Nurse educators' knowledge, preparation, application, and participation in quality improvement

@#<strong>BACKGROUND</strong><p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">The capability of nurse educators to teach and practice quality improvement (QI) is crucial in assisting students in their transition to becoming professionals. Understanding the strengths and limitations of nurse educators on QI can be a logical start to determine if they can keep up with the expectations.</p><strong>OBJECTIVES</strong><p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">This paper aimed to determine the nurse educators' knowledge, preparation, application, and participation in QI, as well as the differences when grouped according to years of teaching and BSN degree completion.</p><strong>METHODS</strong><p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">A descriptive correlational design was utilized involving nurse educators from six nursing schools in Baguio City, Philippines. Only full-time nurse educators with official teaching load during the data gathering, regardless of academic background and position, were eligible. Faculty members who were on leave were excluded. A self-made tool (CVI 0.90, Cronbach's alpha 0.90) was used to gather data. Unpaired t-tests and ANOVA were used to determine the significant differences in the scores. Multiple regression was utilized to compute the relationship between knowledge, preparation, and participation in applying QI.</p><strong>RESULTS</strong><p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">104 nurse educators responded. Results show that they are knowledgeable (x̄= 15.82; SD = 0.11), somewhat prepared (x̄= 2.93; SD = 0.08), and participated reasonably well (x̄= 2.77; SD = 0.11) on QI. Higher scores were given to the application of QI in the nursing courses (x̄= 2.44; SD = 0.08) and teaching-learning strategies (x̄= 0.83; SD = 0.07), compared with its application in improving Self as educators (x̄= 2.30; SD = 0.11), and improving student's learning outcomes (x̄= 2.13; SD = 0.11). Scores of nurse educators with more than ten years of teaching experience significantly differed in the extent of knowledge, application in teaching-learning strategies, and application of QI tools to improve Self and participation compared to those with less teaching experience. The scores did not significantly vary when grouped according to BSN degree completion. A positive relationship was observed between preparation and the application of QI tools to improve Self (p = 0.00). Data also showed a positive relationship between participation with application in nursing courses (p = 0.00), application of QI tools to improve Self (p = 0.00), and student learning outcomes. (p = 0.00).</p><strong>CONCLUSION</strong><p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">The results of this study are encouraging and show the potential of nurse educators to apply quality improvement in the nursing curriculum. The adept use of technological tools in producing QI projects can augment the strength of nurse educators in meeting patient-centered care. Teaching experience can contribute to a better grasp of the concepts and maximum integration of quality improvement in nursing students' learning. Identifying, mobilizing, and supporting QI champions to spearhead the mentoring of new faculty members on QI may be a viable strategy to sustain a culture that values quality improvement. It further calls for the attention of educational institutions to develop policies to inform nurse educators in applying QI concepts.</p>

Current status of health education faculty and paths to improvement in Yuzhong District of Chongqing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the current status of health education faculty in Yuzhong District of Chongqing, so as to explore the implementation path to improve the construction of health education faculty.@*Methods@#In August 2023, stratified random sampling was used to directly select a total of 555 teachers and school doctors from 17 schools in 11 streets of Yuzhong District, who were invited to conduct a questionnaire survey. A total of 409 fulltime or parttime health education teachers were included in the analysis of the results. Both χ2 test and Fisher exact probability method were analyzed for compare the differences in the frequency of conducting health education courses and specializing in specializing areas among different plant health education teachers in Yuzhong District.@*Results@#Health education course faculty were mainly female teachers, accounting for 81.66%. The proportions of physical education (PE) teachers, school doctors, head teachers and teachers from other disciplines were 14.67%, 8.31%, 62.84%, 14.18%, and the class teachers (81.33%) and school doctor (80.95%) were found of the highest proportion of providing health education courses, and the teaching section was mainly elementary school (first to third grade: 42.30%, fourth to sixth grade: 44.74%). Among the teachers, school doctors had the highest proportion (88.24%) of receiving training related to health education courses. And there was a significant stastical difference in the frequency of conducting health education classes among PE teachers, school doctor, head teachers and the teachers of other courses (χ2=54.46, P<0.01). The results of Fisher exact probability method showed that the differences in selfassessment of the most and least skilled areas among PE teachers, school doctor, head teachers and teachers of other courses were statistically significant (P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#Health education faculty in Yuzhong District is mainly composed of PE teachers, school doctor, head teachers and teachers of other courses. The standardized training and assessment of teaching for school doctor could promote the school nurse group developing into specialized health education faculty.

Psychology and the educational psychologist in private schools: An approach from social representations / A Psicologia e o psicólogo educacional em escolas privadas: uma aproximação a partir das representações sociais

Abstract Objective This study aimed to describe the social representations constructed by the educational community about educational psychology and the educational psychologist in the school context. Method We used a qualitative methodology with a hermeneutical approach, with a total of 34 participants (principals, teachers, psychologists, students, and parents) from eight private schools in the city of Ibagué, Colombia. Data were collected through focus groups and semistructured interviews. Results Thematic network analysis was used to analyze the data, resulting in three global themes that illustrate the main social representations. The results indicate that differentiation from clinical psychology and school counseling are points of reference for identifying educational psychology as an applied discipline and understanding the role of the educational psychologist in schools. Conclusion It is argued that representations and practices related to traditional roles are being transformed towards institutional and contextual practices.

Resumo Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever as representações sociais construídas pela comunidade educacional sobre a psicologia educacional e o psicólogo educacional no contexto escolar. Método Utilizamos uma metodologia qualitativa com abordagem hermenêutica, com a participação de 34 pessoas (reitores, professores, psicólogos, estudantes e pais) de oito escolas privadas na cidade de Ibagué, Colômbia. Os dados foram coletados por meio de grupos focais e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Resultados A técnica de redes temáticas para a análise dos dados foi utilizada, resultando em três temas globais que ilustram as principais representações sociais. Os resultados indicam que a diferenciação entre a psicologia clínica e a orientação escolar são referências para identificar a psicologia educacional como disciplina aplicada e o papel do psicólogo educacional na escola. Conclusão Argumentamos que as representações e práticas relacionadas a papéis tradicionais estão sendo transformados em práticas institucionais e contextuais.

Aprendizagem e Desenvolvimento Humano em Educação e Saúde permeados pelo Psicodrama e a Subjetividade / Learning and Human Development in Education and Health permeated by Psychodrama and Subjectivity

Objetivo: compreender como o psicodrama, enquanto recurso pedagógico, possibilita aos educadores da área da saúde mental de nível superior superarem de forma subjetiva as suas dificuldades no decorrer das atividades laborais para se desenvolverem. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que utiliza o método educacional psicodramático proposto por Maria Alicia Romanã em consonância com as técnicas exploratórias da mente humana utilizadas por Jacob Levy Moreno no psicodrama e, teoria da subjetividade proposta por Luis Fernando Gonzáles Rey, sendo composto por um grupo de seis educadores de saúde mental. Resultados: evidenciaram a importância das técnicas de psicodrama para despertar pensamentos críticos e reflexivos nos educadores em relação a subjetividade individual. Conclusão: é de suma relevância a formação de educadores na área do psicodrama socioeducativos para intervir na saúde mental dos alunos possibilitando a criação de condições reais e viabilização de entendimentos.(AU)

Objective: to understand how psychodrama, as a pedagogical resource, enables higher-level mental health educators to subjectively overcome their difficulties in the course of work activities in order to develop. Method: this is a qualitative research that uses the psychodramatic educational method proposed by Maria Alicia Romanã in line with the exploratory techniques of the human mind used by Jacob Levy Moreno in psychodrama and, subjectivity theory proposed by Luis Fernando Gonzáles Rey, being composed by a group of six mental health educators. Results: evidenced the importance of psychodrama techniques to awaken critical and reflective thoughts in educators in relation to individual subjectivity. Conclusion: it is extremely important to train educators in the area of socioeducational psychodrama to intervene in the mental health of students, enabling the creation of real conditions and the viability of understandings.(AU)

comprender cómo el psicodrama, como recurso pedagógico, permite a los educadores de salud mental de nivel superior superar subjetivamente sus dificultades en el curso de las actividades laborales para desarrollarse. Método: esta es una investigación cualitativa que utiliza el método educativo psicodramático propuesto por Maria Alicia Romanã en línea con las técnicas exploratorias de la mente humana utilizadas por Jacob Levy Moreno en psicodrama y la teoría de la subjetividad propuesta por Luis Fernando Gonzáles Rey, siendo compuesta por un grupo de seis educadores en salud mental. Resultados: se evidenció la importancia de las técnicas del psicodrama para despertar pensamientos críticos y reflexivos en los educadores en relación a la subjetividad individual. Conclusión: es de suma importancia la formación de educadores en el área del psicodrama socioeducativo para intervenir en la salud mental de los estudiantes, posibilitando la creación de condiciones reales y la viabilidad de los entendimientos.(AU)

Critical collaborative research: epistemic-ontological locus for the education of educators and researchers as agents of personal and collective transformation / Pesquisa crítica de colaboração: lócus epistemo-ontológico para a educação de educadores e pesquisadores como agentes de transformações pessoais e coletivas / Investigación crítica colaborativa: locus epistemo-ontológico para la formación de educadores y investigadores como agentes de transformaciones personales y colectivas

This text discusses the Critical Collaborative Research known in Brazil as PCCol ­ Pesquisa Crítica de Colaboração - which is a practical-theoretical approach used in the development of investigations that focus on understanding and often challenging knowledge production and actions so as to promote de organization of decolonial-and-inclusive schools. Standing on Marxian, Vygotskian and Freirean underpinnings, the text was written from the recordings of two classes delivered by the authors in a Graduate Course called Critical Research Methodologies, with participation of some guest professors, such as Maria Cecilia Camargo Magalhães, who also authors this paper. The text is organized from the speeches of the authors on two occasions in which they collaboratively delivered lessons about PCCol, as well as the questions and interventions from the other course participants. The writing procedure interweaves speeches, treated as data, and their analyses, treated as the actual discussion of some of the concepts that base the Research Methodology itself, and that include relational and transformational agency, the Freirean notion of data production from the South rather than the North, professional practice that is personal and collectively responsive, but more specifically, we will discuss the role played by language for the implementation of collaborative interactions, as well as how this type of language is organized. (AU)

Este texto discute a Pesquisa Crítica de Colaboração (PCCol), uma abordagem prático-teórica utilizada no desenvolvimento de trabalhos voltados à compreensão de conhecimentos e modos de agir, assim como ao questionamento destes, de modos a promover a formação de uma escola decolonial-e-inclusiva. De base marxiana, freiriana e vygotskiana, o texto foi escrito a partir de duas aulas ministradas no Curso "Critical Research Methodologies", com a presença de professores convidados como a segunda autora deste texto, Maria Cecília C. Magalhães. O presente artigo foi organizado a partir das falas e perguntas dos participantes das duas aulas ministradas por Fidalgo e Magalhães sobre a PCCol, que foram gravadas e transcritas. Em outras palavras, o artigo trará dados produzidos das exposições teórico-metodológicas das apresentadoras e das perguntas e intervenções dos demais participantes, intercaladas de discussão epistemo-metodológica dos conceitos que embasam a PCCol, tais como desenvolvimento da agência relacional e transformadora, a emergência de uma prática profissional pessoal e coletiva responsiva, mas mais fortemente sobre o papel da linguagem na colaboração e como esta se organiza. (AU)

Ese texto aborda la Investigación Colaborativa Crítica (PCCol), cuál enfoque teórico-práctico utilizado en el desarrollo de trabajos destinados a comprender saberes y modos de actuar, así como cuestionarlos, de manera que promuevan la formación de una escuela descolonial-e-inclusiva. Con base marxista, freireana y vygotskiana, el material ha sido escrito a partir de dos clases dictadas en el Curso "Metodologías de Investigación Crítica", además de profesores invitados como la segunda autora de este texto, Maria Cecília C. Magalhães. El presente artículo fue organizado a partir de las charlas, intervenciones y preguntas de los participantes de las dos clases impartidas por Fidalgo y Magalhães acerca de la PCCol, que han sido grabadas y transcritas. En otros términos, el artículo traerá datos producidos a partir de las exposiciones teórico-metodológicas de los expositores y de las preguntas e intervenciones de los demás participantes, interpuestos con una discusión epistemológica-metodológica de los conceptos que subyacen la PCCol, como el desarrollo de relaciones y agencia trasformadora, el surgimiento de una práctica profesional personal y colectiva comprometida, pero más fuertemente acerca del papel del lenguaje en la colaboración y cómo esa se organiza. (AU)

Educação permanente na pandemia de COVID-19: técnicos de enfermagem estatutários como educadores / Continued professional development in the COVID-19 pandemic: statutory nursing technicians as educators / Educación permanente en la pandemia de COVID-19: los técnicos de enfermería estatutarios como educadores

Objetivo: analisar a prática do profissional técnico de enfermagem como educador em uma dimensão técnico-operacional de educação permanente voltado para a doença causada pelo coronavírus do tipo 2 (COVID-19). Método: estudo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com técnicos de enfermagem de uma unidade de terapia intensiva, após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 20 profissionais, sem ocorrência de recusa por parte dos profissionais estatutários, sendo 83% deles do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 41 anos e, em média, 17 anos de atuação na enfermagem, que precisaram, nesse período crítico, adequarem-se à função de educadores. Conclusão: evidenciou-se que os técnicos de enfermagem tiveram que ressignificar suas práticas em virtude das necessidades específicas inerentes à pandemia. As atividades de treinamento e capacitação profissional tendem a ser conduzidas por enfermeiros e, consequentemente, os técnicos de enfermagem como público-alvo dessas atividades não são tratados como membros integrantes do serviço de educação permanente.

Objective: to examine the practice of professional nursing technicians as educators in a technical-operational dimension of continued professional development focused on the disease caused by type-2 coronavirus (COVID-19). Method: this qualitative study was conducted with nursing technicians at an intensive care unit, after approval by the research ethics committee. Results: 20 nursing technicians were interviewed (with no refusal from statutory personnel), 83% of them female, mean age 41 years and averaging 17 years' experience in Nursing, who had to adapt, in this critical period, to the function of educators. Conclusion: the nursing technicians were found to have to reframe their practice to the specific needs inherent to the pandemic. Professional training and qualification activities tend to be conducted by nurses and, consequently, nursing technicians, as the target public for these activities, are not treated as integral members of the continued professional development service.

Objetivo: analizar la práctica de profesionales técnicos de enfermería como educadores en una dimensión técnico-operativa de educación permanente con foco en la enfermedad provocada por el coronavirus tipo 2 (COVID-19). Método: estudio con enfoque cualitativo, realizado con técnicos de enfermería de una unidad de cuidados intensivos, previa aprobación del Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: se entrevistaron 20 profesionales, sin negativa por parte de los estatutarios, siendo 83% del sexo femenino, con media de edad de 41 años y, en promedio, 17 años de experiencia en enfermería, que necesitaban, en este período crítico, adaptarse a la función de educadores. Conclusión: fue evidente que los técnicos de enfermería tuvieron que replantear sus prácticas debido a las necesidades específicas inherentes a la pandemia. Las actividades de capacitación y calificación profesional tienden a ser realizadas por enfermeros y, en consecuencia, los técnicos de enfermería como público objetivo de estas actividades no son tratados como miembros integrantes del servicio de educación permanente.

Programa de acompanhamento de educadoras de berçário: relato de experiência / Monitoring program for nursery educators: experience report / Programa de monitoreo de educadores de guardería: reporte de experiencia

O presente estudo tem por objetivo apresentar o Programa de Acompanhamento de Educadoras de Berçário - PROACEB e relatar a experiência de sua implementação, baseado em um estudo realizado com 32 educadoras que atendiam bebês. O PROACEB é fundamentado na abordagem de pikleriana e tem como finalidade promover a qualidade das interações educadora-bebê durante os cuidados básicos. Está organizado em módulos, embasados nos três princípios da abordagem pikleriana: 1) atividade autônoma do bebê; 2) organização do ambiente; 3) competências da educadora e o vínculo seguro com o bebê. Evidências dos relatos das educadoras indicam que o PROACEB se mostrou promissor como um programa inicial de formação continuada de educadoras de berçário, uma vez que vai ao encontro das demandas dos bebês e das profissionais.

This study aims to present the Mentoring Program for Nursery Educators - MPNE and to detail its implementation, based on a study carried out with 32 educators who attended to babies. MPNE is based on the Piklerian approach and aims to promote the quality of child-educator interactions during basic care. It is organized into modules, based on three principles of the piklerian approach: 1) autonomous baby activity; 2) organization of the environment; 3) the teacher's skills and the security bond with the baby. Evidence from the educators' speeches indicates that MPNE has shown to be useful as a starting point for addressing important knowledge and skills for a child-educator quality interaction.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar el Programa de Monitoreo de Educadores de Guardería - PROACEB y detallar su implementación, a partir de un estudio realizado con 32 educadores infantiles. El PROACEB se basa en el enfoque Pikleriano y tiene como propósito promover la calidad de las interacciones educadora-infante durante la atención básica. Está organizado en módulos, basados en los tres principios del enfoque pikleriano: 1) actividad autónoma del bebé; 2) organización del ambiente; 3) las habilidades de la educadora y el vínculo seguro con el bebé. La evidencia de los informes de los educadores indica que PROACEB se ha mostrado prometedor como un programa de educación continua inicial para los educadores de guardeías, ya que satisface las demandas de los bebés y de los profesionales.

The Transition towards Virtual Teaching Learning Environment during COVID Pandemic : Medical Educator’s Perspective

Introduction : We are moving towards a technically advanced Medical Education. However, effectiveness of online Teaching, Learning (T/L) remained unknown until COVID-19 pandemic.Aim : This study was planned to assess the perception of e-educators towards online T/L, the challenges and possible solutions during pandemic. Methodology : A mixed method cross-sectional study was conducted among 126 medical educators through online google survey from July to September, 2020 in a Tertiary Heath Care Institute & 2 neighbouring medical college. Result : Non response rate was 32%, 72.2% were males, 63.9% were between 31 to 50 years of age, 58% were having 10 or more years teaching experience. 36.2% were from basic sciences, 69.5% were holding higher academic post. 61% preferred combination of face to face and e-learning Although online classes were helpful in terms of 63.8% convenience, (54%) flexibility, 77.5% felt difficulties teaching and assessing skills domain. The major challenges encountered were technical glitches, no active participation and suggested solutions were technical assistance, formative assessments and use of new T/L, assessment tools. Conclusion : Although the change was negatively perceived, it’s inevitable. Training of faculties, sensitization of students and conducive environment is needed to combat the challenges, to improve the e-education system in health profession.

Concepções e Juízos de Educadores sobre a Educação em Valores Morais / Conceptions and Judgments of Educators on Education in Moral Values / Concepciones y Juicios de Educadores sobre la Educación en Valores Morales

Este estudo se insere nos campos da psicologia da moralidade e da educação em valores morais, especialmente no que concerne às perspectivas construtivistas. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar concepções e juízos de educadores sobre a educação em valores morais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, na qual foram realizadas entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas com 14 profissionais de uma escola pública de ensino fundamental. Em relação às concepções dos participantes, foram verificados conteúdos que se aproximam das posições relativistas. Ademais, grande parte considera que a família é a principal responsável pela formação moral. Na escola não havia projeto específico de educação em valores morais, e a maioria dos participantes afirmou que não se sente apta para conduzir práticas com esse foco. A partir dos resultados, ponderamos que a concepção dos profissionais sobre moral, ética e educação em valores morais parece influenciar a forma como concebem o papel da escola na formação moral dos alunos. Assim, tais resultados indicam que é necessário propor aos educadores, por meio da formação continuada, reflexões sobre tais assuntos, possibilitando mudanças em suas concepções. Partimos do pressuposto de que a referida formação pode contribuir para motivar os profissionais a se envolverem em práticas de educação em valores morais.

This study falls within the fields of psychology of morality and education in moral values, especially regarding the constructivist perspectives. Our aim was to verify the conceptions and judgments of educators about education in moral values. In this qualitative study, we conducted individual semi-structured interviews with 14 professionals from a municipal public primary school. Regarding the participants' conceptions, we found content that draws near relativistic positions. In addition, most of them consider that family is the main responsible for moral formation. In school, there was no specific project of education in moral values, and most of the participants stated that they did not feel able to carry out practices that have this focus. Steaming from the results, we ponder that the professionals' conception of moral, ethics and education in moral values seems to influence the way they regard the role of school in the moral formation of students. Thus, these results indicate that it is necessary to propose to educators, through continuing education, reflections on such subjects, enabling changes in their conceptions. We start from the assumption that this training can contribute to motivate professionals to get involved in educational practices in moral values.

Este estudio se inserta en la psicología de la moralidad y educación en valores morales, especialmente en lo que se refiere a perspectivas constructivistas. El objetivo fue verificar concepciones y juicios de educadores sobre educación en valores morales. Es una investigación cualitativa. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas a 14 profesionales de una escuela primaria púbica. En relación con las concepciones de los participantes, se verificaron contenidos que se aproximan a posiciones relativistas. Además, gran parte considera que la familia es la principal responsable por la formación moral. En la escuela no había un proyecto específico de educación en valores morales; la mayoría de los participantes afirmó que no estaba apta para conducir prácticas con ese enfoque. A partir de los resultados, reflexionamos que la concepción de los profesionales sobre moral, ética y educación en valores morales influye la forma cómo conciben el papel de la escuela en la formación moral de los alumnos. Entonces, estos resultados indican que es necesario proponer a los educadores, por medio de formación continua, reflexiones sobre tales asuntos, para cambiar esas concepciones. Partimos de la suposición de que dicha formación puede contribuir a que los profesionales se involucren en prácticas de educación en valores morales.

The development and implementation of training mode for diabetes educators amid normalization stage of novel coronavirus pandemic prevention and control / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To develop an program for training diabetes educators amid normalization stage of novel coronavirus pandemic prevention and control, and provide reference for clinical teaching under special circumstances.Methods:From January 2020 to June 2021, The head member of Diabetes Education and Management Committee of Hunan Health Management Association Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, developed and implemented a program based on core competencies of diabetes educators. It included 26 online courses, one to one education demonstration video with 7 themes, one diabetes conversation map and simulation, and three-week clinical practice. From April 2021 to June 2021, 55 health workers participated in the program. Theoretical tests, video feedback and questionnaires were used to evaluate the trainees′ diabetes knowledge, educational skills and satisfaction with the training program.Results:A total of 55 health workers participated in the program. All the participants completed the online courses and passed the quizzes, the theoretical examination score was (92.93 ± 5.28). Fifty-four participants finished the tasks of clinical practice and obtained the certificate of diabetes educator. Their communication skills and strategies of behavior change were significantly improved ( χ2 values were 4.17 -26.34, all P<0.05), and all of them were satisfied with the program. Conclusions:The training mode based on online training is flexible, convenient and effective,which is suitable for stage of novel coronavirus pandemic prevention and control.

COVID-19 as an enabler for enhancing online learning and teaching skills for nurse educators at the University of Namibia: Prospects and challenges

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused instability in the education system and has compelled higher education institutions (HEIs) to find alternative ways of teaching and learning by making use of the latest online teaching approaches. Aim: The purpose of the study was to explore how COVID-19 could serve as an enabler for the enhancement of online learning and teaching skills for nurse educators at the University of Namibia with specific emphasis on prospects and challenges. Setting: Semi-structured interviews were conducted in English at a public nursing education institution located in the northeast of Namibia. Methods: A qualitative explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was used. Data were collected by means of in-depth semi-structured interviews with 18 nurse educators from the School of Nursing. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Field notes were simultaneously taken to enrich the data. Results: The study revealed three themes: nurse educators' experiences of the use of online learning and teaching skills, COVID-19 as an enabler for enhancing online learning and teaching skills and strategies to sustain online teaching and learning. Conclusion: Internet technology has generated a surge in demand for web-based teaching and learning. The online learning mode was not effectively utilised during the COVID-19 era because of inadequate technological skills on the part of nurse educators. Contribution: These findings can be used by universities to equip students and academic staff with skills to adapt to e-learning as the new modus operandi in learning and teaching in the post-COVID-19 era.

Educators' Attitudes Towards the Inclusion of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Jordanian Public Schools / Atitudes dos Educadores em Relação à Inclusão de Estudantes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) nas Escolas Públicas Jordanianas

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to examine the attitudes of teachers and school professionals towards the inclusion of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Jordanian schools. Specifically, the study investigates whether the variables of knowledge and training in ASD, educational role, experience in ASD, academic qualification, gender, age, and school level are associated with educators' attitudes towards the inclusion of students with ASD. The descriptive survey method was conducted to examine educators' attitudes and their correlations with the study variables. An electronic survey was completed by 430 participants who were educators at public and private schools in Jordan (including general and special education teachers), school principals, and counselors. The results of the study evidence that Jordanian educators hold neutral attitudes towards the inclusion of students with ASD in Jordanian schools. Further, the study shows that these attitudes are correlated with training and knowledge in ASD. In contrast, educational role, experience, academic qualification, age, gender, or school level are not associated with educators' attitudes. The implications and limitations of the study are discussed.

RESUMO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo examinar as atitudes dos professores e dos profssionais das escolas em relação à inclusão de estudantes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) nas escolas jordanianas. Especificamente, o estudo investiga se as variáveis de conhecimento e formação em TEA, papel educacional, experiência em TEA, qualificação acadêmica, gênero, idade e nível de escolaridade estão associados às atitudes dos educadores em relação à inclusão de estudantes com TEA. O método de pesquisa descritiva foi conduzido para examinar as atitudes dos educadores e suas correlações com as variáveis do estudo. Um questionário online foi respondido por 430 participantes que eram educadores em escolas públicas e privadas na Jordânia (incluindo professores de educação regular e especial), diretores de escolas e conselheiros escolares. Os resultados do estudo evidenciam que os educadores jordanianos têm atitudes neutras em relação à inclusão de alunos com TEA nas escolas jordanianas. Além disso, o estudo mostra que essas atitudes estão correlacionadas com a formação e o conhecimento em TEA. Em contraste, o papel educacional, a experiência, a qualificação acadêmica, a idade, o gênero ou o nível de escolaridade não estão associados às atitudes dos educadores. As implicações e as limitações do estudo são discutidas.

Percepções de educadores e profissionais de saúde sobre interdisciplinaridade no contexto do Programa Saúde na Escola / Percepciones de educadores y profesionales de la salud sobre la interdisciplinaridad en el contexto del Programa Salud en la Escuela / Perceptions of educators and health professionals about interdisciplinarity in the School Health Program context

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar as percepções de profissionais da saúde e da educação para a interdisciplinaridade no trabalho de promoção de saúde na escola, antes e depois da formação sobre autorregulação para o autocuidado e a promoção da saúde. Foi realizado um estudo exploratório e descritivo, de caráter qualitativo, no qual participaram 26 profissionais da saúde e da educação, distribuídos em dois grupos focais antes e dois depois da formação. Para a interpretação dos dados foi utilizada a análise temática. Os participantes perceberam que as ações de saúde nas escolas devem ser realizadas continuamente e de maneira interdisciplinar. Esta investigação destaca que a educação continuada é importante para a sensibilização dos profissionais para a interdisciplinaridade. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las percepciones de profesionales de la salud y educación para la interdisciplinariedad en el trabajo de promoción de la salud en la escuela, antes y después de la formación en la autorregulación para el autocuidado y la promoción de la salud. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo de carácter cualitativo, en el cual 26 profesionales de salud y educación participaron, distribuidos en dos grupos de enfoque antes y dos después de la formación. Para interpretación de datos se utilizó el análisis temático. Los participantes se dieron cuenta de que las acciones de salud en las escuelas deben realizarse continuamente y de forma interdisciplinaria. Esta investigación destaca que la formación continua es importante para la sensibilización de los profesionales en la interdisciplinariedad. (AU)

This study aimed at analyzing the perceptions of health and education professionals about interdisciplinarity in health promotion at school before and after a continuing education program on self-regulation for self-care and health promotion. An exploratory and descriptive qualitative study was conducted with 26 health and education professionals, who participated in two focus groups before the program and two after it. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the data. The participants realized that school health actions must be carried out continuously and in an interdisciplinary manner. This study highlights that continuing education is important for raising awareness of interdisciplinarity among professionals. (AU)

Queixa escolar: uma análise dos encaminhamentos de alunos aos serviços de saúde / School complaint: an analysis of the referrals of students to health services / Queja escolar: un análisis de los encaminamientos de alumnos a los servicios de salud

Fundamentada na perspectiva da psicologia escolar e educacional crítica, a presente pesquisa, realizada em um município baiano, objetivou conhecer as concepções de educadores e psicólogos sobre o encaminhamento das crianças com queixa escolar para serviços de saúde e investigar as modalidades de atendimento a esse fenômeno. De caráter qualitativo e exploratório, foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada, aplicada de forma individual, totalizando 12 participantes, cujas respostas foram organizadas em categorias temáticas relacionadas aos objetivos da pesquisa. Nas entrevistas, prevaleceu a concepção de que questões de ordem educacional e também familiares/sociais justificam os problemas de escolarização das crianças, cujo encaminhamento aos serviços de saúde tem sido a alternativa possível, mas não a ideal para avaliação e intervenção. Espera-se que os referidos achados suscitem novos estudos sobre o tema investigado, especialmente no município em questão, que favoreça o fortalecimento dos pressupostos da psicologia escolar/educacional crítica no meio acadêmico. Ressalta-se ainda a necessidade de fomentar essa discussão de forma intersetorial na rede municipal de educação e saúde, problematizando a compreensão e atendimento às queixas escolares, e que se possam produzir práticas psicológicas e educativas críticas e emancipadoras.

Deemed on the Psychology Schooling and Education perspective, this study was carried out in a city located in Bahia. The Study aimed to understand the conceptions of the Psycologists and Educators about the routing of children with scholar complain to health services and this study also purposed to assess the treatment models related to this phenomenon. From a qualitative and exploratory nature, semi structered interviews were conceded individually with 12 subjects, whose responses were organized into thematical categories related to the objectives of the present research. The data from interviews showed that a comprehension concept about educational and social/family issues justifies the children scholarization problems and the routing to health devices is seen as a possible alternative although this isn't the best evaluation nor intervention. It is expected that the data found here might entail other studies about the problem that was investigated on this paper and it's also expected that this study strenghs the Psychology Schooling and Education assumptions at academic level. It is necessary to emphasize the need to promote this discussion intersectorally in the municipal network, problematizing the understanding and attendance to scholar complain in order to promote, critical and emancipatory pschological practices.

Fundada en la perspectiva de la psicología educativa/escolar crítica, la presente investigación, realizada en una ciudad de Bahia, objetivó conocer las concepciones de educadores y psicólogos sobre el encaminamiento de los niños con queja escolar para servicios de salud e investigar las modalidades de atención a ese fenómeno. De carácter cualitativo y exploratorio, se realizaron encuestas con educadoras y psicólogas, totalizando 12 participantes cuyas respuestas fueron organizadas en categorías temáticas relacionadas a los objetivos de la investigación. En las entrevistas, prevaleció la concepción de que cuestiones de orden educacional y también familiares/sociales justifican los problemas de escolarización de los niños, cuyo encaminamiento a los servicios de salud ha sido la alternativa posible, pero no la ideal para evaluación e intervención. Se espera que estos hallazgos susciten nuevos estudios sobre el tema investigado, especialmente en el municipio en cuestión, que favorezca el fortalecimiento de los presupuestos de la psicología escolar / educativa crítica en el medio académico. Se resalta la necesidad de fomentar esa discusión de forma intersectorial en las escuelas públicas municipales, problematizando la comprensión y atención a las quejas escolares, y que se puedan producir prácticas psicológicas y educativas críticas y emancipadoras.

Investigation on present status and problem analysis of standardized patients and standardized patient educators in China / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the current situation of standardized patient programs and standardized patient educators in China, and to analyze the existing problems in the implementation.Methods:Questionnaire survey was used in this study. The questionnaire was made by Delphi method, and distributed via E-mails or through the internet to medical colleges, affiliated hospitals and general hospitals across the country. Microsoft Office Excel 2016 was used for data reduction and analysis and cartography.Results:A total of 94 medical colleges and hospitals of 27 provinces and municipalities participated in the survey, of which 43.62% had carried out standardized patient programs. The primary factor affecting the program implementation was the lack of standardized patient educators. The existing trainers were mainly clinicians or nurses, and the main way of training the educators was to send them to other universities for learning. A majority of respondents (94.68%) think it is necessary to establish and formulate a unified national certification system for standardized patient educators.Conclusion:The development of standardized patient program is unbalanced in China, and the lack of standardized patient educators has become the primary factor restricting the development. In order to make standardized patients a greater role in medical education, we should encourage different types of personnel to join in the standardized patient training team, to clarify the responsibilities of standardized patient educators, to standardize the process of trainers training, and to establish the certification system of standardized patient educators.

Building the capacity of the next-generation Philippine occupational therapy academic workforce: Insights from an occupational profile study

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background:</strong> Occupational therapy (OT) academic educators are vital in building the workforce and advancing the profession. With the retirement of senior faculty, hiring of new OT faculty members have increased. There have also been changes in national and global policy guidelines in OT education. These changes have brought forth a compelling need to examine the profile of Filipino OT educators. To this date, there has been no formal analysis of the Philippine OT academic education workforce. A study aiming at understanding this profile is important to inform OT educators, administrators, and policymakers on the development of strategic approaches that may address their needs and help build the capacity of this workforce.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objectives:</strong> We aimed to establish an occupational profile of OT educators in the Philippines and to recommend capacity-building strategies for next-generation Filipino OT educators.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Adaptation Process in Academia Questionnaire. OT educators were recruited through their institutional affiliations.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Results:</strong> Ninety (53%) of the estimated 170 educators participated in the study, representing 16 schools with OT programs in the country. The median age is 26 years, majority female, and single. The academic profile shows that the majority have a bachelor's as their highest educational degree, work part-time, hold the instructor rank, nontenured, and have been in academia for 5+ years. Teaching is the primary role, and >50% of the time is spent on teaching tasks. The most frequently experienced challenges are balancing multiple roles and the need to develop competence in research skills. Most effective institutional resources are the availability of teaching resources and orientation programs. Excellent communication between university management and academic staff and the opportunity to participate in decision-making are perceived to be the most useful relationship support. Productivity in teaching is higher than in research and service.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The current OT academic workforce based on this study is young, in the early career stage, and expected to assume many roles, primarily teaching. They are most challenged in balancing multiple roles and how to advance their academic careers. Institutional resources and relationship supports are available but need to be reinforced and accessed. Strategic initiatives to build capacity include the development of communities of practice, increasing research engagement and productivity, increasing access to professional development programs, and faculty development initiatives.</p>

Interações educadora-bebê em creches: um estudo sobre concepções de educadoras infantis / Interactions enseignante-bébé dans les crèches: une étude sur les conceptions d'enseignantes de maternelle / Interacciones entre educadora-bebé en guarderías: un estudio sobre las concepciones de educadoras de la primera infancia / Caregiver-child interactions in daycare centers: a study on the conceptions of early childhood educators

Resumo Este artigo aborda as concepções de educadoras infantis sobre suas atuações com bebês em creches e sobre o desenvolvimento dos bebês nesses contextos. Parte-se da compreensão de que as concepções orientam as práticas profissionais, sendo fundamental compreendê-las para formular estratégias interventivas que potencializem as ações profissionais em creches. Participaram do estudo cinco professoras de educação infantil de creches públicas, as quais responderam a uma entrevista cujo áudio foi gravado e posteriormente transcrito. As respostas das entrevistas foram avaliadas por meio da análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Os resultados revelaram uma dissonância entre as verbalizações das educadoras e o que postulam teóricos do desenvolvimento e os documentos oficiais que norteiam a Educação Infantil brasileira. Diante do exposto, afirmamos a relevância das formações continuadas e sugerimos que elas englobem o desenvolvimento infantil e as interações educador-criança-ambiente, na direção de potencializar esses aspectos e favorecer os processos interativos.

Résumé Cet article traite des conceptions des enseignantes de maternelle sur leur travail avec les bébés dans les crèches et sur le développement des bébés dans ces contextes. Nous nous basons sur la compréhension que les conceptions guident les pratiques professionnelles, étant essentiel de les comprendre pour formuler des stratégies d'intervention qui valorisent les actions professionnelles dans les crèches. Cinq enseignantes de maternelle de crèches publiques ont participé à l'étude. Elles ont répondu à une interview dont l'audio a été enregistré puis transcrit. Les réponses aux questions ont été évaluées à l'aide de l'analyse de contenu de Bardin. Les résultats ont révélé une dissonance entre les verbalisations des enseignantes et ce que postulent les théoriciens du développement et les documents officiels qui guident l'éducation maternelle au Brésil. Face à ce qui précède, on soutient la pertinence de la formation continue et suggère qu'elle comprenne le développement de l'enfant et les interactions enseignantes-enfant-environnement, afin de valoriser ces aspects et de favoriser les processus interactifs.

Resumen Este artículo aborda las concepciones de educadoras de la primera infancia sobre su trabajo con bebés en las guarderías y sobre el desarrollo de los bebés en estos contextos. Se parte de la comprensión de que las concepciones orientan las prácticas profesionales, y es fundamental comprenderlas para formular estrategias de intervención que potencien la actuación profesional en las guarderías. En el estudio participaron cinco profesoras de educación infantil en guarderías públicas, quienes respondieron a una entrevista cuyo audio fue grabado y luego transcrito. El análisis de las entrevistas se realizó mediante el análisis de contenido de Bardin. Los resultados apuntan a disonancia entre las verbalizaciones de las educadoras y lo que plantean los teóricos del desarrollo y los documentos oficiales que orientan la educación infantil en Brasil. De lo anterior, se afirma la relevancia de la formación continua y se sugiere que esta incluya el desarrollo infantil y las interacciones educador-niño-entorno, en el sentido de potenciar estos aspectos y favorecer los procesos interactivos.

Abstract Based on the understanding that conceptions guide professional practices and considering such understanding essential for the formulation of intervention strategies that enhance professional actions, this article addresses the conceptions of childhood educators regarding their work with infants in daycare centers and the development of infants in these contexts. This study was conducted with data collected by interviews conducted with five teachers working in public daycare centers. The audio was recorded and transcribed, and responses were analyzed using Bardin's content analysis procedures. Our results indicate a dissonance between what is said by educators and what is postulated by both development theorists and official documents guiding Brazilian Early Childhood Education. These findings assert the relevance of continued training, including child development and environments of caregiver-child interactions to enhance these aspects and favor interactive processes.

Internato na pandemia Covid-19: a experiência de uma escola médica / Medical internship in the Covid-19 pandemic: the experience of a medical school

Resumo: Introdução: A pandemia da Covid-19 provocou milhares de mortes e levou a incontáveis mudanças na forma de organização de serviços de saúde e nas escolas de Medicina mundo afora. Relato de experiência: Este artigo relata a experiência da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), cujas aulas foram suspensas em função da pandemia. Discussão: Descrevem-se as motivações para a suspensão e os procedimentos para a retomada das aulas do internato, depois de 15 semanas da interrupção. Conclusão: Ressalta-se a importância das decisões coletivas, da comunicação empática, do acolhimento e cuidado com a saúde mental e da parceria com o Hospital das Clínicas na realização de rastreamento para a presença do vírus entre os estudantes. Por fim, destaca-se o aprendizado para o professor ao se defrontar, por um lado, com a impotência diante da morte e do desconhecido, e, por outro, com a potência do cuidado que pode ser oferecido em situação tão singular quanto uma pandemia.

Abstract: Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused thousands of deaths and led to countless changes in the way health services and medical schools are organized around the world. Experience report: This article reports on the experience of the Botucatu Faculty of Medicine, UNESP, located in the interior of the state of São Paulo, where classes were suspended due to the pandemic. Discussion: The reasons for the suspension of internship classes and the procedures for their resumption, after 15 weeks, are described. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of collective decisions, empathic communication, mental health care and attention and the partnership with the Hospital das Clínicas in performing track and trace for presence of the virus among the students. Finally, particular emphasis is given to the learning gained by teachers who found themselves feeling, on the one hand, powerless in the face of death and the unknown and, on the other, the strength of the care that can be offered in a situation as unique as the pandemic.

Narrativas dos educadores sobre a inclusão escolar de estudantes com deficiência na escola regular: indicativos para uma terapia ocupacional no campo da educação / Educators' narratives about school inclusion of students with disabilities in regular schools: indications for occupational therapy in the field of education

A inclusão escolar de estudantes com deficiência em escolas regulares depende de políticas públicas, de um ensino de qualidade, além de possuir um caráter relacional, havendo a necessidade de se considerar o outro em sua complexidade. Por ser relacional, a inclusão escolar produz afetos, como o medo e a alegria, e as esferas micro e macroestruturais, num movimento dialético inclusão/exclusão. As ações de profissionais que atuam no contexto escolar podem tensionar essa relação dialética. Este artigo apresenta resultados parciais de pesquisa qualitativa avaliativo-reflexiva que pretendeu detectar os efeitos da inclusão de estudantes com deficiência no cotidiano escolar. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 5 educadoras de uma escola pública regular da cidade de São Paulo, escolhidas intencionalmente. Os resultados das entrevistas foram analisados segundo método de análise de conteúdo. As dificuldades de entrar em contato com os estudantes com deficiência, tendo o medo como afeto central, dificulta a construção de projetos inclusivos e aumenta o sentimento de solidão e impotência dos educadores. As relações de amizade aumentavam a potência de educadores, diminuíam a solidão, permitindo criar projetos de inclusão escolar. Em um momento de desmonte de políticas públicas pró-inclusão, novas pesquisas sobre o tema fazem-se necessárias.

The school inclusion of students with disabilities in regular schools depends on quality public education, in addition to having a relational character, with the need to consider another education in its complexity. School inclusion produces affections, such as fear and joy, and the micro and macro-structural spheres, in a dialectical inclusion/exclusion movement. The professional actions that work in the context cannot strain this dialectical relationship. This article presents partial results of an evaluative-reflexive qualitative research that intends to detect the functions of the inclusion of students with disabilities in the school routine. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 5 teachers from a regular public school in the city of São Paulo, chosen intentionally. The results of the interviews were analyzed according to the analysis method of analysis. The difficulties of getting in touch with students with disabilities, having fear as the central affection, making it difficult to build inclusive projects and increasing the feeling of loneliness and powerlessness of educators. Friendship relationships increase the capacity of educators, reduce loneliness, allowing the creation of school inclusion projects. At a time of pro-inclusion public policies, new discoveries are being made on the subject