Análisis psicométrico de la escala breve de satisfacción con los estudios en universitarios / Psychometric analysis of the satisfaction with studies brief scale in college students / Análise psicométrica da escala breve de satisfação com estudos em universitarios

El objetivo del estudio fue obtener evidencias de validez de una medida breve de satisfacción con los estudios. Fueron evaluados 531 estudiantes de psicología peruanos (77.6% mujeres) con la Escala Breve de Satisfacción con los Estudios (EBSE) y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (ESV). Fueron evaluados tres modelos de medición (unifactorial, dos factores oblicuos, y bifactor) con un modelamiento exploratorio de ecuaciones estructurales (ESEM). La fiabilidad del constructo fue evaluada con el coeficiente omega. Los resultados mostraron que la estructura de dos factores (satisfacción con los estudios y satisfacción con la vida) recibió mayor respaldo, indicando a su vez que los ítems del EBSE corresponden a su factor teórico, y que la relación con la ESV es significativa. Por último, el coeficiente de fiabilidad fue adecuado. En conclusión, la EBSE presenta evidencias de validez favorables con respecto a su asociación con la ESV, y alta confiabilidad del constructo. (AU)

The aim was to obtain evidence of validity for a brief measure of satisfaction with studies. A total of 531 Peruvian Psychology students (77.6% women) were evaluated using the Satisfaction with Studies Brief Scale (SSBS) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was carried out for three measurement models (single factor, two oblique factors, and bifactor). The construct reliability was evaluated through the omega coefficient. The results show that the two-factor structure (satisfaction with studies and satisfaction with life) received more support, that the SSBS´s items correspond to their theoretical factors, and that its relationship with the SWLS was significant. An adequate reliability coefficient was obtained. In conclusion, the SSBS shows favorable validity evidence regarding its relationship with the SWLS, and a high level of construct reliability. (AU)

O objetivo do estudo foi obter evidências de validade de uma breve medida de satisfação com os estudos. 531 estudantes de psicologia peruanos (77,6% mulheres) foram avaliados com a Escala Breve de Satisfação com Estudos (EBSE) e a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida (ESV). Foram avaliados três modelos de medida (unifatorial, dois fatores oblíquos e bifator) com modelagem exploratória de equações estruturais (ESEM). A confiabilidade do construto foi avaliada com o coeficiente ômega. Os resultados mostraram que a estrutura de dois fatores (satisfação com os estudos e satisfação com a vida) recebeu maior apoio, indicando, por sua vez, que os itens do EBSE correspondem ao seu fator teórico e que a relação com o ESV é significativa. Finalmente, o coeficiente de confiabilidade foi adequado. Em conclusão, o EBSE apresenta evidências favoráveis ​​de validade em relação à sua associação com o ESV e alta confiabilidade do construto. (AU)

Análisis Psicométrico de la Escala Orientación hacia la Dominancia Social (SDO) Mediante un Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales Exploratorias (ESEM) / Psychometric Analysis of the Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) Scale Through a Model of Exploratory Structural Equations (ESEM)

Resumen El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala Orientación hacia la Dominancia Social (SDO), en una muestra no universitaria de la ciudad de Arica, Chile, implementando técnicas psicométricas de acuerdo con el estado del arte disciplinar. El muestreo fue no probabilístico, por conveniencia y disponibilidad de 812 participantes, entre edades de 18 a 89 años. Se realizaron estimaciones de fiabilidad, análisis factoriales confirmatorios y modelos de ecuaciones estructurales exploratorios, contrastando diferentes modelos. Los resultados proporcionaron evidencia de validez basada en la estructura interna de la prueba, presentando buen ajuste de la estructura de la SDO (RMSEA=.076; CFI=.963; TLI=.956), y adecuados niveles estimados de fiabilidad (Oposición a la Igualdad: α=.85, ω=.84; Dominancia Grupal: α =.67, ω =.66). Finalmente, se concluye que las puntuaciones de la escala SDO poseen evidencia suficiente para sustentar su uso e interpretación, en población no universitaria equivalente a la del presente estudio.

Abstract The objective of this research is to analyze the psychometric properties of the Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) Scale in a non-university sample of the city of Arica, Chile, implementing psychometric techniques according to the state of disciplinary art. The sampling was non-probabilistic due to the convenience and availability of 812 participants in a range of ages from 18 to 89 years. To contrast different models were performed reliability estimates, confirmatory factorial analyses, and exploratory structural equation models. The results provided evidence of validity based on the internal structure of the test, presenting good adjustment of the SDO structure (RMSEA=.076; CFI=.963; TLI=.956), and estimated adequate levels of reliability (Opposition to the Equality: α=.85, ω=.84, Group dominance: α =.67, ω =.66). Finally, the research concluded that the scores of the SDO scale have sufficient evidence to support its use and interpretation, in a non-university population equivalent to that of the present study.

Development and validity evidence of the Two-Dimensional Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale / Desarrollo y evidencia de validez de la Escala Bidimensional de Búsqueda de Sensaciones Sexuales

Abstract Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), mainly HIV/AIDS, are acquired through risky sexual behaviors that have been associated with sexual sensation seeking. The purpose of this work is development a new scale for the assessment of sexual sensations seeking, with evidence of validity based on internal structure and relationship to other measures, for use in young people and adults in a Latin American context. An instrumental study was performed, with time-space sampling of students from the two Chilean cities with the highest rates of HIV. Final scale has 9 items to evaluate two dimensions: (1) sexual emotions seeking and (2) tendency to sexual boredom. The identified structure provides good levels of reliability and presents validity evidence, based on the internal structure of the test, using CFA and ESEM. Two-dimensional sexual sensation seeking scale evidence proper psychometric properties to evaluate the seeking for sexual sensations in equivalents samples.

Resumen Resumen Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS), principalmente el VIH/SIDA, son adquiridas a través de comportamientos sexuales de riesgo que se han asociado con la búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales. El propósito de este trabajo es desarrollar un nuevo instrumento de medida para evaluar la búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales en jóvenes y adultos en Latinoamérica. Se realizó un estudio instrumental, con un muestreo espaciotemporal en estudiantes de las dos ciudades chilenas con mayores índices de VIH. La escala final contiene 9 ítems para evaluar dos dimensiones: (1) búsqueda de emociones sexuales y (2) tendencia al aburrimiento sexual. La estructura identificada proporciona niveles adecuados de confiabilidad y presenta evidencia de validez, basada en la estructura interna del test, utilizando AFC y ESEM. La Escala Bidimensional de Búsqueda de Sensaciones Sexuales evidencia propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para eva luar la búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales en muestras equivalentes.

Análisis estructural de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff en universitarios mexicanos / Structural analysis of the Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale among Mexican college students

Objetivos: realizar el análisis de la estructura interna de la versión en español de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff (PWBS-E) en estudiantes universitarios (n = 1700; 54.75% mujeres; Medad = 19.23) de una institución pública en Veracruz, México. Método: La estructura interna de la PWBS-E fue evaluada mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio (CFA), el modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales exploratorio (ESEM) y el análisis factorial exploratorio (EFA). La confiabilidad del constructo fue estimada con el coeficiente α y de las puntuaciones con el coeficiente α. Resultados: indicaron que una estructura unidimensional y breve (19 ítems) posee mayor respaldo empírico. Además, se evidenció la existencia de un factor de método asociado a ítems invertidos en los modelos multidimensionales. En cuanto a la confiabilidad, se hallaron indicadores aceptables en ambos niveles (constructo y puntuaciones). Conclusiones: se discuten los hallazgos y las implicancias prácticas de la versión breve de la PWBS-E en universitarios

Objectives: This paper aimed to analyze the internal structure of the Spanish version of the Ryff ’s psychological well-being scale (PWBS-E) among college students (n = 1700, 54.75% females, Mage = 19.23) who attend a public institution located in Veracruz, Mexico. Method: The internal structure of the PWBS-E was assessed using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA), while the reliability of the construct was estimated with the ù coefficient and the reliability of the scores, with the α coefficient. Results: Suggested that a short and unidimensional structure (19 items) provides greater empirical support. In addition, a method factor associated with inverted items in multidimensional models was evidenced. Regarding the reliability, acceptable indicators were found in both levels (construct and scores). Conclusions: This paper addresses both the findings and practical implications of the short version of the PWBS-E among college students.

Inventário Reno de Autoperspectiva RISP: adaptação transcultural e evidência de validade / Reno Inventory of Self-Perspective RISP: cross-cultural adaptation and validity evidence / Inventario Reno de Auto-Perspectiva RISP: adaptación transcultural y evidencias de validez

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivos a adaptação transcultural e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Reno Inventory of Self-Perspective - RISP, instrumento que avalia a habilidade de tomada de perspectiva, compreensão de si mesmo enquanto construção contextual, por meio dos fatores enredado, centrado e transcendente. A amostra foi composta por 344 universitários (idade 21,1 ± 4,8; 64,2% mulheres). A estrutura interna foi estimada por meio do Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM). Também se avaliou a invariância do modelo fatorial entre participantes do sexo masculino e feminino, indicadores de precisão e associação com variáveis externas: satisfação com a vida, fusão cognitiva, ansiedade, estresse e depressão. Os resultados revelaram a estrutura composta por três fatores, conforme hipótese teórica, com indicadores desejáveis de precisão. Foi demonstrado equivalência do modelo de medida ao avaliar participantes dos diferentes sexos, e associações correspondentes as perspectivas teóricas com as variáveis externas estudadas. Os resultados sugerem adequação da versão brasileira RISP. (AU)

This research aimed to adapt and assess the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Reno Inventory of Self-Perspective (RISP), which aims to measure fusion with self-content, the ability to take a centered self-perspective, and verbal awareness of the transcendent nature of that perspective, using three factors: Entangled, Centered and Transcendent. The sample consisted of 344 Brazilian undergraduate students (age 21.1±4.8; 64.2% women). The dimensionality of the inventory was estimated by the Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM). The invariance of the factorial model between men and women, scale reliability and association with other variables: life satisfaction, cognitive fusion, anxiety, stress and depression were estimated as well. The results showed a three-factor structure, confirming the theoretical hypothesis with desirable precision indices. It was also observed the measurement model equivalence to assess participants of both sexes. The results suggest adequacy of the Brazilian version of the RISP. (AU)

Esta investigación tuvo como principal objetivo la adaptación transcultural y la evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas de la versión brasileña del Reno Inventory of Self-Perspective RISP, un instrumento que evalúa la medición de habilidad de capacidad de toma de perspectiva, comprensión de sí mismo como construcción contextual, a través de los factores Enredado, Centrado y Trascendente. La muestra fue compuesta por 344 universitarios (edad 21,1 ± 4,8; 64,2% mujeres). La estructura interna del instrumento fue estimada por la Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM). También se evaluó la invariancia del modelo factorial entre participantes de sexo masculino y femenino, indicadores de precisión y asociación con variables externas: satisfacción con la vida, fusión cognitiva, ansiedad, estrés y depresión. Los resultados revelaron la estructura compuesta por tres factores, según hipótesis teórica, con indicadores deseables de precisión. También se demostró la equivalencia del modelo de medida al evaluar participantes de diferente sexo, así como asociaciones correspondientes a perspectivas teóricas con las variables externas estudiadas. Los resultados sugieren adecuación de la versión brasileña RISP. (AU)

Development and validity evidence of the multidimensional scale of sexual selfconcept in a Spanish-speaking context

Abstract Background/objective: STIs and HIV/AIDS are an important public health problem, transmitted by risky sex behaviours. In this context, it is necessary to identify protective factors, of those behaviours, as sexual self-concept. Sexual self-concept is a multidimensional trait (i.e. sexual self-esteem; sexual self-efficacy; and sexual assertiveness), but, in an extensive review, we did not find any measure to assess this multidimensional construct in a Spanish-speaking context. The objective of this research is development a scale to assess sexual self-concept in young people and adults. Method: Time-space sampling with a total size of 792 participants, coming from the two Chilean cities (i.e. Arica and Iquique) with the highest HIV rates, aged between 17 and 53 years old (ME = 23.42; SD = 6.33), with 66.2% women (N = 500), 33.6% men (N = 258). Results: Final scale has 16 items and 4 dimensions: sexual self-esteem, sexual self-efficacy, assertive sexual communication, and assertive sexual behaviour. The identified structure provides satisfactory levels of reliability (ω > .8) and presents robust evidence of validity, based on the internal structure of the test, using ESEM (RMSEA = .060; CFI = .99; TLI = .98), evidence of validity based on relationship to other variables (i.e. risky sexual behaviour) and measurement invariance between men and women. Conclusions: The multidimensional scale of sexual self-concept has adequate psychometric properties to assess sexual selfconcept in equivalent samples.

Lactobacillus plantarum: Effect of a protective biofilm on the surface of olives during storage

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum adhesion to the surface of olives during storage through studying the interaction between the surfaces of the olives and L. plantarum. The results showed that the total number of adherent L. plantarum increased exponentially from 1.2 × 106 to 1.3 × 108 cfu/g. Images obtained using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) after 4 days of storage revealed that the olive surface was covered with a uniform and compact biofilm constituted of L. plantarum and yeast. Physicochemical analysis of surface of L. plantarum revealed that it was hydrophilic (Giwi > 0 mJ/m2). The surface of the olives also appeared to be hydrophilic (Giwi = 3.28 mJ/m2). The electron-donor characteristics of the surfaces of L. plantarum and olive were γ− = 53.1 mJ/m2 and γ− = 28.1 mJ/m2, respectively. The formation of a protective biofilm of L. plantarum increased the hydrophilicity (from 3.28 to 46.14 mJ/m2) and the electron-donor capacity (from 28.1 to 67.2 mJ/m2) of the olive surface by 1 day of storage. Analysis of the impact of the biofilm that formed on the surface of the olives during storage showed a reduction in the content of undesirable planktonic microorganisms, such as fungi, which could have occurred due to competition for nutrients and oxygen or modifications in the physicochemical properties of the olives. Thus, coating the surface of olives with a natural material, such as L. plantarum, may be a first step in developing strategies to prevent their microbial colonization.

Influence of accumulation of heaps of steel slag on the environment: determination of heavy metals content in the soils

The presence of high level of heavy metals involves a human healthy risk that could induce chronic diseases. This work reports on the metal contamination due to heaps of steel-slag accumulated during more than 40 years in allotments and industrial areas in the southern part of Madrid (Spain). Several slag and soil samples were collected in an area of 10 km² and characterized by different conventional (XRD and XRF) and no so common methods (ESEM, thermoluminescence and EDS-WDS). The analysis reveal the presence of: (i) important amounts of Fe (43 percent), Mg (26 percent), Cr (1.1 percent), Mn (4.6 percent), S (6.5 percent) in the form of Fe-rich slag phases (wustite, magnetite...), Si and Ca-rich phases (larnite, ghelenite...), Cr (chromite), Mn (bustamite) and graphite, (ii) traces of some other contaminants such as Cr (7700 ppm), Zn (3500 ppm), Ba (3000 ppm), Pb (700 ppm) or Cu (500 ppm) on pathway soil samples that come from the steel slag, and (iii) Co (13 ppm), Pb (78 ppm) and V (54 ppm) in farmland soil samples. Although the existing heavy metals content is not appropriate for the current use, the extremely high metal contamination of the surrounding areas is more worrying. The properties of the soil farmlands (pH circa 7, 13 percent of clay, mainly illite, and 1-4 percent of organic matter content) show suitable conditions for the retention of cationic metals, but further studies on the movilization of these elements have to be performed to determine the possibility of severe human health risks. This sort of study can provide useful information for the politicians regarding the appropriate use of the territory to prevent possible health hazard for the population.

A presença de altos niveis de metais pesados envolve riscos à saúde humana e pode induzir doenças crônicas. Este trabalho relata a contaminação metálica causada por pilhas de escória siderúrgica acumulada durante mais de 40 anos em áreas industriais na parte sul de Madrid (Espanha). Amostras de escória e solo foram coletadas em uma área de 10 km² e caracteri-zada por diferentes métodos, convencionais (XRD, XRF) ou não (ESEM, termoluminescência e EDS-WDS). A análise revela a presença de: i) quantidades importantes de Fe (43 por cento), Mg (26 por cento), Cr (1,1 por cento), Mn (4,6 por cento), S (6,5 por cento) formando várias fases ricas em Fe (wüstita, magnetita), Si e Ca (larnita, guelenita), Cr (cromita), Mn (bustamita) e grafite; (ii) tiajos de outros contaminantes, como Cr (7700 ppm), Zn (3500 ppm), Ba (3000 ppm), Pb (700 ppm) e Cu (500 ppm), no solo dos caminhos para as pilhas de resíduos e (iii) Co (13 ppm), Pb (78 ppm) e V (54 ppm) em amostras de solo agrícola. Embora os teores de metais pesados não sejam apropriados para uso corrente, a elevada contaminação de areas adjacentes é mais preocupante. Os solos adjacentes (pH ca. 7, 13 por cento de argila - principalmente ilita) e 1-4 por cento de matéria orgânica mostram condições adequadas para a retenção de cátions, mas outros estudos deverão ser realizados para determinar a possibilidade de riscos à saúde humana. Este tipo de trabalho pode fornecer informaçãoo útil para gestores públicos, com relação ao uso do território e prevenção de riscos à saúde da população.