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Objective:To survey and analyze the current status and needs of health management for hypertension in empty-nest elderly.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 677 cases of empty-nest elderly with hypertension who underwent health checkups at the Health Management Center of Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital from March 1st to June 30th, 2022 were selected consecutively by convenience sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey. The questionnaires included general demographic information, and the current status and needs of health management for hypertension. A total of 677 questionnaires were distributed, and all the questionnaires were recalled, of which 675 (99.7%) were valid. According to the Classification and Definition of Blood Pressure Levels in the Guidelines for Primary Care of Hypertension (2019) the elderly with mean systolic blood pressure controlled between 90 and 139 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and mean diastolic blood pressure controlled between 60 and 89 mmHg were set as normal blood pressure group (257 cases), and the ones with mean systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or mean diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg were set as abnormal blood pressure group (418 cases). The current management status and needs of hypertension between the two groups was compared, and the χ2 test and multi-factor logistic regression were used to analyze the factors influencing the health management level of hypertension among empty-nest elderly. Results:Most of the empty-nest elderly had their blood pressure monitored once a week (40.30%), most of them had their blood pressure reviewed in outpatient setting for no more than one time per year (40.89%), their blood pressure was mainly controlled by medication (48.30%), more than half of them took medication very regularly (51.84%), and the proportion of the elderly with abnormal blood pressure was much higher than that of those with normal blood pressure (61.93% vs 38.07%). Compared with living with or nearby their children, empty-nest elderly preferred to live alone or with their spouses (63.11% vs 15.85% and 21.04%), and the proportion of those who wanted to be taken care of by their children was much lower than those who wanted to be taken care of by the community and mutual care among the elderly (7.70% vs 58.07% and 34.22%); and the people they wanted to talk to were mainly their children (53.19%). In terms of community services, the needs for medical services in empty-nest elderly was higher than the needs for old-age security and cultural entertainment (43.11% vs 36.15% and 20.74%), and the needs for community medical services was focused on blood pressure measurement (89.04%). The proportions of education level of college and above, high household income, regular medication taking, daily blood pressure monitoring, and desire for frequent child care were significantly lower in the abnormal blood pressure group than those in the normal blood pressure group (34.91% vs 58.35%, 5.17% vs 24.16%, 34.89% vs 63.72%, 28.47% vs 44.75%, and 3.35% vs 10.12%), and the proportion without medical insurance was significantly higher than that in the normotensive group (8.13% vs 3.11%) (all P<0.05). The presence of medical insurance (employee medical insurance, OR=1.986, 95% CI: 1.130-3.492; resident medical insurance, OR=1.291, 95% CI: 1.044-1.598) was positively associated with the health management level of hypertension among empty-nest elderly, while low frequency of blood pressure monitoring (once a week, OR=0.243, 95% CI: 0.101-0.583;≤once a month, OR=0.210, 95% CI: 0.067-0.661) and irregular medication taking (occasionally forget, OR=0.430, 95% CI: 0.186-0.996; often forget, OR=0.361, 95% CI: 0.147-0.886) were negatively associated with the health management level of hypertension among empty-nest elderly (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The health management level of hypertension in empty-nest elderly needs to be improved. Community care, medical services and communication with children are the main needs in the empty-nest elderly. The type of medical insurance, frequency of blood pressure monitoring and medication-taking status are correlated with the hypertension management level in empty-nest elderly.
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Objective To explore the needs of community pharmacy services in elderly hypertensive patients in the community, especially empty-nest elderly patients. Methods Elderly hypertensive patients living in Ouyang street were randomly selected and divided into empty-nest and non-empty-nest groups by cluster random sampling method. The basic information of the respondents, the frequency of hypertension monitoring, the taking of hypertensive drugs, and the taking of other drugs were compared and analyzed. Results In term of “blood pressure monitoring frequency”, the daily pressure measurement of the empty-nest group and the non-empty-nest group accounted for 33.6% and 19.3%, respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).In term of “the varieties of hypertension drugs” and taking 3 kinds of hypertension drugs at the same times, the empty-nest group accounted for 28.8% and the non-empty-nest group accounted for 16.7%, and the difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.05)；In term of “the varieties of drugs” and taking 1-2 kinds of Chinese patent drugs at the same time, the empty-nest group accounted for 39.6% and the non-empty-nest group accounted for 26.0% , and the difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.05)。Conclusion Community elderly patients with hypertension, especially empty-nest elderly patients have an urgent need for community pharmacy services，Community pharmacy services personnel should provide personalized and targeted medication education and guidance to elderly patients, especially empty-nest elderly patients, to promote the rational drug use in elderly patients.
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Objective:To explore the mediating effects of resilience and depression on the relationship between social support and self-neglect.Methods:From July to October 2020, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 549 empty-nest community-dwelling elderly in the community using the social support rating scale, Connor and Davidson resilience scale, geriatric depression scale and elderly self-neglect scale. SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used for data analysis, including descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and structural equation modeling.Results:The scores of social support, resilience and self-neglect of the empty-nest elderly were (38.63±7.47), (64.30±14.57) and (3.72±2.67) respectively, and 31.70% (174/549) of the subjects had depressive symptoms. The score of self-neglect was negatively correlated with the score of social support ( r=-0.597, P<0.01) and resilience ( r=-0.557, P<0.01), and positively correlated with depression score ( r=0.675, P<0.01). The score of social support was positively correlated with resilience score ( r=0.531, P<0.01) and negatively correlated with depression ( r=-0.597, P<0.01). Social support could affect self-neglect directly ( β=-0.485, P<0.05), and it could also influence self-neglect indirectly through the partial mediating effect of resilience ( β=-0.451, P<0.05). The mediating effect of resilience and depression accounted for 12.18% and 36.00% of the total effects respectively. Conclusion:Social support could influence self-neglect directly or indirectly through resilience and depression. The empty-nesters should be encouraged to participate more in social activities so as to improve their resilience, reduce the occurrence of self-neglect.
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Objective To explore the effect of continuing nursing intervention with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) characteristics on mental state and quality of life of empty nest elderly patients with hypertension, and to provide evidence-based theoretical basis for the development of continuing nursing care for empty nest elderly patients with hypertension. Methods Totally 100 cases of empty nest elderly patients with hypertension were randomly divided into study group and control group by random number method, 50 cases in each group; two groups of patients were given regular nursing according to doctor's instructions to adjust blood pressure drugs and hypertension; control group patients were given routine continuing nursing intervention after discharge; study group patients were given traditional Chinese medicine characteristics on the basis of the control group. Sustained nursing intervention; Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was used to measure the degree of anxiety at admission, discharge and 6 months after discharge. The rate of blood pressure control reaching the standard at admission, discharge and 6 months after discharge and the clinical effect at discharge and 6 months after discharge were compared between the two groups. SF-36 was used to assess the quality of life of the 2 groups at admission, at the time of discharge and 6 months after discharge. Results There was no significant difference in SAS scores between the two groups at admission and discharge (P>0.05). The SAS score in the study group at 6 months after discharge was (44.65 ± 4.32) points and (46.91 ± 4.56) points in the control group, and there was significant difference (t=2.544, P=0.006). There was no significant difference in the control rates of systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the two groups at admission and discharge (P>0.05). The control rates of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the study group were better than those in the control group at 6 months after discharge (t=4.762,4.336, P = 0.029, 0.037); there was no significant difference in the clinical efficacy between the two groups at discharge (P>0.05), and the clinical efficacy of the study group at 6 months after discharge was better than that of the control group (u=1.997, P=0.046). There was no significant difference in the scores of SF-36 at discharge (P>0.05); the scores of SF-36 at discharge for 6 months in the study group were significantly better than those in the control group (t=4.875-8.975, P=0.000); no cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events occurred in the study group for 6 months, 4 cases of unstable angina pectoris and 4 cases of cerebral infarction occurred in the control group. In 2 cases, the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events was 12.00% (6/50). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=4.433, P=0.035). Conclusion Continuous nursing intervention with TCM characteristics can significantly improve the anxiety level of empty nest elderly patients with hypertension, is conducive to the control of blood pressure, improve the clinical efficacy, reduce the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, improve the quality of life of patients, and has the advantages of simplicity, safety and reliability, low cost, and so on. It is worth popularizing and applying.
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Objective@#To explore the effect of continuing nursing intervention with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) characteristics on mental state and quality of life of empty nest elderly patients with hypertension, and to provide evidence-based theoretical basis for the development of continuing nursing care for empty nest elderly patients with hypertension.@*Methods@#Totally 100 cases of empty nest elderly patients with hypertension were randomly divided into study group and control group by random number method, 50 cases in each group; two groups of patients were given regular nursing according to doctor's instructions to adjust blood pressure drugs and hypertension; control group patients were given routine continuing nursing intervention after discharge; study group patients were given traditional Chinese medicine characteristics on the basis of the control group. Sustained nursing intervention; Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was used to measure the degree of anxiety at admission, discharge and 6 months after discharge. The rate of blood pressure control reaching the standard at admission, discharge and 6 months after discharge and the clinical effect at discharge and 6 months after discharge were compared between the two groups. SF-36 was used to assess the quality of life of the 2 groups at admission, at the time of discharge and 6 months after discharge.@*Results@#There was no significant difference in SAS scores between the two groups at admission and discharge (P>0.05). The SAS score in the study group at 6 months after discharge was (44.65 ± 4.32) points and (46.91 ± 4.56) points in the control group, and there was significant difference (t=2.544, P=0.006). There was no significant difference in the control rates of systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the two groups at admission and discharge (P>0.05). The control rates of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the study group were better than those in the control group at 6 months after discharge (t=4.762,4.336, P = 0.029, 0.037); there was no significant difference in the clinical efficacy between the two groups at discharge (P>0.05), and the clinical efficacy of the study group at 6 months after discharge was better than that of the control group (u=1.997, P=0.046). There was no significant difference in the scores of SF-36 at discharge (P>0.05); the scores of SF-36 at discharge for 6 months in the study group were significantly better than those in the control group (t=4.875-8.975, P=0.000); no cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events occurred in the study group for 6 months, 4 cases of unstable angina pectoris and 4 cases of cerebral infarction occurred in the control group. In 2 cases, the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events was 12.00% (6/50). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=4.433, P=0.035).@*Conclusion@#Continuous nursing intervention with TCM characteristics can significantly improve the anxiety level of empty nest elderly patients with hypertension, is conducive to the control of blood pressure, improve the clinical efficacy, reduce the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, improve the quality of life of patients, and has the advantages of simplicity, safety and reliability, low cost, and so on. It is worth popularizing and applying.
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Objective To clarify the depression status of empty-nest elderly in Shanxi Province, to explore the related influencing factors by structural equation model, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and intervention of depression for empty nesters. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 4 901 empty-nest elderly in Shanxi Province by self-rating depression scale and general situation questionnaire, and the model was established. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms among empty nesters in Shanxi Province was 64.21%. The model demonstrated that health status had a direct impact on depressive symptoms (P=0.028), the total effect was -0.978; the effect of economic status on depressive symptoms was 0.086 (P=0.030), and social function had no significant impact on depressive symptoms (P=0.173), which could affect depressive symptoms through affecting health status and economic status. There was a significant correlation between the three latent variables (P<0.05). Health status had the strongest correlation with social function (r=0.942), followed by economic status (r=0.718), and the correlation between social function and economic status was 0.683. Conclusions In this research, most of the empty-nest elderly suffer from depressive symptoms. Health status is the most direct and important influencing factor of depressive symptoms in empty nesters. Social function affects depressive symptoms through influencing health status and economic status.
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Objective To explore the sense of coherence in female empty nest elderly and its influence on health self-management skill. Methods There were 124 female empty nest elderly collected from 2 communities in Beilun and Jiangbei District by convenience sampling between April and October 2017. The basic data questionnaire, Sense of Coherence-13 and Health Self-management Skill Scale for Adults were used to collect data. Results The score of sense of coherence was 57.64 ± 11.35, which was in the low level. The score of health self-management skill was 125.64±20.22, with the highest score in self-management cognition, lowest score in self-management behavior. The sense of coherence and comorbidity can influence the self-management behavior. The educational level, comorbidity and religion can influence the self-management cognition. The sense of coherence and live alone or not can influence the self-management environment. Conclusions Community workers should pay attention to the management of female empty nest elderly, expand their social contact, encourage and guide them to use all kinds of social resources to face the difficulties, improve the data for the elderly living alone, establish periodic condolences and follow-up system, and improve the health self-management skills.
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Objective To learn the effects on improving mental anxiety and depression in empty-nest elderly with hip replacement by accompany care work, and the factors influencing psychological anxiety and depression after hip replacement in empty-nest eldly. Then to explore comprehensive nursing strategies for hip arthroplasty in empty-nest eldly. Methods We investigated empty-nest elderly with hip arthroplasty by using homemade questionnaire, SAS and SDS scale between november 2015 and october 2017. Different nursing methods were used to treat empty-nesters in different groups, and the influencing factors of anxiety and depression were analyzed.Results It is not statistically significant in demographic characteristics (χ2＜3.84, P＞0.05) and anxiety (t = 1.2037, P=0.2308) and depression (t =1.0094, P=0.3142) at the time of entering the hospital, etc. Patients anxiety is statistically significant at time of discharge (t =-5.0159, P≤0.001) and one month after discharge (t =-9.5160, P ＜ 0.001), Patients depression is statistically significant at time of discharge (t =-2.9271, P = 0.0039) and one month after discharge (t =-8.2383, P＜0.001).The factors causing anxiety is nursing mode, number of chronic diseases and postoperative complications. The factors causing depression are economic income, nursing mode, and number of chronic diseases.Conclusion Accompany care work can improve the problems of anxiety and depression in an empty-nest eldly man after hip replacement. It is related to anxiety in nursing patterns, chronic diseases, postoperative complications.Meanhiwle while depression is related to economic income, nursing patterns, and types of chronic diseases, etc.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between depression and personality and social support of the urban and rural empty-nest, clear the influence factors of depression in the empty-nest elderly. Methods 398 cases of urban and rural empty-nesters selected from the Chifeng district, were valuated with the general information questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Eysenck personality Questionnaire- Revised Short Scalr for Chinese (EPQ-RSC) and the Social Support Scale (SSRS), and to investigate the demographic data, depression, personality and social support. Results Rural cases had a higher level (14.41±3.09) points of depression than (12.90±2.64) points of urban cases, and the difference was statistically significant (t=5.254, P<0.01);rural empty nesters′subjective support (18.35 ± 2.14) points, objective support (6.37 ± 1.40) points, support utilization degree (6.01 ± 1.17) points and social support score (30.37 ± 4.24) points, were lower than (19.83 ± 2.27) points, (7.34 ± 1.13) points, (6.95 ± 1.12) points, (34.12 ± 3.73) points of urban′s, and the difference was statistically significant (t=6.673-8.490, P<0.01); the extraversion score of urban empty nesters was (7.58 ± 2.51) points which was higher than (6.37 ± 2.02) points of rural empty nesters, and the difference was statistically significant (t=5.273, P<0.01);the neuroticism score (10.38 ± 2.06) points and psychoticism score (9.42 ± 2.17) points of urban empty-nest were lower than (12.41 ± 2.25) points, (10.94 ± 2.10) points of empty-nest′s, and the difference was statistically significant (t=9.401, 7.107, P<0.01). Neuroticism and psychoticism was shown to be positively associated with depression while extraversion and social support to be negatively associated with depression (P<0.01). Regression analysis showed that marital status, income, children visit frequency and the education level were the main influencing factors of depression in the urban and rural empty-nesters. Conclusions There are differences between rural and urban empty-nest elderly in the aspect of general data, depression status, personality and social support, and should intervention them effectively according to their different characteristics.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for better carrying out safe medication intervention for the empty-nest elderly.METHODS:Two communities with different levels of income and culture were collected from Pudong New District of Shanghai,i.e.new community A and traditional community B.By cluster sampling,69 and 110 empty-nest elderly were selected as respondents respectively.The questionnaire survey about drug storage and medication habits of the elderly was conducted.The data of the survey were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:A total of 69 and 110 questionnaires were sent out,and 44 and 63 questionnaires were recovered with effective recovery rate of 63.8％ and 57.3％,respectively.The rate of drug storage in families from traditional community B was higher than new community A (100％ vs.88.6％,P=0.010).The proportions of residents in two communities storing their drugs in special drawers were the highest (59.0％ and 57.1％).Nearly half of the surveyed households in 2 communities did not form the habit of regularly clearing stored drugs.The frequency of residents who cleared stored drugs in traditional community B was higher than those in new community A (P=0.009).Nearly more than 70％ of the residents threw their expired drugs to garbage and only 11％ to drug stores or community health service center.The proportion of residents who were used to reading drug instructions in new community A was higher than traditional community B (95.5％ vs.77.8％,P=0.024).The proportion of the residents consulted community doctors when they were puzzled by drug use in new community A was lower than traditional community B (56.8％ vs.76.2％);The proportion of the residents consulted physicians in major hospitals was higher than traditional community B (34.1％ vs.9.5 ％);there was statistical significance (P=0.034).The most popular health service for the residents in the new community A was the hotline for the drug use (65.9％),while the residents in traditional community B needed blood pressure and sugar monitoring service and set up the health records (41.3％).The proportion of the residents' following demands in new community A was higher than traditional community B:opening drug use hotline,publicizing the knowledge of diseases and medication and conducting lectures (P＜0.001,P=0.006,P=0.018).CONCLUSIONS:The proportion of drug storage in empty-nest families of two communities is in very high level,but drug storage methods,cleaning frequency are not satisfactory.There are still a small number of elderly people who do not have the habit of reading drug instructions.There are some differences between the old and new communities.At the same time,the needs of health services in new and old communities are different.
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Objective To investigate health-related quality of life of the empty-nest elderly in Hangzhou and its influencing factors.Methods A total of 1000 empty-nest elderly were selected to participate the questionaire survey, using a stratified cluster sampling method,and the five-dimensional European quality of health scale(EQ-5D)was used to measure the health status of the empty-nest elderly. Chi square test and univariate ANOVA analysis were used to identify potential influencing factors.Results A total of 992 participants were involved in this study. The proportions of participants who had difficulties or problems in mobility,self-care,usual activities,pain/discomfort,and anxiety/depression were 16.13%,11.09%,19.76%,48.49% and 29.84% respectively. In terms of usual activities, pain/discomfort,and anxiety/depression,the proportions of empty-nest elderly who had difficulties or problems in those three dimensions were significantly higher in urban areas than in rural areas(P<0.05). The range of EQ-5D utility value was -0.11 to 0.85,with an average value of 0.75±0.13. The study showed that the elderly without chronic diseases, tending to pour out their feelings or ask for help when they were in trouble,participating activities held by political parties or communities,with lower personal incomes,and depending on children to support their life after retirement were more likely to have higher EQ-5D utility values(all P<0.01).Conclusion The health-related quality of life of empty-nest elderly in Hangzhou is at a low level,and is influenced by several soci-demographic factors. Encouraging the elderly to ask for help,improving the management of chronic diseases and providing more social supports could improve the health-related quality of life of the elderly.
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Objective To learn the pension willingness and influencing factors of empty-nest elderly in Hangzhou City. Methods A total of 1000 empty-nest elderly in Hangzhou, taking a formal hosusehold registration, living≥1 year, age≥ 65 years old, were selected from two urban districts and three suburbs by multi-stage simple random sampling, and were surveyed with questionnaires. The data was analyzed by logistic regression model to study the influencing factors of pension willingness. Results A total of 992 valid questionnaires were collected and the effective rate was 99.20%. There were 407 (41.03%) , 365 (36.79%) , 208 (20.97%) and 12 (1.21%) people in the 992 empty-nest elderly, choosing their children's support, social pension insurance, personal pension and other old-age methods. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, the empty-nest elderly who worried about pension costs (OR=3.007, 95%CI:1.751-5.155), and the greatest wish was physical health (OR=4.404, 95%CI:1.461-13.276), family harmony (OR=7.724, 95% CI: 2.158-27.646), children work smoothly (OR=4.811, 95%CI: 1.203-19.246) . The lower health score (OR=0.982, 95% CI: 0.965-0.999), choosing their children's support as their pension willingness were relatively high, and the empty-nest elderly who worried about pension costs (OR=2.058, 95%CI: 1.267-3.344), the original occupation for the staff (OR=2.353, 95% CI: 1.091-5.078) , city household registration (OR=0.546, 95% CI:0.349-0.856) . The lower the health score (OR=0.979, 95%CI: 0.966-0.993) choose social pension insurance as their pension willingness would be relatively high pension. Conclusion The influencing factors of the pension willingness of the empty-nest elderly were worried about pension costs, the greatest wish, and health status, urban and rural household registration.
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Objective To determine the status of self-efficacy and self-care agency of the empty nest elderly patients in the community,and analyze their correlation. Methods A total of 320 empty nest elderly with chronic disease in Fushun, Liaoning Province. The General Information Questionnaire, Exercise of Self-Care Agency scale (ESCA) and the Chronic Disease Self-efficacy Scale were used to investigate the empty nest elderly with chronic disease in the community and analyze the present situation level of the self-care agency and the self-efficacy and the correlation between them. Results General data showed no significant difference between solitary empty-nest elderly and connubial empty-nest elderly (P>0.05). Solitary empty-nest elderly got (93.36 ± 13.49) points and (5.22 ± 0.62) points in ESCA and the Chronic Disease Self-efficacy Scale,which were lower than (98.10±11.34) points and (5.32±0.30) points of connubial empty-nest elderly, the difference was statistically significant (t=-0.866,-0.467, P<0.05). There was significantly positive correlation between self-efficacy and self-care agency (r=0.318, P<0.01). Conclusions There is positive correlation between self-efficacy and self-care agency. It is suggested to implement community-based nursing interventions to enhance their self-efficacy and to promote their self-care agency,there by to improve their quality of life .
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Objective To analyze the characteristics of resilience among empty-nest elderly in community with exploratory latent class analysis method and provide a basis for making targeted intervention measures according to different characteristics.Methods This study enrolled 203 empty-nest elderly people as the study respondents.The general information,resilience of empty-nest elderly were investigated using the general information questionnaire,Connor-Davidson resilience scale in Chinese version.Latent class analyze (Mplus 7.0) was used to discuss the characteristics of resilience among empty-nest elderly.Results The results showed that the resilience of empty-nest elderly had obvious group characteristics and the statistical indicators(AIC,BIC,Entropy and so on) can support the three categories of potential model(P=0.006).Based on the conditional probability on the various items of the questionnaire in each category,they were respectively named high resilience group (54 cases (26.6％)) and low pressure resilience group (82 cases (40.4％)) and low resilience group(67 cases (33.0％)).Further study showed that high resilience and low resilience group had a significant effect of age (P＜0.05),low pressure resilience and low resilience group had a significant effect of gender(P＜0.05).Conclusion The resilience of empty-nest elderly in communities can be divided into three categories according to its characteristics.Each category has different proportion of gender and age.
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Objective To compare the differences in the use of effects of improved and traditional abdominal positioning locator card in the empty nest elderly diabetic patients with insulin pen injection. Methods 100 discharged cases of empty nest elderly diabetic patients with insulin treated were enrolled. They were divided into two groups by random digital table method, 50 cases in traditional positioning card injection group and 50 cases in improved positioning card injection group. Usage rate of two sets of locator cart, adverse reactions in local skin injection and blood glucose control were observed for 12 months. Results After 12 months, 44 cases occupied 88%in improved positioning card injection group were not about using positioning card while 30 cases occupied 60%in traditional positioning card injection group. The difference was statistical significance (P<0.05). After 12 months, only 3 cases in improved positioning card injection group appeared local injection site reactions which was significantly lower than 31 cases in the traditional positioning card injection group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);12 months later, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 hour postprandial blood glucose (2 h PBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c) of improved positioning card injection group and traditional positioning card injection group [(7.0 ±1.5) mmol/L and(7.8±1.9)mmol/L,(10.7±2.1)mmol/L and(12.3±2.2)mmol/L,(7.1±1.3)% and(7.7±1.5)%] were all decreased significantly than before. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). FBG,2 h PBG, HbA1c of improved positioning card injection group were decreased more significantly than that in traditional positioning card injection group and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The standard rate of HbA1c [64% (32/50)] in improved positioning card injection group was higher than that in traditional positioning card injection group [42%(21/50)]. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions The modified abdominal injection locator card can improve patients′positioning card usage rate, optimize insulin injection technique, reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions in local skin injection and improve the control of blood glucose.
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Objective To survey the living quality of the rural empty nest elderly in Guizhou Province,and to provide basic information for further study of how to improve the living conditions of empty nest elderly.Method Using Multi -stage stratified cluster sampling method to extract the 30 villages,which respectively surveyed 10 to 15 people of the elderly subjects who aged over 60,A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate and collected the relevant's information, the living condition of the empty nest elderly and the non-empty-nest old people was compared,and the related factors which might affect the living quality of the empty nest elderly was analysed.Results Finally 341 rural elderly were recruited,of which empty nest elderly accounted for 63. 05%,In the survey of empty nest elderly,only 22. 33%consider themselves healthy,Lower than the non -empty -nest old people's proportion of 38. 89% (P <0. 05 ).The ratio of children visitation,comfortably fixed for money,and children given pocket money were 85. 58% and 66. 98% and 39. 53%,lower than the non-empty-nest old people 96. 03%and 75. 40%and 55. 56%(P<0. 05);the ratio of timely medical treatment and loneliness among empty-nest old people were 58. 14%and 47. 91%,higher than the non-empty-nest old people were 44. 44% and 35. 71%(P<0. 05).Conclusion The perceived health status among the empty nest elderly in rural area of Guizhou Province was generally poor.The empty nest elderly needed more life care,medical security and emotional assistance.
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Objective To investigate the cognitive ability and mental health status of the empty-nest elderly people lived in urban area of Beijing.Methods We recruited subjects from 8 communities in Beijing.1067 people were investigated,including 839 empty-nest elderly subjects and 228 not empty-nest elderly subjects.We used demography questionnaire and mental health scale to assess the cognitive ability and mental health of these elders.Results The subjects in the empty-nest elderly having high education,well-condition marriage and being male were more than those in the other group (T or x2=10.769,2.009,159.523,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the global cognition between the two groups (F=5.541,P＞0.05).Among language ability,working memory,attention and executive function,the differences between these two groups were significant (F=7.203,4.436,8.806,P＜0.05).Compared with normal elderly subjects,empty-nest elderly subjects had higher scores in face scale and GDS scale (F=5.541,5.578,P＜0.05).Conclusion There are remarkable cognitive ability and mental health differences between empty-nest and not empty-nest elders.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms among ‘empty-nest' and ‘non-empty-nest' elderly in four cities/provinces.Methods 4265 elderly aged 60 and over,were recruited with cluster sampling method in Shanghai,Heilongjiang,Guangdong and Shanxi province and interviewed,using the Geriatric Mental State Schedule and self-developed related questionnaire.Results ( 1 ) The prevalence of depressive symptoms for ‘empty-nest' elderly was (8.18％),significantly higher than that for ‘non-empty-nest' eldcrly (P=0.019) ; (2) the ‘empty-nest' elderly had a significantly higher proportion of the following factors:being male,married,with higher income ( ≥ 15 000 Yuan/year),living in city,with high education background,under employment etc.than the ‘non-empty-nest' elderly (P＜0.0001) ; (3)the ‘empty-nest' elderly had significantly higher proportions on good self-rated health status and life (P=0.0001,P＜0.0001 ) as well as heavier health problems and economic difficulties (P=0.00 1,P=0.002 ) ; (4) there were significantly negative associations between depressive symptoms and the following 10 factors:being female,single,having bad self-rated health and life status,having somatic disease ≥3,with big health problems in the last two years and loss of dearest persons,community engagement and involvement of religious activities.Conclusion The ‘empty-nest' elderly showed higher prevalence of having depressive symptoms than the ‘non-empty-nest' elderly.The ‘empty-nest' elderly had characteristics as being single,female,having adverse event etc.and should be under greater attention for care.