ABSTRACT
RESUMO: Na medida em que a disponibilidade de recursos hídricos, tanto em termos de quantidade quanto em termos de qualidade e tempo de recorrência, constitui um fator cada vez mais relevante ao desenvolvimento econômico e social, existe a necessidade de se voltar a atenção do planejamento para a sustentabilidade dos recursos hídricos, atuando principalmente de forma preventiva sobre a gestão da demanda. O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta metodológica que permite incluir a avaliação da disponibilidade dos recursos hídricos, em termos qualiquantitativos, em um processo de planejamento territorial. O trabalho pretende, fundamentalmente, despertar o debate sobre a necessidade de incluir, nas etapas iniciais dos processos de tomada de decisão, uma avaliação relativa à capacidade de atendimento, por parte dos recursos hídricos, às solicitações decorrentes do desenvolvimento territorial. A utilização da metodologia apresentada mostra-se potencialmente útil durante um processo de planejamento do uso dos recursos hídricos. Uma vez agregada ao processo de planejamento da ocupação do território, estaria se oferecendo aos tomadores de decisão uma valiosa contribuição no sentido de orientá-los para uma decisão adequada e esclarecida, que considera a avaliação da capacidade de suporte do recurso hídrico como um fator primordial a ser observado durante o planejamento.
ABSTRACT: Availability of water resources is increasingly lower, considering the amount and quality. There is a need of recovering this availability, focusing on the planning process on demand's management. The present paper presents a methodological approach that allows the evaluation of water resources' availability in a context of territorial planning as a way to assess the compatibility between the development needs and environmental answers. This paper intends to promote a discussion on the need to include, in the early stages of the decision-making process, an evaluation on the supplying capacity of water resources to the demands arising from the territorial development. The approach showed a promising potential to support the planning process, including water resources planning. By doing so, planning processes are potentially benefited, once decision-makers will be able to find a more suitable decision, which recognizes that the assessment of water resources' carrying capacity plays a major role during the planning process.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT An environmental zoning proposal due to the demand to develop strategies to ensure biodiversity scenarios for the remaining mixed ombrophilous forests was carried out for the Irati National Forest, a legally protected area for sustainable use located in southern Brazil. To identify land use and cover, Ikonos PSM images dated from December 2004, based on the interpretation of visual character and vectorization of orbital data were used. Qualitative and quantitative classifications identified six types of land and cover use: native forest, forestry, capoeira grass, wetland, araucaria plantation, and anthropic. The native forest relative to the mixed ombrophilous forest was the prevailing type of land cover. The environmental zoning proposal defined seven zones of use, some that involved several potentially harmful activities to the biodiversity of the Irati National Forest. The environmental zone proposal, based on ecosystem conservation, outlined specific factors that enhanced ecosystem and community viability, supporting the design and evaluation of the management plan of the Irati National Forest.
ABSTRACT
La participación comunitaria es un aspecto relevante en la toma de decisiones para la implementación de acciones relacionadas con la protección del patrimonio natural. Objetivo: En el presente trabajo el principal objetivo es la construcción participativa de los lineamientos de uso y conservación de humedales en el sector El Ocho y Páramo de Letras. Método: La metodología comprende los siguientes pasos: 1) revisión de información secundaria; 2) una zonificación ambiental participativa de los sistemas productivos mediante la técnica de mapas parlantes, con la ayuda de la herramienta de AutoCAD; y 3) análisis del potencial turístico y florístico con base en los saberes tradicionales, y utilizando entrevistas con la comunidad, potenciales turistas y charlas informales. Resultado principal: La comunidad tiene conocimiento tradicional de los beneficios que ofrecen los recursos del ecosistema, pero no tiene las herramientas para lograr un sistema productivo sostenible; la zona de estudio tiene un gran potencial turístico, debido a las ventajas de paisaje e infraestructura; el uso actual del suelo es inadecuado con respecto a la normatividad ambiental. Conclusión principal: Es necesario formular e implementar estrategias de uso y conservación de humedales altoandinos que sean adecuados a las particularidades del ecosistema bajo estudio, puesto que las estrategias existentes a nivel nacional e internacional son muy generales.
Community participation is a relevant aspect in decisions making concerning the implementation of actions related to protection of natural heritage. In the present work, the main purpose is the participative construction of the guidelines for the use and conservation of wetlands in El Ocho and Páramo de Letras. The methodology includes the following steps: 1) review of secondary information; 2) a participatory environmental zoning of the productive systems using the talking maps technique and the AutoCAD tool; and 3) floral and touristic potential analysis, on the basis of traditional knowledge, by means of interviews to the community, potential tourists and informal talks. The main result of this research indicates that the community has traditional knowledge of the benefits offered by the ecosystem resources, but they do not have the necessary tools to achieve a sustainable productive system. The study area has a great touristic potential, due to its advantages of landscape and infrastructure but the current use of the land is inadequate according to the environmental law. The main conclusion of the work is that it is necessary to formulate and implement strategies for use and conservation of High Andean Wetlands which are adequate for the ecosystem under study, as the current national and international strategies are too general.