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Objective: This proof-of-principle aims to develop an index to aid the differential diagnosis of disorders affecting testicular and/or epididymis. A total of 202 subject data were evaluated in two groups: fertile men with children naturally conceived within 1 year of unprotected intercourse (n = 36) and infertile men (n = 166) who had attempted a pregnancy more than 1 year with unprotected intercourse. Materials and methods: Semen parameters (sperm count, vitality, motility, morphology, and hypoosmotic swelling test [HOST]) were evaluated. The index was calculated by dividing the percentage HOST by the percentage of sperm progressive motility in the fertile group (n = 36). Results: A normal range from 1.23 to 1.53 was determined. Using this index, the outcomes of semen analysis from infertile men were grouped in three study groups: below 1.23 (n = 24), normal (n = 44), and higher than 1.53 (n = 98). These parameters were significantly decreased in semen with normal range (p < 0.01) and in indexes higher than 1.53 (p < 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic curves compared progressive motility and morphology in infertile men with indexes higher than 1.53 shows that semen samples with normal sperm progressive motility and morphology did not suggest dysfunctions in testis and epididymis. Semen samples with asthenozoospermia suggested epididymal dysfunction (area under the curve [AUC] 0.889, confidence interval [CI] 0.783-1), whereas semen samples with teratoasthenozoospermia suggested dysfunction in both testicles and epididymis (AUC 0.891, CI 0.77-1). Conclusions: The current index proof-of-principle of the success of such a strategy provides valuable information about whether a disorder individually affects testicular and/or epididymal function.
Objetivo: Esta prueba de principio tiene como objetivo desarrollar un índice que ayude al diagnóstico diferencial de los trastornos testiculares y/o epidídimales. Métodos: Se evaluaron 202 individuos divididos en dos grupos: hombres fértiles con hijos concebidos de forma natural en el plazo no mayor a un año (n = 36) y hombres infértiles (n = 166), los cuales habían intentado un embarazo por más de un año. Se evaluaron los parámetros seminales (concentración, viabilidad, movilidad, morfología y prueba de hinchazón hipoosmótica [HOST]). El índice se calculó dividiendo el porcentaje de HOST por el porcentaje de movilidad espermática progresiva en el grupo fértil (n = 36). Resultados: Se determinó un rango normal de 1,23 a 1,53. Utilizando este índice, los resultados del análisis del semen de los hombres infértiles se agruparon en tres grupos de estudio: por debajo de 1,23 (n = 24), normal (n = 44) y superior a 1,53 (n = 98). En contraste, estos parámetros disminuyeron significativamente en el semen de rango normal (p < 0,01) y en los índices superiores a 1,53 (p < 0,0001). Las curvas ROC comparadas con la movilidad espermática progresiva y la morfología en los hombres infértiles con índices superiores a 1,53 muestran que las muestras de semen con movilidad progresiva y morfología normales no sugieren disfunciones en los testículos y epidídimos. Las muestras de semen con astenozoospermia sugerirían una disfunción del epidídimo (AUC 0,889, IC 0,783-1), mientras que las muestra de semen que presentaban teratoastenozoospermia sugerirían una disfunción tanto en los testículos como en el epidídimo (AUC 0,891, IC 0,77-1).
Subject(s)
Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Epididymitis can be caused by infectious and noninfectious etiological factors. While microbial infections are responsible for infectious epididymitis, the etiological factors contributing to noninfectious epididymitis remain to be defined. The present study demonstrated that damaged male germ cells (DMGCs) induce epididymitis in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of the alkylating agent busulfan damaged murine male germ cells. Epididymitis was observed in mice 4 weeks after the injection of busulfan and was characterized by massive macrophage infiltration. Epididymitis was coincident with an accumulation of DMGCs in the epididymis. In contrast, busulfan injection into mice lacking male germ cells did not induce epididymitis. DMGCs induced innate immune responses in epididymal epithelial cells (EECs), thereby upregulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), as well as the chemokines such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-5 (MCP-5), and chemokine ligand-10 (CXCL10). These results suggest that male germ cell damage may induce noninfectious epididymitis through the induction of innate immune responses in EECs. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying noninfectious epididymitis, which might aid in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
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Objective@#To evaluate the efficacy of Fufang-Xuanju capsule combined with levofloxacin mesylate tablets in the treatment of chronic epididymitis.@*Methods@#A total of 76 patients in the Urology Department of Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences who met the inclusion criteria from December 2016 to February 2019, were divided into treatment group (43 cases) and control group (33 cases). The control group was given levofloxacin mesylate tablets orally. The treatment group was given Fufang-Xuanju capsule based on the control group. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. Chronic epididymitis symptom index (CESI) was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy by pain score and quality of life score.@*Results@#The total effective rate was 83.7% (36/43) in the treatment group and 63.6% (26/33) in the control group. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups (χ2=4.020, P=0.045). Compared with baseline, the pain scores, quality of life scores and total scores of both groups at 2, 4 weeks after treatment were significantly lower (P<0.01). Two weeks after the treatment, the pain scores, quality of life scores and total scores in the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group (F value were 16.132, 9.134 and 23.681, respectively, all Ps<0.01). And 4 weeks after the treatment, the pain scores, quality of life scores and total scores of the treatment group were significantly lower than that of the control group (F value were 28.741, 74.049, 72.483, respectively, all Ps<0.01).@*Conclusions@#Fufang-Xuanju capsule combined with levofloxacin mesylate tablets can alleviate the pain of patients with chronic epididymitis, improve the quality of life and improve the clinical efficacy.
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Epididymitis is a commonly diagnosed disease associated with male infertility. However, little is known about the molecules that are involved in its development. This study was to identify critical genes associated with lipopolysaccharide-induced epididymitis and analyze the molecular mechanism of epididymitis through RNA sequencing. Experimental epididymitis models were generated by administering male Sprague-Dawley rats' lipopolysaccharide. A total of 1378 differentially expressed genes, including 531 upregulated and 847 downregulated genes, were identified in the epididymitis model rats compared with those in sham-operated rats by RNA sequencing. Functional enrichment analyses suggested that the upregulated genes were markedly enriched in inflammation-related biological processes, as well as in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, complement and coagulation cascades, and in the chemokine signaling pathway. Four downregulated genes (collagen type XXVIII alpha 1 chain [Col28α1], cyclin-dependent kinase-like 1 [Cdkl1], phosphoserine phosphatase [Psph], and fatty acid desaturase 2 [Fads2]) and ten upregulated genes (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta [Cebpβ], C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 [Cxcr2], interleukin 11 [Il11], C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 [Ccl20], nuclear factor-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [Nfkbiα], claudin 4 [Cldn4], matrix metallopeptidase 9 [Mmp9], heat shock 70 kDa protein 8 [Hspa8], intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 [Icam1], and Jun) were successfully confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Western blot demonstrated that CDKL1 was decreased, while MMP9 and NFKBIA were increased in the experimental model group compared with those in the sham-operated group. Our study sheds new light on the understanding of the early response of the epididymis during bacterial epididymitis.
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Objective: To explore the safety and clinical efficacy of Longqing Tablets in the adjuvant treatment of acute epididymitis. Methods: A total of 80 cases of acute epididymitis aged from 18 to 40 were randomly divided into control group and observation group. The control group was treated with antibiotics, while the observation group was treated with antibiotics combined with Longqing Tablets (six tablets per time, bid) for 14 d. The clinical efficacy, obvious and effective rate, pain relief time, semen analysis before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results: After two weeks of treatment, 28 patients in the observation group were effective, 12 patients were effective, 0 patients were ineffective, the marked efficiency was 70.0%, the total effective rate was 100%. Totally 19 patients in the control group were effective, 18 patients were effective, three patients were ineffective, the marked efficiency was 47.5%, and the total effective rate was 92.5%. The marked efficiency and total effective rate in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). Two weeks after treatment, the total sperm motility, normal morphological sperm rate and sperm concentration in the observation group were better than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The pain relief time of the observation group (51.0 ± 28.5) h was shorter than that of the control group (70.0 ± 23.5) h, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Two months after treatment, the scrotal color Doppler ultrasonography showed five cases of epididymal nodules in the observation group and nine cases in the control group. Conclusion: Longqing Tablets are safe and effective in the adjuvant treatment of acute epididymitis. It can effectively relieve pain and promote the decline of inflammation, and has no obvious adverse effect on semen quality. The effect of continuous application is exact, which is helpful to shorten the course of disease, and is worthy of application and promotion.
ABSTRACT
Epididymitis is a commonly diagnosed disease associated with male infertility. However, little is known about the molecules that are involved in its development. This study was to identify critical genes associated with lipopolysaccharide-induced epididymitis and analyze the molecular mechanism of epididymitis through RNA sequencing. Experimental epididymitis models were generated by administering male Sprague-Dawley rats' lipopolysaccharide. A total of 1378 differentially expressed genes, including 531 upregulated and 847 downregulated genes, were identified in the epididymitis model rats compared with those in sham-operated rats by RNA sequencing. Functional enrichment analyses suggested that the upregulated genes were markedly enriched in inflammation-related biological processes, as well as in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, complement and coagulation cascades, and in the chemokine signaling pathway. Four downregulated genes (collagen type XXVIII alpha 1 chain [Col28α1], cyclin-dependent kinase-like 1 [Cdkl1], phosphoserine phosphatase [Psph], and fatty acid desaturase 2 [Fads2]) and ten upregulated genes (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta [Cebpβ], C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 [Cxcr2], interleukin 11 [Il11], C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 [Ccl20], nuclear factor-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [Nfkbiα], claudin 4 [Cldn4], matrix metallopeptidase 9 [Mmp9], heat shock 70 kDa protein 8 [Hspa8], intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 [Icam1], and Jun) were successfully confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Western blot demonstrated that CDKL1 was decreased, while MMP9 and NFKBIA were increased in the experimental model group compared with those in the sham-operated group. Our study sheds new light on the understanding of the early response of the epididymis during bacterial epididymitis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Base Sequence/genetics , Disease Models, Animal , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Epididymis/metabolism , Epididymitis/metabolism , Gene Expression Profiling , Genes/genetics , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Analysis, RNAABSTRACT
Obstructive azoospermia caused by acute epididymitis is usually permanent, and microsurgical vasoepididymostomy is the only reconstructive treatment option. There have been no reports of delayed recovery of sperm count after over 1 year in a patient with obstructive azoospermia related to history of acute epididymitis. We present a young male patient who had azoospermia and a history of acute epididymitis who experienced delayed recovery, with complete restoration of sperm production and the ability to conceive naturally.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Azoospermia , Epididymitis , Infertility , Sperm Count , SpermatozoaABSTRACT
Chronic epididymitis and varicocele are frequently observed genital disorders in men consulting for couple infertility, but their impact on semen characteristics at the time of infertility consultation is still a matter of debate. We investigated 652 male partners of couples who had their first infertility consultation between 1999 and 2015 in Argentina. Men with chronic epididymitis (n = 253), Grade III varicocele (n = 106), and both conditions (n = 125) were compared with a control group (n = 168) composed of men without these disorders or any other recognized causes of male infertility. We showed that men who presented isolated chronic epididymitis were more likely to have high percentages of low sperm motility and abnormal sperm morphology as well as a high number of white blood cells. Men with isolated Grade III varicocele had low sperm production and motility and an increased percentage of abnormal sperm morphology. Finally, men who simultaneously presented chronic epididymitis with Grade III varicocele had a low sperm motility and increased percentage of abnormal sperm morphology as well as a high number of white blood cells. Physical examination of the genital organs may identify common disorders, potentially involved as causal factors of patient's infertility. These disorders are associated with specific seminal profiles that should help in identifying the best treatment from the available therapeutic options, effectiveness, safety, and allowing as much as possible natural conception.
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Objective To investigate the risk factors associated with epididymitis after transurethral resection of prostate.Methods A retrospective analysis of 352 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who underwent transurethral resection of prostate in X'an Aerospace General Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 was performed.There were 14 cases of epididymitis and 338 cases of nonepididymitis.Measurement data were expressed as ((x) ± s),t test was used for comparison between groups;count data was expressed by rate (％),and chi-square test was used for comparison between groups.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used for factors that may lead to post-urethral epididymitis.Results Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative leukocytic positive,urine glucose positive and prostate volume had significant effects on postoperative epididymitis (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that prostate volume increased (OR =0.182,P =0.005)was an independent risk factor for postoperative epididymitis.Conclusion The enlargement of prostate volume is an independent risk factor for postoperative epididymitis.For large-volume prostate surgery,the purpose of relieving obstruction can be achieved.
ABSTRACT
Chronic epididymitis and varicocele are frequently observed genital disorders in men consulting for couple infertility, but their impact on semen characteristics at the time of infertility consultation is still a matter of debate. We investigated 652 male partners of couples who had their first infertility consultation between 1999 and 2015 in Argentina. Men with chronic epididymitis (n = 253), Grade III varicocele (n = 106), and both conditions (n = 125) were compared with a control group (n = 168) composed of men without these disorders or any other recognized causes of male infertility. We showed that men who presented isolated chronic epididymitis were more likely to have high percentages of low sperm motility and abnormal sperm morphology as well as a high number of white blood cells. Men with isolated Grade III varicocele had low sperm production and motility and an increased percentage of abnormal sperm morphology. Finally, men who simultaneously presented chronic epididymitis with Grade III varicocele had a low sperm motility and increased percentage of abnormal sperm morphology as well as a high number of white blood cells. Physical examination of the genital organs may identify common disorders, potentially involved as causal factors of patient's infertility. These disorders are associated with specific seminal profiles that should help in identifying the best treatment from the available therapeutic options, effectiveness, safety, and allowing as much as possible natural conception.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Argentina , Chronic Disease , Epididymitis/pathology , Infertility, Male/pathology , Semen/cytology , Semen Analysis , Sperm Count , Sperm Motility , Spermatozoa/pathology , Varicocele/pathologyABSTRACT
Abstract Although histoplasmosis is generally a self-limited disease, disseminated infection can occur in patients lacking effective cell-mediated immunity, reaching virtually every organ, even the genitourinary tract in rare cases. We report a case of epididymo-orchitis in an immunocompetent 38-year-old bricklayer from the rural area of Villeta, Cundinamarca, Colombia. The patient presented with testicular pain and macroscopic scrotal changes requiring a left orchiectomy, with microbiological isolation and molecular confirmation of Histoplasma capsulatum.
Subject(s)
Animals , Triatominae/classification , Abbreviations as Topic , Insect Vectors/classificationABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a patogenicidade, em ovinos, de uma cepa de Actinobacillus seminis isolada de caprino no Brasil. Foram utilizadas amostras de sêmen, punção e fragmentos de epidídimo, ducto deferente, testículos e glândulas seminíferas de dois caprinos (animais 1 e 2) e dois ovinos (animais 3 e 4), e foram realizados exame histopatológico, cultivo microbiológico e diagnóstico molecular. O inóculo foi preparado com solução salina na diluição de 10-2 correspondendo ao padrão 1,0 da escala de McFarland, com colônias previamente cultivadas de A. seminis e administrado no volume de 2 mL pelas vias intra-prepucial (animais 1 e 3) e na cauda do epidídimo (animais 2 e 4). Na avaliação clínica observou-se aumento unilateral de consistência firme após 30 dias no epidídimo e testículo do animal 4 que continuou até o dia da eutanásia, bem como o animal 1 apresentou discreto aumento unilateral dos testículos. As lesões macroscópicas e microscópicas observadas nos animais 3 e 4 foram compatíveis com aquelas causadas pela infecção por A. seminis. A. seminis foi isolado de material de punção e sêmen de um ovino (animal 4). Conclui-se que o modelo de infecção experimental utilizando caprinos e ovinos comprovou a patogenicidade da amostra de A. seminis, isolada de um caprino no semiárido brasileiro e reproduzida em um ovino, comprovando a predileção do agente pelo epidídimo, com quadro clinico, achados histopatológicos, isolamento bacteriano e diagnóstico molecular positivo.(AU)
The aim of this study was to evaluate, in sheep, the pathogenicity of an Actinobacillus seminis strain isolated from a goat in Brazil. Samples of semen, puncture and fragments of epididymis, deferent duct, testicles and seminal vesicles from two goats (animals 1 and 2) and two sheep (animals 3 and 4) were used, and histopathological, microbiological culture and molecular diagnoses were performed. The inoculum was prepared with saline solution at 10-2 dilution corresponding to 1.0 McFarland standard, with A. seminis colonies previously cultured and administered on 2mL volume by intra-preputial (animals 1 and 3) and epididymis tail (animals 2 and 4) routes. At clinical evaluation it were found unilateral swelling of firm consistency after 30 days in epididymis and testicle from animal 4 that continued until the day of euthanasia, as well as animal 1 shown discrete unilateral swelling of testicles. Gross and microscopic lesions in animals 3 and 4 were compatibles with that caused by A. seminis infection. A. seminis was isolated from material of puncture and semen of one sheep (animal 4). It is concluded that the experimental infection model using goats and sheep has proved the pathogenicity of the A. seminis strain isolated from a goat in the Brazilian semiarid and reproduced in a sheep, which confirm the prediletion of the agent for epididymis, with clinical signs, histopathological findings, bacterial isolation and positive molecular diagnosis.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Ruminants/microbiology , Sheep/microbiology , Actinobacillus seminis/pathogenicity , Epididymitis/veterinaryABSTRACT
Objective To summarize the nursing for acute epididymitis within intermittent catheterization. Methods From August, 2013 to February, 2016, twelve patients suffering acute epididymitis within intermittent catheterization after spinal cord injury were reviewed. Re-sults Epididymitis was cured in all the patients after retention catheterization, psychological nuring, diet and drinking guide, reasonable drug use, etc. Conclusion Acute epididymitis within intermittent catheterization can be controlled by appropriate medication and nursing.
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[Objective]The article summarizes the essentials of clinical dialectical experience by PENG Jianming on using Goujutang in curing epididymits and orchitis.[Methods]From following teacher PENG's clinical studies, recording teacher PENG's three medical cases and making analysis,we can summarize the thoughts and experience on using Goujutang in treating epididymits and orchitis.[Results]Teacher Peng considers that epididymits and orchitis have disease much due to the liver channel downward flow of damp-heat, causing local blood stagnation, so treatment Goujutang as basic party to smooth liver regulating qi,resolve dampness and clear away heat;and then plus the herbal medicine which can clear away heat and toxic materials,clearing damp and promoting diuresis,softening hardness to dissipate stagnation,removing stasis to ease pain.So we use Goujutang to treat epididymitis and orchitis, which can obtain good effect.[Conclusion]Teacher PENG's experience on using Goujutang in treating epididymits and orchitis has positive effect and is worthy of further study.
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Chronic scrotal content pain remains one of the more challenging urological problems to manage. This is a frustrating disorder to diagnose and effectively treat for both the patient and clinician, as no universally accepted treatment guidelines exist. Many patients with this condition end up seeing physicians across many disciplines, further frustrating them. The pathogenesis is not clearly understood, and the treatment ultimately depends on the etiology of the problem. This article reviews the current understanding of chronic scrotal content pain, focusing on the diagnostic work-up and treatment options.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Chronic Pain , Epididymis , Epididymitis , Pelvic Pain , VasovasostomyABSTRACT
A epididimite infecciosa ovina é uma das principais enfermidades reprodutivas de carneiros. O presente estudo teve por objetivo desenvolver protocolos de PCR em tempo real para B. ovis e H. somni e avaliar sua aplicabilidade em amostras de sêmen e urina de carneiros. Delinearam-se primers e sondas espécie-específicos para cada agente. As sondas foram delineadas com o sistema TaqMan incorporando um marcador FAM para B. ovis e Cy5 para H. somni na extremidade 5' e um quencher na extremidade 3'. A PCR em tempo real para B. ovis e H. somni foi altamente sensível, uma vez que a amplificação de DNA ocorreu com até 0,2ng de DNA/reação. A especificidade dos iniciadores e sondas foi avaliada com amostras de DNA de outros agentes causadores de epididimite ovina e nenhuma amplificação inespecífica foi observada. A aplicabilidade da técnica em amostras biológicas também foi confirmada, pois não houve perda de eficácia (P>0,05) quando comparada à PCR convencional com amostras de sêmen e urina de carneiros experimentalmente infectados.
Subject(s)
Animals , Brucella ovis/isolation & purification , Epididymitis/diagnosis , Sheep/microbiology , Pasteurellaceae/isolation & purification , Semen/microbiology , Urine/microbiology , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinaryABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the incidence of postoperative epididymitis by laparoscopic cluster ligation and laparoscopic internal spermatic vein high ligation in the treatment of varicocele. Methods Forty-four cases of bilateral varicocele were retrospectively analyzed , who had undergone laparoscopic spermatic vein ligation. The 22 cases were treated with laparoscopic cluster ligation, and the other 22 cases with laparoscopic internal spermatic vein high ligation. The effects and the reasons of two kinds of surgical procedures on postoperative epididymitis were investigated. Results A total of seven patients were affected with postoperative epididymitis. The incidence of laparoscopic cluster ligation was 27.27%. The incidence of laparoscopic internal spermatic vein high ligation was 4.55%. All cases were affected within 4 weeks after surgery. Conclusion It is important to reserve the spermatic artery for decreasing the incidence of postoperative epididymitis.
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Introduction Epididymitis in patients with anorectal malformation (ARM) represents a unique problem because unlike the general population, an underlying urinary tract problem is frequently identified. We review our experience with epididymitis in ARM population with an emphasis on examining urologic outcomes. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective review of male patients with ARM cared for from 1980 to 2010. Clinical and pathologic variables recorded included age at presentation, recurrence, associated urologic anomalies, incidence of ureteral fusion with mesonephric ductal structures, glomerular filtration rate and urodynamic parameters. Results Twenty-six patients were identified with documented episodes of epididymitis. Renal injury was noted in five patients (19%), all of whom were diagnosed with neurogenic bladder (NGB) several years after anorectoplasty. NGB was found in ten patients (38%) in our series. Ectopic insertion of ureter into a mesonephric ductal structure was discovered in five patients (19%). Twelve patients (46%) had recurrent episodes of epididymitis, with seven of these patients (58%) being diagnosed with NGB. Two patients in the pubertal group presented with a history of epididymitis and complained of ejaculatory pain. Conclusion Epididymitis in a patient with ARM warrants a comprehensive urologic investigation, particularly in recurrent episodes. Attempts at surgical intervention (e.g. vasectomy) should be avoided until functional assessment of the urinary tract has occurred. Failure to recognize this association may lead to potentially avoidable complications and morbidity. Long term urological follow up of these patients is warranted to identify at risk patients and minimize renal deterioration .
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Male , Young Adult , Anus, Imperforate/complications , Epididymitis/etiology , Urologic Diseases/etiology , Anus, Imperforate/physiopathology , Anus, Imperforate/surgery , Cystoscopy , Epididymitis/physiopathology , Epididymitis/surgery , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Urodynamics , Urinary Bladder Fistula/physiopathology , Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/etiology , Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/physiopathology , Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/surgery , Urinary Bladder/physiopathology , Urologic Diseases/physiopathology , Urologic Diseases/surgeryABSTRACT
The present study reports the first isolation of Actinobacillus seminis from a goat in Brazil. A four-year-old Moxotó breeding goat in a flock of 70 goats and 65 sheep reared together in the county of Patos, semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil, showed clinical signs of unilateral orchitis and epididymitis. Diagnosis of A. seminis infection was confirmed by association of clinical findings, bacterial isolation and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This result suggests that A. seminis may be an additional cause of infertility in goats, and that sheep may be the source of infection because the mixed farming system allows the contact between sheep and goats in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Actinobacillus Infections/veterinary , Actinobacillus seminis/isolation & purification , Epididymitis/veterinary , Goat Diseases/microbiology , Orchitis/veterinary , Actinobacillus Infections/complications , Actinobacillus Infections/microbiology , Actinobacillus seminis/classification , Actinobacillus seminis/genetics , Brazil , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Epididymitis/complications , Epididymitis/microbiology , Goats , Orchitis/complications , Orchitis/microbiology , /genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
O objetivo deste artigo é relatar um caso de orquiepididimite associado com infecção por Salmonella enterica subespécie diarizonae em carneiro da raça Santa Inês de quatro anos de idade, vasectomizado. Ao exame clínico reprodutivo, o animal mostrou aumento severo do conteúdo escrotal, sendo o testículo direito maior do que o esquerdo e a cauda do epidídimo direita maior do que a esquerda. A consistência testicular, avaliada em escala de 1 a 5, foi 5 para o testículo direito e 2,5 para o esquerdo; o órgão apresentava-se muito sensível ao toque. Na ultrassonografia foram observadas estruturas anecoicas/hipoecoicas circulares na cauda do epidídimo, sugestivas de abscessos; alguns pontos hiperecogênicos no parênquima testicular, sugerindo lesões de calcificação; e todo o testículo direito rodeado por imagem hipoecoica, indicativa de edema. Uma das estruturas da cauda do epidídimo direita foi puncionada, encontrando-se exsudato purulento, o qual foi enviado para exame microbiológico, sendo isolada e identificada Salmonella enterica subespécie diarizonae. O carneiro foi submetido a orquiepididectomia, e o órgão foi caracterizado macroscopicamente por adesões fibrosas entre as camadas escrotais, coexistência de abscessos epididimários e degeneração testicular. A Salmonella enterica subespécie diarizonae deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de infecção genital em ovinos.
The objective of this manuscript was to report a case of orchiepididymitis associated with Salmonella enterica subespécie diarizonae infection in a vasectomized 4-year-old Santa Inês ram. In the clinical-reproductive examination, the animal showed a severe enlargement of the scrotal contents, being the right testicle larger than left, and the right epididymal cauda was higher than the left. The testicular consistency, evaluated in a scale from 1 to 5, was 5 to the right and 2.5 to the left, and the organ was very sensitive to the touch. In the ultrasound circular structures anechoic/hypoechoic in the epididymal cauda were observed, and in the parenchyma of testicles some points of hyperechogenic image, suggesting calcification lesions and the entire right testicle was surrounded by hypoechoic image, indicative of edema. One of those structures of the right epididymal cauda was aspirated and a purulent exsudate was found, which was sent to microbiological exam, was isolated and identified Salmonella enterica subespécie diarizonae. The ram was submitted to orchiepididectomy, and the organ was characterized macroscopically by fibrous adhesions between scrotum layers, coexistence of epididymal abscesses and testicular degeneration. The Salmonella enterica subspecie diarizonae must be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of ovine genital infections.