Efeitos Agudos da Bebida Energética sobre Parâmetros Autonômicos e Cardiovasculares em Indivíduos com Diferentes Capacidades Cardiorrespiratórias: Um Ensaio Controlado, Randomizado, Crossover e Duplo Cego / Acute Effects of Energy Drink on Autonomic and Cardiovascular Parameters Recovery in Individuals with Different Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind and Placebo-Controlled Trial

Resumo Fundamento Tem-se sugerido que o consumo de bebidas energéticas (BEs) possa afetar a atividade cardiovascular. Objetivos Investigar os efeitos agudos da ingestão de BE sobre a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) recuperação cardiovascular após exercício aeróbico moderado em homens de diferentes capacidades cardiorrespiratórias. Métodos Este é um estudo randomizado, duplo cego, crossover, controlado por placebo. Vinte e oito jovens adultos foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o pico de consumo de oxigênio (pico de VO2): (1) pico de VO2 alto (AO) - pico de VO2 > 52,15 mL/Kg/min, e (2) pico de VO2 baixo (BO) - pico de VO2 <52,15 mL/Kg/min. Os indivíduos de ambos os grupos foram submetidos a dois protocolos de exercícios em ordem aleatória: exercício moderado aeróbico (60% de pico de VO2) após a ingestão de 250 mL de água (protocolo placebo) ou 250 mL de BE (protocolo BE). Durante os testes de exercício, foram registrados valores de parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e de VFC. Resultados Foram observadas diferenças significativas para o índice de LF (unidades normalizadas) entre "repouso" e "Rec1" nos grupos de AO e BO durante o protocolo BE. Para a razão LF/HF, foram observadas diferenças significativas entre "repouso" e Rec1 nos grupos AO e BO nos protocolos BE. Conclusão A ingestão aguda de BE retardou a recuperação da frequência cardíaca após o exercício em indivíduos com capacidade cardiorrespiratória baixa e indivíduos com capacidade cardiorrespiratória alta.

Abstract Background It has been suggested that the consumption of energy drinks (ED) may affect cardiovascular activity. Objectives to investigate the acute effects of ED intake on heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiovascular recovery after moderate aerobic exercise in males with different cardiorespiratory capacities. Methods This is a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study. Twenty-eight young adults were split into two groups according to their peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) values: (1) High VO2 peak (HO) - VO2 peak > 52.15 mL/kg/min, and (2) low VO2 peak (LO) - peak VO2 <52.15 mL/kg/min. Subjects of both groups underwent two exercise protocols in randomized order: moderate aerobic exercise (60% of VO2peak) following the intake of 250 mL of water (placebo protocol) or 250 mL of ED (ED protocol). During the exercise tests, values of cardiorespiratory and HRV parameters were recorded. Results Significant differences were observed for the LF (normalized units) index between rest and Rec1 in HO energy and LO groups during the ED protocol. For the LF/HF ratio, significant differences were seen between rest and Rec1 in HO and LO during ED protocols. Conclusion Acute ED intake delayed heart rate recovery after exercise in subjects with low and high cardiorespiratory fitness.

Síntomas psicóticos y consumo de bebidas energizantes: reporte de caso / Psychotic symptoms and consumption of energy drinks: case report

RESUMEN: El consumo de bebidas energizantes y su rápida expansión ha creado preocupación desde el punto de vista científico y comunitario. Estas son bebidas que contienen cafeína como su principio activo más común. Se presenta el caso de un paciente sin antecedentes psiquiátricos con presentación clínica de síntomas psicóticos tras incremento del consumo de bebidas energizantes. Se realiza una revisión de literatura existente sobre otros casos de aparición de psicosis tras el consumo de estas bebidas en personas sin y con antecedentes psiquiátricos, así como casos en que predomina la presentación de otros síntomas psiquiátricos con la finalidad de discutir el impacto clínico. El consumo de bebidas energizantes podría representar un problema de salud pública mundial debido a los posibles efectos adversos graves y aún poco estudiados en la salud física y mental.

ABSTRACT The consumption of energy drinks and their rapid expansion has created concern from a scientific and community point of view. These are drinks that contain caffeine as their most common active ingredient. We present the case of a patient with no psychiatric history with clinical presentation of psychotic symptoms after increased consumption of energy drinks. A review of existing literature is carried out on other cases of the appearance of psychosis after the consumption of these beverages in people without and with a psychiatric history, as well as cases in which the presentation of other psychiatric symptoms predominates in order to discuss the clinical impact. The consumption of energy drinks could represent a global public health problem due to the possible serious and still little studied adverse effects on physical and mental health.

Consumo de bebidas alcoólicas em binge na adolescência precoce: um estudo transversal / Binge drinking in early adoelscence: a cross-sectional stdudy

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a prevalência do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas em binge na adolescência precoce e sua associação com o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas misturadas com bebidas energéticas, religiosidade e o capital social. Trata- se de um estudo transversal realizado com adolescentes de 10 a 13 anos de idade matriculados em escolas públicas de Belo Horizonte, Brasil. A amostragem foi do tipo aleatória estratificada proporcional por distrito administrativo e por ano letivo. Para selecionar os alunos, foi feito o sorteio das escolas por regional e todos os alunos elegíveis foram convidados a participar. Um total de 650 adolescentes participou do estudo. Os adolescentes preencheram o Teste de Identificação de Transtornos por Uso de Álcool (AUDIT-C), perguntas sobre consumo de bebidas alcoólicas misturadas com bebidas energéticas, consumo de álcool em binge pelos pais e melhor amigo, perguntas sobre a religiosidade e o questionário capital social para adolescentes (QCS-AE). Um formulário referente às questões socioeconômicas foi respondido pelos pais. Foi realizada análise descritiva, regressão logística univariada e múltipla (p <0,05). Os resultados foram apresentados na forma de três artigos. O primeiro artigo abordou a associação entre consumo de bebidas alcoólicas misturadas com bebidas energéticas e o binge drinking, o segundo artigo, a associação entre a religiosidade e o binge drinking e o terceiro artigo a associação entre capital social e binge drinking. A prevalência do binge drinking foi de 13,7%. No modelo ajustado, o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas misturadas com bebidas energéticas (OR: 6,13; IC 95%: 3,81- 11,83; p< 0,001), binge drinking pela mãe (OR: 2,88; IC 95%: 1,59-5,24; p< 0,001), binge drinking pelo melhor amigo (OR: 4,28; IC 95%: 2,35-7,79; p< 0,001) e família não nuclear (OR: 1,89; IC 95%: 1,03- 3,48; p= 0,039) estiveram associadas ao desfecho. A religiosidade não esteve associada ao binge drinking. As covariáveis associadas foram à idade de 12-13 anos (OR: 1,94; IC 95%: 1,06-3,56; p= 0,030), binge drinking pela mãe (OR: 3,07; IC 95%: 1,73-5,46; p < 0,001); binge drinking pelo melhor amigo (OR: 6,01; IC 95%: 3,40-10,62; p< 0,001) e família não nuclear (OR: 1,80; IC 95%: 1,01-3,23; p= 0,045). A alta coesão social na escola (OR: 0,41; IC 95%: 0.20-0.0,83; p=0,024), a alta rede de amigos (OR:1,02; IC 95%: 0.20-0,83; p= 0.013); binge drinking pelo melhor amigo (OR: 6,21; IC 95%: 3,43-11,23; p<0,001); binge drinking pela mãe (OR: 3.26; IC: 1,80-5,89; p<0,001) e a menor escolaridade materna (OR: 2,69; IC 95%: 1,52-4,76; p=0,001) estiveram associadas ao desfecho. Concluiu-se que o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas misturadas com bebidas energéticas, a idade de 12-13 anos, o consumo em binge pela mãe e melhor amigo, a menor escolaridade materna, família não nuclear e a alta rede de amigos foram fatores associados ao binge drinking. A alta coesão na escola foi um possível fator de proteção e a religiosidade não esteve associada ao binge drinking na adolescência precoce.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of binge drinking in early adolescence and its association with the consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks, religiosity and social capital. This is a cross-sectional study carried out with adolescents aged 10 to 13 years old enrolled in public schools in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The random stratified sampling was performed, proportionally by administrative district and by school year. To select students, schools were randomly selected by region and all eligible students were invited to participate. A total of 650 adolescents participated in the study. Adolescents completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C), questions about drinking alcohol mixed with energy drinks, binge drinking by parents and best friend, questions about religiosity, and the social capital questionnaire for adolescents (QSC- AE). A form regarding socioeconomic issues was answered by the parents. Descriptive analysis, univariate and multiple logistic regression (p <0.05) were performed. The results were presented in the form of three articles. The first article addressed the association between the consumption of alcoholic beverages mixed with energy drinks and binge drinking, the second article the association between religiosity and binge drinking and the third article the association between social capital and binge drinking. The prevalence of binge drinking was 13.7%. In the adjusted model, consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (OR: 6.13; 95% CI: 3.81-11.83; p< 0.001), binge drinking by the mother (OR: 2.88; CI 95 %: 1.59-5.24; p< 0.001), binge drinking by the best friend (OR: 4.28; 95% CI: 2.35-7.79; p< 0.001) and non-nuclear family (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.03-3.48; p= 0.039) were associated with the outcome. Religiosity was not associated with binge drinking. The associated covariates were age 12-13 years (OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.06-3.56; p= 0.030), binge drinking by the mother (OR: 3.07; 95% CI: 1.73-5.46; p < 0.001); binge drinking by best friend (OR: 6.01; 95% CI: 3.40-10.62; p< 0.001) and non-nuclear family (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.01-3.23 ; p=0.045). High social cohesion at school (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.20-0.0.83; p=0.024), high network of friends (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.20-0.83; p=0.013); binge drinking by best friend (OR: 6.21; 95% CI: 3.43-11.23; p<0.001); binge drinking by the mother (OR: 3.26; 95% CI: 1.80-5.89; p<0.001) and lower maternal education (OR: 2.69; 95% CI: 1.52-4.76; p=0.001 ) were associated with the outcome. It was concluded that the consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks, the age of 12-13 years, binge drinking by the mother and best friend, lower maternal education, non-nuclear family and high network of friends were factors associated with binge drinking. High school cohesion was a possible protective factor and religiosity was not associated with binge drinking in early adolescence.

Uso de bebidas energizantes y síntomas de insomnio en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad peruana / Use of energy drinks and insomnia symptoms in medical students from a Peruvian university

OBJETIVO: Determinar la asociación entre el consumo de bebidas energizantes y síntomas de insomnio en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad en Lima, Perú. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: El tipo de estudio realizado es transversal analítico. La población objetivo fueron los estudiantes de medicina de una universidad peruana ubicada en Lima sur de segundo y quinto año. Hubo 289 participantes en el estudio. Se utilizó una encuesta compuesta por un cuestionario sobre el consumo de bebidas energizantes y el Insomnia Severity Index, del cual se determinó un punto de corte de 15 para considerar la presencia de síntomas de insomnio. El análisis multivariado crudo y ajustado se realizó usando la regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta ajustado para sexo, edad, consumo de café, y antecedente de ansiedad y depresión, para obtener el PR (Razón de Prevalencias) con un intervalo de confianza de 95%. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: La prevalencia de síntomas de insomnio en la muestra estudiada fue de 21,80%, mientras que la de consumo de bebidas energizantes fue de 39,45%. Se encontró asociación significativa (p=0,008) entre el consumo de este tipo de bebidas y la presencia de síntomas de insomnio. Además, se encontró que los estudiantes que consumen bebidas energizantes tuvieron 1,78 veces más probabilidad de presentar síntomas de insomnio (IC95%: 1,13-2,82), en comparación con los que no consumieron bebidas energizantes (p=0,013). CONCLUSIONES: Existe asociación entre el consumo de bebidas energizantes y síntomas de insomnio.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between the consumption of energy drinks and symptoms of insomnia in medical students of a university in Lima, Peru. Materials and METHODS: This study is cross-sectional analytical. The target population was the second-and fifth-year medical students of a private Peruvian university in southern Lima. There were 289 participants in this study. For this study, a survey composed of a questionnaire about the consumption of energy drinks and the Insomnia Severity Index were used, from which a cut-off point of 15 was determined to consider the presence of insomnia symptoms. The multivariate crude and adjusted analysis were done with Poisson regression with robust variance adjusted for sex, age, coffee consumption, previous diagnosis of depression and previous diagnosis of anxiety; to calculate the PR (Prevalence Ratio) with a 95% CI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The prevalence of insomnia symptoms in the sample studied was 21,80%, while the consumption of energy drinks was 39,45%. A significant association was found (p = 0.008) between the consumption of this type of drinks and the presence of insomnia symptoms. In addition, it was found that students who consumed energy drinks were 1,78 times more likely to have symptoms of insomnia (95% CI: 1,13-2,82), compared to those who did not consume energy drinks (p=<0,013). CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between the consumption of energy drinks and symptoms of insomnia.

Efectos del consumo de café sobre la salud / Effects of coffee consumption on health

RESUMEN El café es uno de los productos comerciales más importantes, y el 70-80 % de la población mundial lo consume. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, con el objetivo de describir los efectos del consumo de café sobre la salud. Para ello, se localizaron y consultaron artículos científicos accesibles en las bases de datos Pubmed y SciELO. Se utilizaron preferentemente artículos originales, revisiones bibliográficas, revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis y ensayos clínicos publicados en los últimos cinco años. El consumo de café se ha asociado con un menor riesgo de varias enfermedades crónicas. Las evidencias actuales no justifican recomendar la ingesta de café para la prevención de enfermedades, pero sugieren que en adultos sin problemas de salud específicos, y en mujeres no embarazadas, su consumo moderado puede formar parte de un estilo de vida saludable.

ABSTRACT Coffee is one of the most important commercial products, and 70-80% of the world population consumes it. A bibliographic review was carried out in order to describe the effects of coffee consumption on health. For this, accessible scientific articles were located and consulted in the Pubmed and SciELO databases. Original articles, bibliographic reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyzes and clinical trials published in the last five years were mainly used. Coffee consumption has been associated with a lower risk of several chronic diseases. Current evidence does not justify recommending coffee intake for disease prevention, but suggests that in adults without specific health problems, and in non-pregnant women, its moderate consumption can be part of a healthy lifestyle.

Representaciones sociales del consumo de bebidas energéticas en estudiantes de enfermería / Social representations of the energy drinks´ consumption in nursing students

Introducción: Las bebidas energéticas o energy drinks son sustancias con alto contenido de cafeína, su efecto estimulante las hace muy populares, sobre todo entre los jóvenes y universitarios, porque les prometen mejorar el rendimiento físico y cognitivo. Sin embargo, el incremento de su consumo puede generar dependencia, efectos tóxicos y letales. Objetivo: Describir las representaciones sociales del consumo de bebidas energéticas en estudiantes del primer semestre de Enfermería de la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina. Métodos: Investigación de tipo cualitativo, a la luz de las representaciones sociales, con el empleo del método interrogativo. Se desarrolló en tres fases en las que se involucró a la población estudiada y se aplicó la técnica del grupo focal. Se tuvieron en cuenta las consideraciones éticas. Resultados: El núcleo central de la representación social del consumo de bebidas energéticas estuvo asociado a los efectos estimulantes que se generan a nivel del sistema nervioso central: inhibe el cansancio y el sueño y recupera energía. Sin embargo, los estudiantes participantes reconocieron que el abuso en su consumo es peligroso y puede ser letal, sobre todo si se mezcla con alcohol. Conclusiones: Las representaciones sociales del consumo de bebidas energéticas en estudiantes de primer semestre de Enfermería de la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, del curso 2017, se relacionan con conocimientos generales, con sus efectos y las motivaciones que tienen los estudiantes para consumirlas, porque les permite vivir la intensa vida universitaria y rendir en todos los contextos, social y laboral, de manera exitosa, aun conociendo sus consecuencias indeseables(AU)

Introduction: Energy drinks are substances with high caffeine content; its stimulating effect makes them very popular, especially among young people and university students, because they promise to improve physical performance and cognitive development. However, the increase in their consumption may generate dependency, toxic and deadly effects. Objective: To describe the social representations of the consumption of energy drinks in students of the first semester of Nursing at the University Foundation of the Andean Area. Methods: Qualitative research, in the light of the social representations, using the questioning method. It was developed in three phases involving the population studied and it was applied the focal group´s technique. There were taken into account the ethical considerations. Results: The core of social representation of energy drinks consumption was associated with the stimulant effects that are generated at the level of the central nervous system: they inhibit the tiredness and sleep and recovers energy. However, the students participating admitted that the abuse in energy drinks´ consumption is dangerous and can be lethal, especially if mixed with alcohol. Conclusions: The social representations of energy drinks´ consumption in first semester students of nursing at the University Foundation of the Andean Area, of the course 2017, are related with general knowledge, with their effects and the motivations that students have to consume them, because they allow them to live the intense university life and to have a good performance in all contexts (social and work ones) successfully, even knowing their undesirable consequences(AU)

Hepatic & Renal Toxicity of Energy Drinks, a Serious Health Risk, Wistar Albino Rats Study

The recent years have seen a significant increase in the individual consumption of energy drinks across the globe. As a result, notable concerns continue to rise both among the public and among the scientific community, concerning the health effects that energy drinks pose to individuals. This study therefore examines the adverse effects of energy drinks on health, using ten normal albino rats as specimens. The specimen was then divided into two groups consisting of five rats each, with one group was given energy drinks while the control group was given normal drinking water days for a period of 21 days. The specimen was then sacrificed and their blood samples used for biochemical and histological studies. The study findings reveal that energy drink consumption significantly increased the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea and creatininelevels when compared with the control group. In addition, the study demonstrates that energy drink consumption significantly decreased body weight and organ to body weight ratios when compared with the control group. The study further recognizes that the consumption of energy drink is associated with significant alterations in serum toxicity markers, bodyweight, organ body weight and histopathological changes. The study therefore recommends that need for public health education to educate individuals; especially youths about the risks of consuming highly caffeinated energy drinks. The study also recommends the need for further studies in order to minimize the harm excess and long-term consumption of energy drinks presented to the public

Efecto agudo de las bebidas energéticas en el rendimiento anaeróbico: un metaanálisis / Acute effect of energy drinks on anaerobic performance: A meta-analysis

Resumen El consumo de bebidas energéticas (BE) ha ido incrementando tanto en estudiantes y personas activas como en deportistas, esto por posible efecto ergogénico. Dichas bebidas contienen, además de calorías, cafeína en combinación con otros ingredientes como taurina, carnitina y vitaminas del complejo B. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto agudo de la ingesta de BE en el rendimiento físico anaeróbico, por medio de la técnica de metaanálisis. La metodología consistió en realizar una búsqueda en cinco bases de datos: PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Springer Link, ProQuest y Science Direct. Se seleccionaron los estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad: experimentales, en los que se midiera el rendimiento anaeróbico y donde se suministrara una BE, realizados en seres humanos, que presentaran la estadística descriptiva y estuviesen publicados en idioma español o inglés. Como resultados se incluyeron 15 estudios que generaron 37 tamaños de efecto (TE) y un total de 253 sujetos (hombres y mujeres; 21,73,7 años). Bajo el modelo de efectos aleatorios y un diseño entre grupos se obtuvo un TE global de 0.123 (p = 0.009; IC95% = 0.01 a 0.23; Q = 19.5; p= 0.98; I2 = 0.00%). No se encontró ninguna relación o diferencia en las variables moderadoras. En conclusión, el TE global indica que hay diferencia significativa entre consumir BE o placebo para pruebas anaeróbicas específicas de saltos.

Abstract The consumption of energy drinks (ED) has been increasing in students, active individuals, and athletes due to their probable ergogenic effect. In addition to calories, energy drinks contain caffeine and other ingredients such as taurine, carnitine, and B-complex vitamins. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ED consumption on anaerobic performance using a meta-analytic approach. A literature search was conducted on five electronic database searchers: PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Springer Link, ProQuest, and Science Direct. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected, i.e: experimental studies that assessed anaerobic performance using EDs as a treatment in humans, reporting descriptive statistics, and published in English or Spanish. 15 studies representing 37 effect sizes (ES) with a total of 253 participants (male and female: 21.73.7 years old) met the inclusion criteria. Using a random-effects model and a between-group design, an overall 0.123 ES was found (p = 0.009; CI95% = 0.01 to 0.23; Q = 19.5; p= 0.98; I2 = 0.00%). No relationship or difference was found in the moderator variables. In general, the overall ES indicated that there is a significant difference between consuming ED or a placebo for specific anaerobic jump tests.

Resumo O consumo de bebidas energéticas (BE) tem aumentado tanto em estudantes e pessoas ativas quanto em esportistas, devido a possíveis efeito ergogênico. Essas bebidas contêm, além de calorias, cafeína e outros ingredientes como taurina, carnitina e vitaminas do complexo B. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito agudo da ingestão de BE no rendimento físico anaeróbico, por meio da técnica de meta-análises. A metodologia consistiu em realizar uma busca em cinco bases de dados: PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Springer Link, ProQuest e Science Direct. Foram selecionados os estudos que cumpriram os critérios de elegibilidade, ou seja, experimentais, nos que fosse medido o rendimento anaeróbico e onde fosse administrada uma BE, realizados em seres humanos, que apresentassem a estadística descritiva e estivessem publicados em espanhol ou inglês. Como resultados foram incluídos 15 estudos que geraram 37 tamanhos do efeito (TE) e um total de 253 sujeitos (homens e mulheres; 21,73,7 anos). Sob o modelo de efeitos aleatórios e um desenho entre grupos obteve-se um TE global de 0,123 (p = 0,009; IC95% = 0,01 a 0,23; Q = 19,5; p= 0,98; I2 = 0,00%). Não foi encontrada nenhuma relação ou diferença nas variáveis moderadoras. Em conclusão, o TE global indica que existe diferença significativa entre consumir BE ou placebo para provas anaeróbicas específicas de saltos.

Indian Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines on the Fast and Junk Foods, Sugar Sweetened Beverages, Fruit Juices, and Energy Drinks

Justification: In view of easy availability and increasing trend of consumption of fast foods and sugar sweetened beverages (fruit juicesand drinks, carbonated drinks, energy drinks) in Indian children, and their association with increasing obesity and related non-communicable diseases, there is a need to develop guidelines related to consumption of foods and drinks that have the potential toincrease this problem in children and adolescents. Objectives: To review the evidence and formulate consensus statements related toterminology, magnitude of problem and possible ill effects of junk foods, fast foods, sugar-sweetened beverages and carbonated drinks;and to formulate recommendations for limiting consumption of these foods and beverages in Indian children and adolescents. Process:A National Consultative group constituted by the Nutrition Chapter of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP), consisting of variousstakeholders in private and public sector, reviewed the literature and existing guidelines and policy regulations. Detailed review ofliterature was circulated to the members, and the Group met on 11th March 2019 at New Delhi for a day-long deliberation on framing theguidelines. The consensus statements and recommendations formulated by the Group were circulated to the participants and aconsensus document was finalized. Conclusions: The Group suggests a new acronym ‘JUNCS’ foods, to cover a wide variety ofconcepts related to unhealthy foods (Junk foods, Ultra-processed foods, Nutritionally inappropriate foods, Caffeinated/colored/carbonated foods/beverages, and Sugar-sweetened beverages). The Group concludes that consumption of these foods and beveragesis associated with higher free sugar and energy intake; and is associated with higher body mass index (and possibly with adversecardiometabolic consequences) in children and adolescents. Intake of caffeinated drinks may be associated with cardiac and sleepdisturbances. The Group recommends avoiding consumption of the JUNCS by all children and adolescents as far as possible and limittheir consumption to not more than one serving per week. The Group recommends intake of regional and seasonal whole fruits over fruitjuices in children and adolescents, and advises no fruit juices/drinks to infants and young children (age <2 y), whereas for children aged 2-5 y and >5-18 y, their intake should be limited to 125 mL/day and 250 mL/day, respectively. The Group recommends that caffeinatedenergy drinks should not be consumed by children and adolescents. The Group supports recommendations of ban on sale of JUNCSfoods in school canteens and in near vicinity, and suggests efforts to ensure availability and affordability of healthy snacks and foods. TheGroup supports traffic light coding of food available in school canteens and recommends legal ban of screen/print/digital advertisementsof all the JUNCS foods for channels/magazines/websites/social media catering to children and adolescents. The Group further suggestscommunication, marketing and policy/taxation strategies to promote consumption of healthy foods, and limit availability and consumptionof the JUNCS foods

Prevalencia y patrones de consumo de bebidas energizantes en estudiantes en una universidad colombiana / Prevalence and consumption patterns of energy drinks in students at a Colombian university / Prevalência e padrões de consumo de bebidas energéticas em estudantes, estudo de caso com uma universidade colombiana

Introducción. Las bebidas energizantes son preparaciones con contenido de sustancias estimulantes. En los últimos tiempos, la prevalencia de uso de estas bebidas entre adolescentes y adultos jóvenes ha ido en aumento Objetivo. Describir la prevalencia y los patrones de consumo de bebidas energizantes entre estudiantes universitarios de la Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez de Cartagena. Métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal. Se utilizó un instrumento previamente validado y sometido a una prueba piloto, para caracterizar la frecuencia y los patrones de consumo de bebidas energizantes en 558 estudiantes de 10 programas profesionales de la Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez. Resultados. La prevalencia del consumo de bebidas energizantes fue de 35 %. En los programas de Bacteriología e Instrumentación Quirúrgica se encontró la mayor prevalencia de consumo. Se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ser consumidor de bebidas energizantes y programa académico (p<0,001) y sexo (p<0,001). La marca de bebida más consumida fue Vive 100® y la principal motivación para el consumo fue el estudio, principalmente en tiempos de exámenes. El efecto indeseable más presentado entre los consumidores fue el aumento de la frecuencia cardiaca. El 100% de la población desconoce el marco legal en Colombia que cubre la producción de estas bebidas. Conclusiones. Existe una prevalencia moderada de consumo de bebidas energizantes con respecto a otros estudios en la población universitaria, con baja frecuencia en la ingestión. Hay poco conocimiento sobre los componentes y efectos que estas bebidas producen. Se presentan prácticas de consumo que aumentan los potenciales riesgos para la salud. Se recomienda a las autoridades universitarias la implementación de estrategias que permitan disminuir los riesgos derivados de los patrones de consumo que aumentan los potenciales efectos adversos de las bebidas energizantes.

Prevalencia y patrones de consumo de bebidas energizantes en estudiantes en una universidad colombianaTorres C, Angulo H, Rocha M, García K, Romero M, Polo M8 | Págs. 7-15 | Número 1 | Volumen 9 | ene. - jun. de 2019 | ISSN 2248-5759 (impresa) | ISSN 2322-9462 (digital) | Rev. salud. bosque.AbstractOverview: Energy drinks have amongst their ingredients stimu-lating substances. Nowadays the prevalence of these drinks amongst teens and young adults have been increasing.Objective: To estimate prevalence and consumption patterns of energy drinks in university students from Cartagena, Colombia Methods: This is an observational, descriptive, cross-section study. A tool previously validated and piloted, aimed at charac-terizing frequency and consumption patterns of energy drinks was administered to 558 students from 10 academic programs from the said university in Cartagena, Colombia.Results: The prevalence of consumption of energy drinks was 35%, being Bacteriology and Surgical Instrumentation the aca-demic programs with higher prevalence. Statistically significant difference was found between a regular consumer of energy drinks and academic program (p<0.001) and, sex (p<0.001). The beverage brand most consumed was Vive 100 and accor-ding to this study, the main reason for consumption was study. The most common undesirable effect amongst consumers was increased heart rate. 100% of the participants of this study are unaware of the regulations and currently in place in Colombia regarding the production of these drinks.Conclusions: There is a moderate prevalence of consumption of energy drinks, compared to other similar studies conducted on the subject. The general population is not knowledgeable about the ingredients or the effects of these drinks. It is recom-mended that university managers implement strategies aimed at decreasing the risks entailed in consumption patterns of energy drinks associated to potentially adverse effects.

Introducao. As bebidas energéticas são preparações com conteúdos de substâncias estimulantes, a prevalência do uso destas bebidas entre adolescentes e jovens tem aumentado.Objetivo. O artigo visa descrever a prevalência e padrões de consumo de bebidas energéticas em estudantes universitários em Cartagena.Materiais e métodos. O estudo é observacional descritivo e de corte transversal. Foi aplicado um instrumento validado e sometido a prova piloto, para caracterizar frequência e padrões de consumo de bebidas energéticas em 558 estudantes de 10 programas de graduação de uma Universidade.Resultados. A prevalência de consumo de bebidas energéticas foi de 35%, apresentando maior prevalência Bacteriologia e Instrumentação Quirurgica. Foi achada uma diferencia estatisticamente significativa entre consumir estas bebidas e o programa acadêmico e sexo. A marca mais consumida foi Vive 100, sendo usada para favorecimento dos estudos na época dos testes. O efeito indesejável mais mencionado foi aumento de frequência cardíaca, todos desconheciam o marco legal as-sociado a estas bebidas na Colômbia.Conclusoes. Existe uma prevalência de consumo de bebidas energéticas moderada e pouco conhecimento dos componentes e efeitos que produzem estas bebidas. Apresentamse praticas de consumo que aumentam potenciais riscos para a saúde e recomenda-se às autoridades universitárias desenvolver estratégias para diminuir riscos associados ao alto consumo destas bebidas.

Consumo de bebidas energizantes en estudiantes universitarios / Consumption of energy drinks in university students

Las bebidas energizantes son productos que se consumen para reducir la sensación de cansancio y favorecer un estado activo, contienen principalmente cafeína, glucosa, glucoronolactona, taurina, guaraná vitaminas B1 (tiamina), vitamina B2 (riboflavina), vitamina B3 (niacina), vitamina B6 (piridoxina). El Objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la frecuencia del consumo de las bebidas energizantes en los estudiantes de la Universidad Mayor Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca y describir los posibles efectos adversos. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, transversal, cuantitativo realizado en 367 estudiantes universitarios de las áreas de Salud, Económicas - Financieras, Sociales Humanidades, Tecnológicas y Agrarias. Para la recolección de datos se aplicó la encuesta. Entre los resultados se obtuvo que, del total de estudiantes encuestados, 69,21% si han consumido las bebidas energizantes, con una frecuencia de consumo de 2 a 3 veces por mes (39%), principalmente durante los parciales (18.80%) y después de realizar algún deporte (16.89%). Entre las marcas más consumidas de estas bebidas son red bull (30,25%) y power (14,99%).

Energy drinks are products that are consumed to reduce the feeling of tiredness and promote an active state, mainly contain caffeine, glucose, glucoronolactone, taurine, guarana B1 vitamins (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine). The objective of this research was to determine the frequency of the consumption of energy drinks in the students of the Universidad Mayor Real and Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca and describe the possible adverse effects. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted on 367 university students in the areas of health, economic - financial, social - humanities, technological and agricultural. The survey was applied to data collection. Among the results it was obtained that, of the total number of students surveyed, 69.21% if they have consumed the energy drinks, with a frequency of consumption of 2 to 3 times per month (39%), mainly during the partial ones (18.80%) and after performing some sport (16.89%). Among the most consumed brands of these drinks are red bull (30.25%) and power (14.99%).

Energy Drink Consumption and Dietary-, Lifestyle-, and Mental Health-Related Behaviors in Korean Adolescents: Based on the 10th–13th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey

BACKGROUND: Energy drinks (EDs), functional beverages with high concentrations of caffeine, can cause health risks. This study examined the frequency of ED consumption and related factors in Korean adolescents. METHODS: Data from the 10th-13th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey was used, and a total of 137,101 boys and 130,806 girls were included in the final analyses. Differences in ED consumption and associated factors were analyzed using the Rao-Scott chi-square test and a multivariate logistic regression analysis, reflecting of the complex sample design. RESULTS: In total, 17.3% boys and 12.9% girls consumed EDs more than once a week (P<0.001). In particular, 24.2% of all high-school students in the 12th grade consumed more than three EDs a week. After adjusting for confounding factors, a multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that higher ED consumption was significantly associated with a higher soda, sweet-drink, and fast food intake; skipping breakfast; a lower vegetable intake; depression; suicidal thoughts; sleep deprivation; and increased smoking and alcohol drinking. CONCLUSIONS: ED consumption is associated with undesirable dietary-, lifestyle-, and mental health-related behaviors, suggesting the need for appropriate nutrition education in adolescents.

Influence of Psychosocial Factors on Energy Drink Consumption in Korean Nursing Students: Never-consumers versus Ever-consumers

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the status of caffeine-containing energy drink consumption among Korean nursing students and to identify associated psychological factors. METHODS: In total, 187 Korean nursing students participated in this cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to identify participants' general characteristics and psychosocial factors (self-esteem, academic stress, depression, and college adjustment) associated with energy drink consumption. Data were analyzed with SPSS using descriptive statistics, the χ² test, the t-test, and logistic regression. RESULTS: More than two-thirds (73.3%) of the participants had consumed energy drinks. Among the investigated psychological factors, depression appeared to most strongly influence energy drink consumption behaviors in this population. CONCLUSION: The consumption of caffeine-containing energy drinks was found to be common among nursing students preparing to become health care professionals; depressed nursing students were more likely to have consumed energy drinks than non-depressed students. Nursing educators should emphasize the early detection of unhealthy beverage consumption habits and provide appropriate education to enhance healthy behaviors in future health care professionals.

Consumo de bebidas energizantes en una población de escolares de Bogotá, Colombia / Consumption of energy drinks among students of Bogotá, Colombia

RESUMEN Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el patrón de consumo de bebidas energizantes en una muestra de estudiantes de dos colegios públicos y dos privados de Bogotá. Método Se realizó un estudio transversal. Se incluyeron 671 escolares de 10 a 20 años. Se analizaron las medidas antropométricas y la encuesta de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos a través de un cuestionario autoaplicado. Resultados El 80% tenía IMC normal, 12,4% de sobrepeso, 3,6% de obesidad. No hay asociación entre el IMC y el consumo de bebidas energéticas (p=0,514). El consumo de bebidas energéticas por parte de los estudiantes se asocia con el ejercicio físico (p=0,01) y el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas (p=0,000). Conclusiones El consumo de bebidas energizantes está asociado con el ejercicio físico y el consumo de alcohol. Los hallazgos demuestran la importancia de establecer campañas educativas destinadas a informar sobre los peligros de ingerir estas bebidas e incluso el mezclarlas con alcohol etílico.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the pattern of energy drinks consumption in a sample of students from two public and two private schools of Bogotá. Materials and Methods Cross-sectional study in a population of 671 students aged 10 to 20 years. Anthropometric measurements and a food consumption frequency survey were analyzed through a self-applied questionnaire. Results 80% had normal Body Mass Index (BMI), 12.4% were overweight and 3.6% were obese. No association between BMI and energy drinks consumption was observed (p=0.514). Energy drinks consumed by students is associated with physical activity (p=0.01) and alcohol intake (p=0.000). Conclusions The consumption of energy drinks is associated to physical exercise and alcohol intake. The findings show the importance of establishing educational campaigns to inform about the dangers of ingesting energy drinks and mixing them with ethyl alcohol.(AU)

Erosive potential of sports beverages on human enamel "in vitro" / Potencial erosivo de bebidas esportivas no esmalte humano "in vitro" / Potencial erosivo de bebidas deportivas en el esmalte humano "in vitro"

INTRODUCTION: The low pH of sports drinks may cause tooth enamel demineralization. Objective: To measure Vickers hardness of human enamel exposed to sports drinks. METHODS: Human molars were used to collect the enamel samples. Each sample had a test surface (exposed to the drinks) and a control surface (unexposed). The samples were exposed to isotonic drinks Gatorade and Powerade, and to maltodextrin drinks Malto Advanced and Malto Active, for 10 minutes every 12 hours over 30 days. The Vickers microhardness test was conducted with three indentations on each surface. The mean of the indentations within each group was considered in the statistical analysis. Sports drinks variables were analyzed with ANOVA/Tukey (p≤0.01). The independent t-test was used in the comparison between the control and test surfaces of each drink (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: Enamel exposure to Gatorade (p = 0.000) Malto Advanced (p = 0.000) and Malto Active (p = 0.000) was seen to significantly reduce microhardness, while the isotonic drink Powerade had no significant effect on enamel (p = 0.248). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that with the exception of the isotonic drink Powerade, all the sports drinks tested caused a reduction in the microhardness of human enamel. Evidence Level III; Therapeutic studies - Investigating the Results of Treatment.

INTRODUÇÃO: O baixo pH de bebidas esportivas pode promover perda mineral do esmalte dental. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a microdureza Vickers do esmalte humano exposto a bebidas esportivas. MÉTODOS: Dentes molares humanos foram usados para coletar as amostras de esmalte. Cada amostra apresentou uma superfície de teste (exposta às bebidas) e uma superfície de controle (não exposta). As amostras foram expostas aos isotônicos Gatorade e Powerade e às maltodextrinas Advanced Series e Malto Active durante 10 minutos de 12/12 horas, durante 30 dias. O teste de microdureza Vickers foi realizado com três indentações em cada superfície. Na análise estatística, foi considerada a média das indentações dentro de cada grupo. As variáveis bebidas esportivas foram avaliadas com ANOVA/Tukey (p ≤ 0,01). Na comparação entre a superfície controle e teste de cada bebida foi utilizado o Teste t para amostras independentes (p ≤ 0,05). RESULTADO: Observou-se que a exposição do esmalte a Gatorade (p = 0,000), Malto Advanced (p = 0,000) e Malto Active (p = 0,000) reduz significativamente a microdureza, enquanto que o isotônico Powerade não produziu efeito significativo sobre o esmalte (p = 0,248). CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que com exceção do isotônico Powerade, todas as bebidas esportivas testadas provocaram redução na microdureza do esmalte dental humano. Nível de Evidência III; Estudos terapêuticos ­ investiga o resultado de um tratamento.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El bajo pH de bebidas deportivas puede favorecer la pérdida mineral del esmalte dental. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el esmalte dureza Vickers humano expuesto a las bebidas deportivas. MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron los dientes molares para la toma de las muestras de esmalte. Cada muestra tenía una superficie de prueba (expuestos a las bebidas) y una superficie de control (no ex-puesta). Las muestras fueron expuestas en isotónica Gatorade y Powerade, y maltodextrinas, y la serie Advanced activo Malto durante 10 minutos 12/12 horas durante 30 días. La prueba de dureza Vickers se realizó con tres muescas en cada superficie. El análisis estadístico fue la media de las muescas dentro de cada grupo. variables de bebidas deportivas se analizaron con ANOVA / Tukey (p≤0,01). La comparación entre la superficie de control y prueba de cada bebida se utilizó la prueba t para muestras independientes (p ≤ 0,05). RESULTADOS: Se observó que la exposición del esmalte Gatorade (p = 0,000) Malto avanzada (p = 0,000) y Malto activo (p = 0,000) reduce significativamente la dureza, mientras que Powerade isotónica ningún efecto significativo sobre el esmalte (p = 0,248). CONCLUSIÓN: Se concluye que con la excepción de Powerade isotónica, todas las bebidas deportivas probados causó una reducción en la dureza del esmalte humano. Nivel de Evidencia; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamento.

In vitro effect of energy drinks on human enamel surface / Análise in vitro da ação de bebidas energéticas no esmalte dental humano

Introduction: Energy drinks (ED) possess low pH and citric acid in their composition, making them potentially erosive beverages that can contribute to the high dental erosion rates found currently in the general population and also in young people. Objective: To evaluate the mean pH and titratable acidity of commercial ED and the influence of a brand of ED on the superficial microhardness of human enamel. Material and method: Ten commercial ED were selected and the pH of two lots of each ED with and without gas was obtained. Acid titration was conducted with the addition of NaOH aliquots until the pH 7 was reached. Eighteen human enamel specimens were allocated in three groups (N=6), Red Bull (RB), Red Bull Light (RBL) and distilled water (C), submitted to an acid challenge with the ED, six consecutive times, with 12 hours intervals, during three days. Knoop microhardness was measured before and after the acid challenge. Result: All ED brands tested presented low pH levels ranging from 2.1 to 3.2. Regarding titratable acidity, it was found that the amount of base required promoting the neutralization of the solutions ranged from 1200μL to 3750μL. Samples of human enamel in the RB and RBL groups submitted to the acid challenge presented significantly decreased Knoop microhardness when compared with the group C. Conclusion: All ED examined have potential to promote mineral loss due to the low pH and high titratable acidity. The ED analyzed promoted significant mineral losses on the dental enamel surface.

Introdução: O potencial erosivo das bebidas energéticas (BE) devido ao baixo pH e à presença de ácido cítrico pode estar relacionado ao aumento dos índices de erosão dental da população em geral e especialmente, nos jovens. Objetivo: Verificar o pH e a titulação ácida de BE e a influência de uma marca de BE na microdureza superficial do esmalte. Material e método: Dez amostras de BE de diferentes marcas comerciais foram selecionadas. O pH de dois lotes de cada BE foi analisado, com e sem gás. A titulação ácida foi realizada com a adição de alíquotas de NaOH, até atingir pH 7,0. Dezoito amostras de esmalte dental humano foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos (n = 6), Red Bull (RB), Red Light Bull (RBL) e água destilada (C), submetidas a um desafio ácido com a BE, seis vezes consecutivas, com intervalos de 12 horas, durante três dias. A microdureza Knoop foi medida antes e depois do desafio ácido. Resultado: Todas as marcas de BE testadas apresentaram baixos níveis de pH, variando de 2,1 a 3,2. Em relação à titulação ácida, verificou-se que a quantidade de base necessária para promover a neutralização das soluções variou de 1200 μL a 3750 μL. Amostras de esmalte humano nos grupos RB e RBL submetidos ao desafio ácido apresentaram diminuição significativa da microdureza Knoop. Conclusão: Todas as BE examinadas apresentaram baixo pH e alta titulação ácida e, portanto, potencial para promover perda mineral. As BE analisadas promoveram perdas minerais significativas na superfície do esmalte dental.

Consumption Behaviors of Energy Drinks and Comparison of Associated Factors Among College Students in Gwangju / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the current status of consumption of energy drinks among college students and investigate the effects of general environmental factors, health behavior factors, caffeine knowledge levels, and perceived stress levels on consumption of energy drinks. METHODS: A survey was conducted among a total of 479 college students in Gwangju, using self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaire consisted of items about general environmental factors, health behavior, caffeine knowledge, perceived stress, and energy drink consumption behaviors. RESULTS: 69.1% of participants experienced consumption of energy drinks, and specifically 82.8% of male students and 54.1% of female students experienced consumption of energy drinks (p < 0.001). The reasons for drinking energy drinks were found to be recovery from fatigue, curiosity, taste, habit, thirst relief, and stress relief. In addition, 40.7% of participants experienced drinking energy drinks mixed with alcohol, and specifically 48.6% of male students and 27.4% of female students reported drinking energy drinks with alcohol (p < 0.001). Moreover, 51.5% of participants responded that they experienced the effects of energy drinks, 31.9% reported experiencing adverse effects, and 41.1% were found to perceive the health risks. As a result of the assessment of caffeine knowledge, the participants showed a high level of knowledge of the arousal effect (77.7%) and the concentration increasing effect (70.8%) of caffeine, whereas they exhibited a low level of understanding of the health problems due to caffeine (32.6%) and adequate caffeine intake levels (24.4%). The higher levels of consumption experience of energy drinks was associated with higher body mass indexes (BMI) (p < 0.01), higher academic years (p < 0.01), lower levels of interest in health (p < 0.05), smoking (p < 0.001), alcohol consumption (p < 0.05), and higher levels of perceived stress (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The risk groups related to consumption of energy drinks among college students were identified as male students rather than female students, students in the third or fourth year of study associated with increased stress levels, and students with negative health behaviors. Therefore, support for diverse health and nutrition education for college students is required along with the improvement of internal and external environments of schools in order for college students to manage increased stress levels due to the schoolwork and preparation for employment and maintain positive health behaviors.

Awareness and Consumption of Energy Drinks and Associated Factors among College Students in Cheongju / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to investigate the awareness of energy drinks, energy drink consumption behaviors, and associated factors among college students. METHODS: A total of 536 students from three universities in Cheongju completed a self-administered questionnaire regarding awareness and consumption of energy drinks as well as general characteristics, health-related characteristics, and eating habits. RESULTS: Approximately half of the respondents reported they knew what energy drinks were, while 45.7% had heard of energy drinks but did not know what they were. However, 76.9% had experience in using energy drinks. The main reason for using energy drinks was to stay awake, and the main place that they were used was on campus or at the library. More than 70% of energy drink users did not read the caffeine contents of energy drinks. After consuming energy drinks, 31.3% experienced adverse effects, the most serious being sleep disturbance. Approximately 33% of students consumed energy drinks once a month or more frequently, and men consumed energy drinks more frequently than females. Energy drink users who consumed at least one drink each month were more likely to be natural science major or drink more milk for male students, and to have more allowances or consume less meat for female students, compared with non-users. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that 33% of students consumed at least one energy drink each month, and there were a small number of students consumed energy drinks almost every day or energy drinks mixed with alcohol. Accordingly, college students should be taught potential health hazards of energy drinks mixed with alcohol as well as energy drinks alone. In addition, reading labels about caffeine and sugar contents in energy drinks is encouraged.

Consumption Behaviors of Energy Drinks and Comparison of Associated Factors Among College Students in Gwangju / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the current status of consumption of energy drinks among college students and investigate the effects of general environmental factors, health behavior factors, caffeine knowledge levels, and perceived stress levels on consumption of energy drinks. METHODS: A survey was conducted among a total of 479 college students in Gwangju, using self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaire consisted of items about general environmental factors, health behavior, caffeine knowledge, perceived stress, and energy drink consumption behaviors. RESULTS: 69.1% of participants experienced consumption of energy drinks, and specifically 82.8% of male students and 54.1% of female students experienced consumption of energy drinks (p < 0.001). The reasons for drinking energy drinks were found to be recovery from fatigue, curiosity, taste, habit, thirst relief, and stress relief. In addition, 40.7% of participants experienced drinking energy drinks mixed with alcohol, and specifically 48.6% of male students and 27.4% of female students reported drinking energy drinks with alcohol (p < 0.001). Moreover, 51.5% of participants responded that they experienced the effects of energy drinks, 31.9% reported experiencing adverse effects, and 41.1% were found to perceive the health risks. As a result of the assessment of caffeine knowledge, the participants showed a high level of knowledge of the arousal effect (77.7%) and the concentration increasing effect (70.8%) of caffeine, whereas they exhibited a low level of understanding of the health problems due to caffeine (32.6%) and adequate caffeine intake levels (24.4%). The higher levels of consumption experience of energy drinks was associated with higher body mass indexes (BMI) (p < 0.01), higher academic years (p < 0.01), lower levels of interest in health (p < 0.05), smoking (p < 0.001), alcohol consumption (p < 0.05), and higher levels of perceived stress (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The risk groups related to consumption of energy drinks among college students were identified as male students rather than female students, students in the third or fourth year of study associated with increased stress levels, and students with negative health behaviors. Therefore, support for diverse health and nutrition education for college students is required along with the improvement of internal and external environments of schools in order for college students to manage increased stress levels due to the schoolwork and preparation for employment and maintain positive health behaviors.