Effective constituents of essential oil from Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis and anti-cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury mechanism: based on GC-MS, network pharmacology, and experimental verification / 中国中药杂志

Based on GC-MS and network pharmacology, the active constituents, potential targets, and mechanism of essential oil from Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis(EOGFA) against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury were explored, and the effective constituents were verified by experiment. To be specific, GC-MS was used identify the constituents of the volatile oil. Secondly, the targets of the constituents and disease were predicted by network pharmacology, and the drug-constituent-target network was constructed, followed by Gene Ontology(GO) term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment of the core targets. Molecular docking was performed to investigate the binding affinity between the active constituents and the targets. Finally, SD rats were used for experimental verification. The I/R injury model was established, and the neurological behavior score, infarct volume, and pathological morphology of brain tissue were measured in each group. The content of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) by Western blot. A total of 22 active constituents and 17 core targets were screened out. The core targets were involved in 56 GO terms and the major KEGG pathways of TNF signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, and sphingolipid signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that the active constituents had high affinity to the targets. The results of animal experiment suggested that EOGFA can alleviate the neurological impairment, decrease the cerebral infarct volume and the content of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and down-regulate the expression of VEGF. The experiment verified the part results of network pharmacology. This study reflects the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics of EOGFA. The mechanism of its active constituents is related to TNF and VEGF pathways, which provides a new direction for in-depth research on and secondary development of Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis.

Simultaneous determination of 35 constituents and elucidation of effective constituents in a multi-herb Chinese medicine formula Xiaoer-Feire-Kechuan / 药物分析学报

Xiaoer-Feire-Kechuan (XFK) is an 11-herb Chinese medicine formula to treat cough and pulmonary inflammation.The complicated composition rendered its chemical analysis and effective-component elucidation.In this study,we combined quantitative analysis and bioactivity test to reveal the anti-inflammatory constituents of XFK.First,UPLC-DAD and UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap-MS methods were estab-lished and validated to quantify 35 analytes (covering 9 out of 11 herbs) in different XFK formulations.Parallel reaction monitoring mode built in Q-Orbitrap-MS was used to improve the sensitivity and selectivity.Then,anti-inflammatory activities of the 35 analytes were analyzed using in vitro COX-2 inhibition assay.Finally,major analytes forsythosides H,I,A (8-10),and baicalin (15) (total contents varied from 21.79 to 91.20 mg/dose in different formulations) with significant activities (inhibitory rate ≥ 80％) were proposed as the anti-inflammatory constituents of XFK.The present study provided an effective strategy to discover effective constituents of multi-herb formulas.

Anti-inflammatory mechanism of main constituents in essential oil from schizonepeta tenuifolia briq. based on network pharmacology / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the main components and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of essential oil from Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. based on network pharmacology. Methods TCMSP and SwissTargetPrediction were utilized to obtain the corresponding targets of molecules, and the active components were screened. The molecular-target network was constructed. Then, protein-protein interaction analysis, GO analysis, and KEGG pathway analysis were performed. Finally, mo-lecular docking by SystemsDock was combined with previous literature. Results According to the results of network analysis, 13 main components corresponding to 45 targets were screened out. IL6, TNF, ILip, IL10, PTGS2, PTGS1, CHRMi, and CHRNA7 were important inflammatory targets through NF-kB and IL-17 signaling pathway. Biological processes such as response to drug, 7-aminobutyric acid pathway, and molecular functions such as extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity, GABA-A receptor activity play a role in inflammation related to alcohol consumption, type 2 diabetes, psychiatric disorders, enteropathy, lung diseases, etc. 8,9-dehydrothymol, benzaldehyde, caryo-phyllene, a-humulene, D-germacrene, and pulegone were important anti-inflammatory components, exerting significant effects on CHRNA7, PTGS2 and PTGS1. Conclusion This method initially reveals the effective components and potential targets of essential oil from Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.

Research Progress in the Effects of Effective Constituents in Herba Cistanche on Functions of Nervous System / 中国中医药信息杂志

Herba Cistanche includes a variety of chemical constituents, such as phenylethanoid glycosides, iridoid glycosides and so on. Its effective constituents can inhibit the neuronal apoptosis, reduce ischemic brain injury, treat Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, vascular dementia, and improve the function of learning and memory. Its effective constituents play an important role in nervous system, which has received more and more attention of scholars both at home and abroad. This article reviewed the effects of effective constituents in Herba Cistanche on nervous system.

Research Progress in Effective Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Gardenia Jasminoides / 中国药师

Traditional Chinese medicineZhizi is the dry ripe fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, which belongs to the family of Rubiaceae. The main effective constituents of gardenia include iridoid, gardenia yellow pigment and organic acid. Modern pharmaco-logical studies showed that the main pharmacological effects of gardenia included anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects, liver protection, cholagogue, antilipidemic effect, antithrombus, nerve protection and anti-Alzheimer' s disease. In this paper, the ef-fective constituents and pharmacological effects of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis were reviewed to provide available information for further research.

A Review on the Application and Approved Projects of National Natural Science Funds in the Research Field of Effective Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2013 / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Editor's note: The research on effective constituents of traditional Chinese medicine is one of the crucial areas of basic research of traditional Chinese medicine. It is also a research hotspot which gains widespread attention and active application of projects of national natural science funds in the discipline of traditional Chinese medicine. In 2013, the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinese traditional medicine in the application code H2803 in the research field of effective constituents of traditional Chinese medicine , the direction of gener-al project , Youth Science Foundation and the regional Science Foundation project application 449 , which accept-ed 425 . In this paper , the general situation of the application and approved projects of national natural science funds in the research field of effective constituents of traditional Chinese medicine in 2013 has been introduced. The research strategies and plans of the approved projects have been summarized , and the problems of the ap-plications have been also analyzed .

Recent Methods and Strategies for in vivo Metabolic Study of Traditional Chinese Medicines / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) contains a big array of chemical constituents. These constituents un-dergo various metabolic reactions to produce complex in v iv o metabolites. Identification and distribution of these metabolites are important to reveal the effective constituents from a complex formulation. Recently, developments had been made to elucidate the complex metabolic process. In this review, we summarized the methods and strategies developed for TCM metabolism. Application of these metabolic results has also been discussed.

Study on adscription of plasma effective constituents of Beagle dogs after administrated with the extract of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb / 中华中医药杂志

Objective: To investigate the plasma effective constituents of Beagle dogs after oral administration with the extract of Polygonum multiflorum thunb. Methods: Based on the established HPLC fingerprints, comparison was carried out among the blank plasma, plasma containing drug, Polygonum multiflorum thunb. Simultaneously, the retention time and UV spectrogram were utilized as index to evaluate the relation among the fingerprint peaks so as to confirm the original of peaks. Result: Fourteen components were detected after oral administration. Four of them were the original components existed in Polygonum multiflorum thunb and ten of them were metabolites. Conclusion: Studying on the constituents and metabolites in plasma is useful to research the effective substances of Chinese medicine of Polygonum multiflorum thunb in vivo.

Study on adscription of plasma effective constituents of rat after administrated with alkaloid fraction of Nelumbo nucifera / 中华中医药杂志

Objective: To study the adscription of plasma effective constituents of rat after oral administration of alkaloid fraction of Nelumbo nucifera.Methods: Based on the established HPLC analytical method of plasma effective constituents,analysis and comparison were carried out among HPLC profi les of plasma samples obtained after oral administration of alkaloid fraction of Nelumbo nucifera,blank plasma,alkaloid fraction of Nelumbo nucifera.Results: Sixteen compounds were detected under the method,three of them were architypes of compound contained in alkaloid fraction of Nelumbo nucifera,and the others were metabolites.Through the comparison of the UV spectra,seven metabolites remain essential structure because the max wavelength was same to the architypes’,the other six metabolites’ structure changed greatly.Conclusion: Through the study of the adscription of plasma effective constituents of rat after oral administration of alkaloid fraction of Nelumbo nucifera,the structure of metabolites can be conjectured,which may be helpful to study the ADME and mechanism of action.

Study on the Effective Constituents with Estrogenic Action in Fructus Psoraleae / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To screen out the effective constituents with estrogenic action in Fructus psoraleae. Methods Fructus psoraleae was separated by using systemic solvent distillation method, and the effective fraction was screened out by the experiment of increasing the uterine weight in mice. Then the petroleum fraction was separated by sil; ca gel chromatrography and the effective constituent was screened by the experiment of increasing the uterine weight in mice. Results High-dose(5g/kg) of the petroleum fraction showed obvious estrogenic action (P

IR characteristic analysis of the effective constituents in Huangjinju Powder Injection / 中成药

AIM: To study the FT-IR fingerprinting characteristic of Huangjinju Powder Injection(HJJ)(Flos Trollii chinensis,Flos chrysanthemi indici,Flos Lonicerae Japonicae) and its effective constituents.METHODS: We adopt FT-IR and the second order derivative FT-IR,analysis by the related ratio,and then describe its mass characteristic by its crude drugs and the effective constituents. RESULTS: HJJ has fifteen peaks that are in turn,3735,2931,1664,1614,1450,1408,1360,1291,1191,1067,915,768,687,597 and 417 cm~(-1).Its special peak in the second order derivative is 1416 cm~(-1).The characteristics of the constituents of its crude drug that Flos Trollii Chinensis has 2926 and 1609 cm~(-1),Flos Chrysanthemi Indici has 1660 and 1609 cm~(-1) and Flos Lonicerae Japonicae has 767.The effective constituents that Baicalin owns 1664,1614,1450,1408,1067,915,768,687,597 and 417 cm~(-1),Orientin owns 2931,1614,1291 and 1191 cm~(-1),Vitexin owns 1614,1360,1067 and 597,Linarin owns 1450,1067 and 597 cm~(-1),Chlorogenic acid owns 1614,1291 and 1191 cm~(-1),Caffeic acid owns 1450 and 1360,and Hyperin owns 1360 and 1291. CONCLUSION: The effective constituents of FT-IR can be used in evaluating the mass of Huangjinju Powder Injection and reflect the key characteristic of its essence.It owns the obvious characteristics and specificity.

Determination of five effective constituents in Compound Xinnaokang Soft Capsules by HPLC-DAD / 中成药

Objective: To establish the method of simultaneous determination of five effective constituents tanshinose Ⅱ A、danshensu、protcate-chualdehyde、puerarin and ferulic acid. Methods: After ultrasonic extraction, HPLC-DAD were used to determine the effective constituents on Zorbax SB-C 8 column with acetonitrile and pH3.0 water(adjusted with H 3PO 4) as a mobile phase. Under the gradient timetable the percent of acetonitrile increased from 5% to 72.5% in 45 min. The flow rate was 1.5mL?min -1 , Five constituents were detected at the most suitable detection wavelength. Results: The average recovery of the five effective constituents is within the range of 100.1%～106.9%(n=3), The test of the accuracy within one day shows that the RSD is less than 2.2%, and the RSD among days less than 2.8%(n=3). The test solution is stable in 10h. Conclusion: The method is accurate, simple, quick, and can be used for determining simultaneously the content of the five effective constituents in Compound Xinnaokang Soft Capsules