A graded approach in East Asian personalized lower blepharoplasty: A retrospective study spanning 12 years

Purpose: The aim of the study was to describe a graded approach for assessment and specific treatment, which can achieve satisfactory postoperative result in East Asian personalized lower blepharoplasty. Methods: We reviewed 913 patients who underwent lower blepharoplasty from 2008 to 2020. We preoperatively classified patients with different characteristics to provide personalized treatment. Results: There were 163 patients with fat herniation but no lower eyelid skin laxity, 259 patients with lower eyelid skin laxity accompanied by mild fat herniation, 313 patients with sagging lower eyelid skin accompanied by mild fat herniation and tear troughs, and a total of 178 patients with sagging skin accompanied by moderate to severe fat herniation and tear troughs. The overall success rate was 97.81%. Postoperative complications included the following: conjunctival chemosis, dry eye symptoms, and more. Conclusion: For East Asian patients with different characteristics, we achieved satisfactory postoperative results through accurate preoperative clinical grading and personalized surgical plans. The success of the operation not only depends on correct manipulation during the procedure but also on the surgeon’s accurate assessment and full grasp of the anatomy of each patient preoperatively.

SNP Panel Analysis of Ancestry Inference in East Asian Populations / 法医学杂志

Objective To develop an SNP Panel for East Asian population, which has a high individual identification rate and the capability of ancestry analysis. Methods The 55 SNP Panel by Professor KIDD of Yale University and the 128 SNP Panel by Professor SELDIN of Davis School of California University, 170 SNP Panel in total was used as the basis and its test data in the East Asian population was collected. The genetic parameters of SNP loci were calculated and combined with the results of heatmap analysis to screen SNP loci suitable for East Asian population. Some Tibetan and Han samples were tested. The possibility of using the SNP loci in ancestry inference was analyzed by means of STRUCTURE analysis, principal component analysis and heatmap analysis. Results A Panel with 45 SNPs （45 SNP Panel） was screened out, and the average genetic parameters of each SNP were better than 170 SNP Panel, with the same ancestry analysis and inference ability. Conclusion In terms of ancestry inference information, the 45 SNP Panel can completely replace the 170 SNP Panel and achieve the same ancestry analysis and inference ability. In genetic parameters, 45 SNP Panel is better than 170 SNP Panel in the East Asian population, which shows its important potential forensic application value.

Text and Practice in East Asian Medicine: The Structure of East Asian Medical Knowledge Examined by Donguibogam Currents in Contemporary South Korea / 의사학

How do classical texts, such as Hwangdi Neijing and Shanghanlun, continuously play significant roles in medical practices in the history of East Asian medicine? Although this is a significant question in interpreting the position of written texts in the medical history and even for understanding the structure of East Asian medical knowledge, it has been conspicuously underexamined in the studies of East Asian medicine. In order to explore this underrepresented question, this study focuses on currents of tradition in contemporary South Korea. Drawing on anthropological fieldwork at three Donguibogam (Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine) currents, it delves into the interaction of text and practice in East Asian medicine. Even though all three currents (Hyun-dong, Byeong-in, Hyung-sang) are based on Donguibogam, their ways of reading the text and organizing clinical practices are diverse. Each current sets up a keyword, such as pulse diagnosis, cause of disease, and appearance-image, and attempts to penetrate the entire Donguibogam through the keyword. This means that the classical medical text is open to plural approaches. This study found that there is a visible gap between a medical text and the reader of the text in East Asia. Masters and currents of tradition are the actors who fill up the gap, continuously interpreting and reinterpreting classical texts, and guiding medical practices of new readers. Adding the history of practice to the body of literature that have focused on the history of written texts, this study will contribute to the history of East Asian medicine.

A systematic review of herbal medicines for the treatment of cancer cachexia in animal models / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

OBJECTIVE@#The aim of this study is to summarize preclinical studies on herbal medicines used to treat cancer cachexia and its underlying mechanisms.@*METHODS@#We searched four representing databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and the Web of Science up to December 2016. Randomized animal studies were included if the effects of any herbal medicine were tested on cancer cachexia. The methodological quality was evaluated by the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (CAMARADE) checklist.@*RESULTS@#A total of fourteen herbal medicines and their compounds were identified, including Coptidis Rhizoma, berberine, Bing De Ling, curcumin, Qing-Shu-Yi-Qi-Tang, Scutellaria baicalensis, Hochuekkito, Rikkunshito, hesperidin, atractylodin, Sipjeondaebo-tang, Sosiho-tang, Anemarrhena Rhizoma, and Phellodendri Cortex. All the herbal medicines, except curcumin, have been shown to ameliorate the symptoms of cancer cachexia through anti-inflammation, regulation of the neuroendocrine pathway, and modulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system or protein synthesis.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This study showed that herbal medicines might be a useful approach for treating cancer cachexia. However, more detailed experimental studies on the molecular mechanisms and active compounds are needed.

A systematic review of herbal medicines for the treatment of cancer cachexia in animal models / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Objective: The aim of this study is to summarize preclinical studies on herbal medicines used to treat cancer cachexia and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: We searched four representing databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and the Web of Science up to December 2016. Randomized animal studies were included if the effects of any herbal medicine were tested on cancer cachexia. The methodological quality was evaluated by the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (CAMARADE) checklist. Results: A total of fourteen herbal medicines and their compounds were identified, including Coptidis Rhizoma, berberine, Bing De Ling, curcumin, Qing-Shu-Yi-Qi-Tang, Scutellaria baicalensis, Hochuekkito, Rikkunshito, hesperidin, atractylodin, Sipjeondaebo-tang, Sosiho-tang, Anemarrhena Rhizoma, and Phellodendri Cortex. All the herbal medicines, except curcumin, have been shown to ameliorate the symptoms of cancer cachexia through anti-inflammation, regulation of the neuroendocrine pathway, and modulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system or protein synthesis. Conclusions: This study showed that herbal medicines might be a useful approach for treating cancer cachexia. However, more detailed experimental studies on the molecular mechanisms and active compounds are needed.

Research progress in double-eyelid blepharoplasty for east Asians / 中华整形外科杂志

Eyes play a dominating role in the facial aesthetics. In the past decades, East Asian consider the westernized stereoscopic and double eyelid eyes as beautiful, as a result, double-eyelid blepharoplasty become the most commonly performed aesthetic plastic surgery continuing to gain popularity in East Asian. The authors summarized the important progress and innovative conclusion on upper eyelid anatomy, preoperative evaluation, double-eyelid blepharoplasty for Asian males as well as objective outcome assessment of double eyelid surgery in recent 10 years, which we hope could pave the way for surgeons to better understand, investigate and modify double eyelid surgery along with better serve the patients.

Efficacy and Safety of First-Line Necitumumab Plus Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Versus Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in East Asian Patients with Stage IV Squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Subgroup Analysis of the Phase 3, Open-Label, Randomized SQUIRE Study / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: The phase 3 randomized SQUIRE study revealed significantly longer overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for necitumumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin (neci+GC) than for gemcitabine and cisplatin alone (GC) in 1,093 patients with previously untreated advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This post hoc subgroup analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of neci+GC among East Asian (EA) patients enrolled in the study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients received up to six 3-week cycles of gemcitabine (days 1 and 8, 1,250 mg/m²) and cisplatin (day 1, 75 mg/m²). Patients in the neci+GC arm also received necitumumab (days 1 and 8, 800 mg) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated from stratified Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: In EA patients, there were improvements for neci+GC (n=43) versus GC (n=41) in OS (HR, 0.805; 95% CI, 0.484 to 1.341) and PFS (HR, 0.720; 95% CI, 0.439 to 1.180), consistent with the results for non-EA patients observed in the present study. The overall safety data were consistent between EA and non-EA patients. A numerically higher proportion of patients experienced serious adverse events (AEs), grade ≥ 3 AEs, and AEs with an outcome of death for neci+GC versus GC in EA patients and EA patients versus non-EA patients for neci+GC. CONCLUSION: Although limited by the small sample size and post hoc nature of the analysis, these findings are consistent with those of the overall study and suggest that neci+GC offers a survival advantage and favorable benefit/risk for EA patients with advanced squamous NSCLC.

Morphologic Variability of the Shoulder between the Populations of North American and East Asian

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine if there were significant differences in glenohumeral joint morphology between North American and East Asian populations that may influence sizing and selection of shoulder arthroplasty systems. METHODS: Computed tomography reconstructions of 92 North American and 58 East Asian patients were used to perform 3-dimensional measurements. The proximal humeral position was normalized in all patients by aligning it with the scapular plane utilizing anatomic landmarks. Measurements were performed on the humerus and scapula and included coronal and axial humeral head radius, humeral neck shaft and articular arc angles, glenoid height and width, and critical shoulder angle. Glenohumeral relationships were also measured and included lateral distance to the greater tuberosity and acromion, abduction lever arm, and acromial index. Parametric and nonparametric statistical analyses were used to compare population metrics. RESULTS: East Asian glenohumeral measurements were significantly smaller for all linear metrics (p < 0.05), with the exception of acromial length, which was greater than in the North American cohort (p < 0.001). The increase in acromial length affected all measurements involving the acromion including abduction lever arms. No difference was found between the neck shaft and articular angular measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The East Asian population exhibited smaller shoulder morphometrics than their North American cohort, with the exception of an extended acromial overhang. The morphologic data can provide some additional factors to consider when choosing an optimal shoulder implant for the East Asian population, in addition to creating future designs that may better accommodate this population.

Pemetrexed-Erlotinib, Pemetrexed Alone, or Erlotinib Alone as Second-Line Treatment for East Asian and Non-East Asian Never-Smokers with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Nonsquamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Exploratory Subgroup Analysis of a Phase II Tri / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: This subgroup analysis of a phase II trial was conducted to assess possible ethnicity-based trends in efficacy and safety in East Asian (EA) and non-EA populations with nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Never-smoker patients (n=240) with locally advanced or metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC included 133 EA patients randomized to pemetrexed supplemented with dexamethasone, folic acid, and vitamin B12 plus erlotinib (pemetrexed-erlotinib) (n=41), erlotinib (n=49), or pemetrexed (n=43), and 107 non-EA patients randomized to pemetrexed-erlotinib (n=37), erlotinib (n=33), or pemetrexed (n=37). The primary endpoint, progression-free survival (PFS), was analyzed using a multivariate Cox model. RESULTS: Consistent with the results of the overall study, a statistically significant difference in PFS among the three arms was noted in the EA population favoring pemetrexed-erlotinib (overall p=0.003) as compared with either single-agent arm (hazard ratio [HR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29 to 0.79; p=0.004 vs. erlotinib; HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.70; p=0.001 vs. pemetrexed). The EA patients treated with pemetrexed-erlotinib achieved a longer median PFS (7.4 months) compared with erlotinib (4.5 months) and pemetrexed (4.0 months). The PFS results also numerically favored pemetrexed-erlotinib in the non-EA population (overall p=0.210) (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.37 to 1.05; p=0.078 vs. erlotinib; HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.42 to 1.32; p=0.320 vs. pemetrexed) (median PFS: pemetrexed-erlotinib, 6.7 months; erlotinib, 3.0 months; pemetrexed, 4.4 months). CONCLUSION: The PFS results from this subset analysis in both EA and non-EA populations are consistent with the results in the overall population. The PFS advantage for pemetrexed-erlotinib is significant compared with the single agents in EA patients.

Current Status and Clinical Studies of Oriental Herbs in Sexual Medicine in Korea

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most common diseases among aging men. Although previous studies have shown that type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE5-Is) are very effective for the treatment of ED, many researchers are currently attempting to identify therapeutic agents from natural sources with comparable or better effects than PDE5-Is. Herbal medicine is thought to be advantageous because it is natural; moreover, it not only treats isolated symptoms, but also maintains general well-being. Furthermore, since newly created chemical compound libraries have limited structural diversity with regard to pharmaceutical agents, more attention has recently been paid to the ability of oriental herbs to enhance physical health, including sexual function. Herein, we review the current status of Korean preclinical or clinical studies of the application of oriental herbs to sexual medicine.

Meta-analysis on relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism of rs2231142 in ABCG2 gene and gout in East Asian population / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To systematically evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism of rs2231142 genetic susceptibility and gout in East Asian population.Methods The literature retrieval was conducted by using English databases (Medline, EMbase), Chinese databases (CNKI, Vip, Wanfang, SinaMed) and others to collect the published papers on the association between single nucleotide polymorphism of rs2231142 genetic susceptibility and gout by the end of December 2014.Meta-analysis was performed with software Stata 12.0.Results Nine studies were included.There were significant associations between increased risk of gout and single nucleotide polymorphism of rs2231142, the combined OR was 2.04 (95％ CI: 1.82-2.28)for A allele and C allele, 1.97 (95％ CI: 1.57-2.48) for CA and CC, 3.71 (95％ CI: 3.07-4.47) for AA and CC.Sex and region specific subgroup analysis showed less heterogeneity.Conclusion There is significant association between gout and single nucleotide polymorphism of rs2231142 in East Asian population,and A allele is a high risk gene for gout.

Analysis of the Job of Nurses Working on Oriental Medicine Wards / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify nurse's role through job analysis of nursing duties for nurses working on East Asia traditional medicine wards. METHODS: Major steps in the study included a literature review, description of job activities of nurses on oriental medicine wards, comparative description of the literature, expert tests of validity of derived duties and tasks, and investigation of importance, difficulty and frequency of duties on job list. RESULTS: The job of nurses on oriental medicine wards was classified into 12 duties, 59 tasks, and 295 task elements. The 12 duties were nursing assessment, nursing diagnosis, nursing planning, nursing implementation, nursing evaluation, supplies management, management of human resources, management of environment, management of documents, formation of cooperative relationships, self-development, and nursing activity in oriental medicine. 'Formation of cooperative relationships' was the duty ranked highest for importance (4.34), 'self-development' was ranked highest for difficulty (3.47), and 'Formation of cooperative relationships' was ranked highest for frequency (4.21). CONCLUSION: Basic education for nurses on an oriental medicine unit is necessary for the performance of oriental nursing to be considered as a specialized field. This study contributes to human resource management in the oriental medical hospital.

Prevalence of restless legs syndrome and sleep problems in Korean children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a single institution study / 소아과

PURPOSE: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder in school-aged children. Patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) often present with ADHD symptoms and vice versa. This study was the first to attempt to identify the prevalence of RLS and sleep problems in children with ADHD in Korea. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with ADHD were asked to complete a sleep questionnaire. The sleep questionnaire included items to help identify the presence of four typical symptoms that are used as diagnostic criteria for RLS. RESULTS: A total of 56 patients, including 51 boys and 5 girls (mean age, 10.7 years old) participated. Of these, 24 complained of pain, discomfort, or an unpleasant sensation in the legs. Based on the RLS diagnostic criteria, 2 patients were diagnosed with definite RLS and 4 with probable RLS. There were no significant differences in age, medication dosage, or neuropsychological test scores between the patients with and without RLS symptoms. CONCLUSION: Approximately 42.9% of patients with ADHD presented with RLS symptoms and 7.1% of these were diagnosed with RLS. Patients with ADHD also experienced various other sleep disorders. Thus, appropriate assessment and treatment for sleep disorders in patients with ADHD is essential.

Molecular epidemiology of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung cancers in Indian population.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related mortality world‑wide and amongst males in India. The discovery of tyrosine kinase inhibitors holds a ray of hope for a subset of lung cancer patients, which have activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Much of the preliminary data on frequency of EGFR mutations emanated from Western studies, which reported EGFR mutation rates of 10‑15%. However, studies from Asian countries report a much higher frequency of EGFR mutations, not only in the male population, but also in females. AIM: The object of this study was to share the author’s experience of EGFR mutation testing in 402 lung cancer patients as no large‑scale study addressing the issue has been published from India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues were analyzed for EGFR exon 19 deletions and exon 21 point mutation by length analysis of fluorescently labeled polymerase chain reaction products on Applied Biosystems Inc. 310 genetic analyzer. RESULTS: Out of 402 samples, 35 samples could not be analyzed because of poor deoxyribonucleic acid material. Thus of the remaining 367 cases analyzed, EGFR mutations were found in 118 patients (32%). Mutations were equally distributed between males (50%) and females (50%). Majority of the mutations were seen in adenocarcinoma subtype (90%). Exon 19 mutations accounted for 76% while exon 21 mutations accounted for 24% of the mutations. SUMMARY: EGFR mutation frequency is higher in Indian population vis‑à‑vis Caucasian population, but lower than that reported in the East Asian population. A significantly higher number of males also harbor EGFR mutations.

The Publication of Hyangyakjipseongbang and the Chosnization of the Chinese medicine / 의사학

This article explores the Hyangyakjipseongbang, which was published in 1433, in view of the Chosnization of the Chinese medicine. This study discusses the structure of combination between the Chosn medicine and the Chinese medicine by analyzing the process of publication, the transmission of the Korean traditional medical books, the diseases and the prescriptions of Hyangyakjipseongbang. Most prescriptions of Hyangyakjipseongbang had been collected from the Chinese medical books. And the editors of Hyangyakjipseongbang, Chosn medical scientists, made an intensive investigation into the Chinese medicine and reconciled the official names of the Hyangyak(Korean traditional herbs) with the Chinese herbs. With the acception of the Chinese disease system including gynecology and pediatrics, Hyangyakjipseongbang was similar to the Chinese medical books such as Seonghyebang and Seongjechongrok. So Hyangyakjipseongbang became a general medical book which aimed to treat all kind of the East Asian diseases with the Hyangyak. However Hyangyakjipseongbang was one of the famous Chosn medical books. This book was regarded as the revised edition of Hyangyakjesaengjipseongbang, which was published in 1399. The list of chapters, formation of texts of Hyangyakjipseongbang and Hyangyakjesaengjipseongbang were much alike, besides some sentences of two books were coincided. An important point is that new diseases were created with the Publication of Hyangyakjipseongbang. Various symptoms like jaundice and nonstop runny nose of the Chinese medicine were recognized as the diseases in Chosn, and the proper treatments should be needed. Even though the formation of Hyangyakjipseongbang complied with that of the Chinese medical books on the whole, Chosn medical scientists chosen the prescriptions and decided the chapter order. And some diseases of Hyangyakjipseongbang were related with the infectious diseases and diabetes which were rampant in the late Kory period and the early Chosn period. It's certain that the Chinese medicine was adopted in accordance with the real state and demand of the Chosn society. So it can be said that new diseases had been created with the acception of the Chinese medicine and chosen with the circumstances of the Chosn society. It was the way of the Chosnization of the Chinese medicine.

The association between tumor necrosis factor-α promoter -308A/G polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis in East Asian populations: a meta analysis / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the association of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)promoter-308A/G polymorphism with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)susceptibility in East Asian population based on the meta-analysis. Methods We searched all the publications about the association between TNF-α promoter -308A/G polymorphism and RA in East Asian population from PubMed, Ebsco, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), and Wanfang (Chinese). Meta-analysis was performed for genotypes AA versus GG, GA versus GG, AA versus GG+GA,GA+AA versus GG, and A allele versus G allele in a fixed/random effect model. Results A total of 4 studies (957 cases and 1196 controls)were included in the current meta-analysis(three Chinese and one Japanese studies). When all groups were pooled, significant association of A allele and decreased RA risk was found (OR=0.36, 95%CI=0.16～0.80, P=0.01). When analyses were limited to race homogeneous population,significant association of A allele and decreased RA risk was found in Chinese population(OR=0.40, 95%CI=0.16～1.01, P=0.05). Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrates significant negative association between TNF-α promoter-308A/G polymorphism and RA in East Asian and Chinese population.

The Trend and Prospect of Studies of East Asian Medical History in Korea / 의사학

Studies of East Asian medical history in Korea have progressively accumulated in the last twenty years. First, Korean scholars broadened the focus of research from China-centered research to East Asian research. Studies of Toyo medical history in Korea mainly concentrated on Chinese medical history. Toyo medical history originated from Japanese orientalism and imperialism. Today the studies of East Asian medical history in Korea include Korea, China and Japan, and attempt to deal with East Asia as a single conceptual category. Second, researchers in East Asian medical history are steadily increasing. They study Chinese medical history or Japanese medical history from universities. As they continue their research in academic positions, successive researchers emerge. Third, the number of Korean scholars remains relatively small, but they pursue original research. Their interests are in the discourse of East Asian medical history, colonial modernity, environmental history, oral history, and history of disease.

Heteroplasmy of Mitochondrial DNA Shown in Korean and Mongolian / 체질인류학회지

As characterization of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) shows maternal inheritance and exists as more than thousands copies per cell, it is widely used for population genetics and forensic scientific field. However, mitochondrial DNA study has difficulties because heteroplasmy of mtDNA is being reported from coding and control region. In this study, we have analyzed 200 samples to examine heteroplasmy in mitochondrial DNA of Korean and Mongolian. The control region and coding region in mtDNA of blood from Koreans and Mongolians were analyzed with PCR amplication and sequencing. As a result, several heteroplasmy was observed from total 10 positions including 5 positions in coding region and 5 positions in control region, respectively. Moreover, it showed more than one heteroplasmy in coding region from 6 samples in Korean and 17 samples in Mongolian. Interestingly, heteroplasmy at 5178 position was shown in 6 samples among 23 samples. Considering that the position is important for deciding haplogroup D, we suggest that additional analysis on 4883 position needs for correct haplogrouping. Beside, we also found heteroplasmy in the other positions of 204, 4853, or 16249. Therefore, we suggest that it is required of combinatory analysis on several key nucleotide positions to obtain good results when determining mitochondrial haplogroups.

A Study of Okada Shoshun Documents: Biographies of Okada Family Members and Annotations to Some Documents / 日本東洋医学雑誌

This article analyzes the Okada Documents that were kept by the descendents of Okada Shôshun (1827-97) for over a hundred years and recently became available for scholarly use. In the existing scholarship, Okada Shôshun was considered merely one of many practitioners of East Asian medicine in the early Meiji period. His family background was obscure. This study of the newly emerged documents shows that his family practiced medicine for six generations-from the mid-Edo until the Meiji period-and produced medical administrators in the Bakufu. Also, a book on pharmaceuticals preserved in the Documents and written by his adoptive father, Shôseki, reveals that the family originally specialized in surgery. In addition, because Shôshun studied at the Bakufu's official medical school, Igakkan, under the guidance of the Taki family, the Documents include rare books such as Taki Motonori's “Rankei sensei yakushitsu kijô” (draft), Taki Motoyasu's “Isekikô” (the first draft), “Byômei san, ” and “Qianjin yueling.” Since the mid-1870s, Shôshun participated earnestly in the movement to preserve East Asian medicine and was particularly close to Asada Sôhaku (1815-94). The Documents include Sôhaku's medical essay (untitled), a book manuscript written by Shôshun with commentary by Sôhaku, and sixty-two letters that were exchanged between Shôshun and Sôhaku.