick stimulation of Alcanivorax sp. by bioemulsificant EPS2003 on microcosm oil spill simulation

Oil spill microcosms experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of bioemulsificant exopolysaccharide (EPS2003) on quick stimulation of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. Early hours of oil spill, were stimulated using an experimental seawater microcosm, supplemented with crude oil and EPS2003 (SW+OIL+EPS2003); this system was monitored for 2 days and compared to control microcosm (only oil-polluted seawater, SW+OIL). Determination of bacterial abundance, heterotrophic cultivable and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were carried out. Community composition of marine bacterioplankton was determined by 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Data obtained indicated that bioemulsificant addition stimulated an increase of total bacterial abundance and, in particular, selection of bacteria related to Alcanivorax genus; confirming that EPS2003 could be used for the dispersion of oil slicks and could stimulate the selection of marine hydrocarbon degraders thus increasing bioremediation process.

Percepción de la educación sanitaria recibida por el paciente diabético amputado / Perception of health education delivered to amputated diabetic patients

Resumen:

Objetivo: las úlceras del pie diabético preceden aproximadamente al 85% de las amputaciones. Su manejo debe consistir en un abordaje multidisciplinar cuyo eje central sea la prevención, así como valorar la percepción por parte del paciente diabético amputado sobre la educación para la salud (EPS) impartida por profesionales enfermeros, estableciendo la pertinencia de estrategias sanitarias educacionales dirigidas al paciente diabético amputado. Método: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y transversal en pacientes diabéticos que sufrieron amputación, con úlceras vasculares previas, ingresados en una unidad de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular, obteniendo la información mediante un cuestionario. Resultados: participaron en el estudio 111 pacientes (59,61% varones, 40,39% mujeres), con una edad media de 74,35 años. Solamente el 40,35% refiere haber recibido información de los profesionales enfermeros sobre cuidados de enfermería asociados a la amputación. El 88,18% cree importante que impartan EPS.

Conclusiones: consideramos importante crear programas formativos y educacionales liderados por enfermería, siendo la EPS una herramienta terapéutica imprescindible demandada por el paciente.

Abstract:

Purpose: A history of previous diabetic foot ulcers is found in about 85% of amputees. Diabetic foot ulcers management must include a multidisciplinary approach, which must be centered around prevention, as well as an evaluation of diabetic amputee perception on health education provided by nursing staff, so that relevant health care educational strategies specifically targeted to diabetic amputees can be developed. Method: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out in diabetic patients with a history of amputation and previous vascular ulcers, admitted to a Vascular Surgery and Angiology Unit. Data were obtained by means of a questionnaire. Results: A total of 111 patients were enrolled (59.61% male, 40.39% women), mean age was 74.35 years. Only 40.35% of patients stated they had received information from nursing staff regarding nursing care related to amputation. Health care education was considered important by 88.18% of patients. Conclusions: We feel educational programs ruled by nurses are important as a therapeutic tool for a healthcare education that our patients need and request.

Objetivo: Úlceras de o pé diabético preceder cerca de 85% das amputações. A gestão debe ser uma abordagem multidisciplinar cujo eixo central é a prevenção e, avaliar a percepção do paciente do diabético amputado a educação em saúde (ES) ministrada por profissionais enfermeiros, que institui a relevância de estratégias de educação em saúde visando diabético amputado. Método: foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, transversal em pacientes diabéticos que sofreram amputação, com úlceras vasculares prévios, admitiu a nossa unidade de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular. Obtenção de informações por meio de um questionário. Resultados: participaram do estudo 111 pacientes (59,61% do sexo masculino, 40,39% do sexo feminino), com média de idade de 74,35 anos. Apenas 40,35% relataram ter recebido informações de enfermeiros profissionais sobre os cuidados de enfermagem relacionados com a amputação. A% 88,18 acreditar que conferem ES importantes. Conclusão: Consideramos que é importante criar programas de treinamento e educação liderados por enfermagem, sendo a educação em saúde a ferramenta terapêutica processada pelo paciente.

Production and characterization of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from biofilm forming marine bacterium

Marine water was used for the biofilm forming bacterial isolation. A biofilm forming device was made by using PVC pipes with sterile glass slides. Five morphologically different bacteria were isolated from the scrapping of glass slides from the device after a month period of time. The efficiency of EPS production was checked for all the isolates. Using scanning electron microscope (SEM), the morphology of microbial cells and colonies was studied. The maximum EPS was produced by the strain B3, which was analyzed and characterized by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra. B3 EPS displayed a strong absorption band of - OH at 3415.31 cm-1 and COOH at 1631.48 cm-1 showing it to be polysaccharide.

Criterios o elementos determinantes de la libre escogencia de EPS e IPS en Bogotá D. C. por parte de los usuarios del régimen contributivo / Critérios ou elementos determinantes da livre escolha de eps e ips em bogotá D.C. Pelos usuários do regime contributivo / Determining criteria for free choice of health promotion entities and health providing institutions (Eps and Ips in Spanish) in the users of the contributive regime of Bogota, Colombia

En el presente artículo se aborda el análisis de la problemática del Sistema de Seguridad Social en Salud, centrándose en la problemática que se desprende de las relaciones del sistema con sus usuarios, aspecto éste que ha permanecido desatendido en los estudios y en los análisis sobre el tema. En particular se analizan los criterios y los aspectos determinantes que definen la elección de EPS (Entidades Promotoras de Salud) e IPS (Instituciones Prestadores de Servicios de Salud) por parte de los usuarios del régimen contributivo en la ciudad de Bogotá, prestando particular atención al ejercicio de la libre elección y la toma de decisiones informadas. El análisis de los resultados cualitativos y cuantitativos permite concluir que la información relevante disponible y el ejercicio de la libre elección son limitados.

This paper presents the analysis of the problems in Social Security and Health System due to the relations of the system with its users; problems that have been neglected in the studies and in the analyses on this subject. The determining criteria and aspects that define the election of Health Promotion Entities (EPS) and health providing institutions (IPS ) by the users of Bogota are analyzed whereby free election and an informed decision are pointed out. The analysis of the qualitative and quantitative results allows concluding that the available information and the exercise of the free election are limited.

No presente artigo analisa-se o Sistema de Seguridade Social em saúde concentrando-se na problemática que surge a partir das relações do sistema com os seus usuários, aspecto que tem sido negligenciado nos estudos e nas análises sobre o assunto. Em particular analisam-se os critérios e aspectos determinantes que definem a escolha da EPS (Entidades Promotoras de Saúde) e IPS (Instituições Prestadoras de Serviços de Saúde) pelos usuários do regime contributivo na cidade de Bogotá, com especial atenção ao exercício da liberdade de escolha e a tomada de decisão informada. A análise dos resultados qualitativos e quantitativos permite chegar à conclusão de que as informações relevantes disponíveis e o exercício da livre escolha são limitados.

Comparison of Intramuscular Olanzapine and Intramuscular Haloperidol in Treatment of Acute Agitation in Patients of Schizophrenia.

Objectives: To determine the antipsychotic efficacy and extra pyramidal safety of intramuscular olanzapine and intramuscular haloperidol during the first 24 hours of treatment of acute agitation in schizophrenia. Methods: Patients (n = 29) with schizophrenia were randomly allocated to receive one to three injections of intramuscular olanzapine (10 mg, n =14), intramuscular haloperidol (10 mg, n = 14) over a 24-hour period. Agitation was measured with the excited component of the positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) and agitation behavior scale (ABS). Results: After the first injection, IM olanzapine was comparable to IM haloperidol for reducing mean changes in scores from baseline on excited component of PANSS at 2 hours to ( -13.08 olanzapine, -8.07 haloperidol ) and at 24 hours (-9.86 olanzapine, -8.07 haloperidol ). Mean changes in the scores of ABS scale from baseline was at 2 hours (-9.78 olanzapine, -8.54 haloperidol) and at 24 hours (-6.14 olanzapine, -6.6 haloperidol). Patients treated with IM olanzapine had significantly fewer incidence of treatment emergent Parkinsonism (0% olanzapine versus 6.66% haloperidol, p = 4.55), no patient had akathisia with olanzapine as compared to 13.33% of patients with haloperidol, p = 2.03. No patient developed acute dystonia compared to 6.66% of patients with haloperidol, p = 2.59. Conclusion: IM olanzapine was comparable to IM haloperidol in reduction of symptoms of acute agitation in schizophrenia during first 24 hours of treatment, the efficacy of both being evident within 2 hours after first injection. More Extra pyramidal symptoms were observed during treatment with IM haloperidol than with IM olanzapine.

Application of a bacterial extracellular polymeric substance in heavy metal adsorption in a co-contaminated aqueous system / Aplicação de uma substância polimerica extracelular bacteriana na absorção de metais pesados em um sistema aquoso co-contaminado

The application of a bacterial extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in the bioremediation of heavy metals (Cd, Zn and Cu) by a microbial consortium in a hydrocarbon co-contaminated aqueous system was studied. At the low concentrations used in this work (1.00 ppm of each metal), it was not observed an inhibitory effect on the cellular growing. In the other hand, the application of the EPS lead to a lower concentration of the free heavy metals in solution, once a great part of them is adsorbed in the polymeric matrix (87.12 percent of Cd; 19.82 percent of Zn; and 37.64 percent of Cu), when compared to what is adsorbed or internalized by biomass (5.35 percent of Cd; 47.35 percent of Zn; and 24.93 percent of Cu). It was noted an increase of 24 percent in the consumption of ethylbenzene, among the gasoline components that were quantified, in the small interval of time evaluated (30 hours). Our results suggest that, if the experiments were conducted in a larger interval of time, it would possibly be noted a higher effect in the degradation of gasoline compounds. Still, considering the low concentrations that were evaluated, it is possible that a real system could be bioremediated by natural attenuation process, demonstrated by the low effect of those levels of contaminants and co-contaminants over the naturally present microbial consortium.

A aplicação de uma substância polimérica extracelular (EPS) bacteriana na biorremediação de metais pesados (Cd, Zn e Cu) por um consórcio microbiano em um sistema aquoso co-contaminado com hidrocarbonetos foi estudada. Nas baixas concentrações usadas neste trabalho (1,00 ppm de cada metal), não foi observado um efeito inibitório no crescimento celular. Por outro lado, a aplicação da EPS bacteriana levou a uma menor concentração de metais livres em solução, uma vez que grande parte destes fica adsorvido na matriz polimérica (87,12 por cento de Cd; 19,82 por cento de Zn; e 37,64 por cento de Cu) quando comparado ao que é adsorvido ou interiorizado pela biomassa (5,35 por cento de Cd; 47,35 por cento de Zn; e 24,93 por cento de Cu). No pequeno intervalo de tempo avaliado (30 horas) e na baixa concentração de gasolina utilizada (0,1 por cento (v/v)), foi percebido um aumento de 24 por cento no consumo de etilbenzeno, entre os componentes da gasolina que foram quantificados. Nossos resultados sugerem que, se os experimentos fossem conduzidos em um intervalo de tempo maior, possivelmente poderia ter sido observado um maior efeito na degradação dos componentes da gasolina. Ainda, considerando as baixas concentrações avaliadas, é provável que um sistema real pudesse ser biorremediado pelo processo de atenuação natural, tendo em vista o baixo efeito desses níveis de contaminantes e co-contaminantes sobre o consórcio microbiano naturalmente presente.

Impact of Symptomology and Drug-induced Extrapyramidal Side Effects on Subjective Quality of Life for Schizophrenic Outpatients / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the subjective quality of life(SQOL)in schizophrenia outpatients and explore the relationships among symptomology,drug-induced extrapyramidal side effects(EPS)and SQOL.Methods198 eligible subjects were recruited and interviewed using standard instruments.Multiple linear regression with stepwise method was used.ResultsEPS was found to significantly predict physical SQOL domain while anxiety and positive symptoms predicted psychological,social and environmental SQOL domains,respectively.ConclusionSQOL of schizophrenia outpatients could be improved if their anxiety and positive symptoms and EPS are effectively controlled.