ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Esophageal cancer staging has been performed through bronchoscopy, computerized tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). Whereas CT and PET scan provide assessments of distant metastasis, bronchoscopy importantly diagnoses tracheobronchial involvement, complementing chest CT findings. EUS is the most accurate examination for T and N staging but is technically limited when tumoral stenoses cannot be traversed. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) appears to present greater accuracy than EUS, CT, and bronchoscopy for assessing tracheobronchial wall involvement. EBUS has been recently associated with EUS for esophageal cancer staging in our unit. OBJECTIVE: To compare EBUS findings in esophageal cancer patients without evident signs of tracheobronchial invasion on conventional bronchoscopy with EUS and CT. METHODS: Fourteen patients with esophageal cancer underwent CT, conventional bronchoscopy, EUS, and EBUS for preoperative staging. All patients underwent EBUS and EUS with an Olympus® MH-908 echoendoscope at 7.5 MHz. Seven patients were eligible for the study according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: The echoendoscope could not traverse tumoral esophageal stenosis to perform EUS in two patients, and invasion was effectively diagnosed by EBUS. In 4 (57%) of 7 patients EBUS revealed additional information to staging. In the remaining 3 cases the invasion findings were the same under both EUS and EBUS. CONCLUSION: EBUS showed signs of tracheobronchial invasion not observed by conventional bronchoscopy, adding information to staging in most of the cases when compared with CT and EUS.
Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Middle Aged , Bronchial Neoplasms , Bronchoscopy/methods , Carcinoma , Endosonography/methods , Esophageal Neoplasms , Trachea , Bronchial Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma/pathology , Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Staging , Trachea/pathologyABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados da derivação esofagogástrica no câncer avançado do esôfago. MÉTODO: Foram estudados de forma retrospectiva 24 pacientes com carcinoma epidermóide de esôfago nos estádios III (66,66 por cento) e IV (33,34 por cento), submetidos à derivação esofagogástrica através da construção do tubo gástrico isoperistáltico da grande curvatura pela técnica de Postlethwait. RESULTADOS: Quanto à morbidade e mortalidade, os pacientes de média etária de 41,8 anos e linfócitos acima de 1.500/mm³ demonstraram taxas de complicações pós-operatórias inferiores àqueles com média de 54,09 anos. A fístula da anastomose, embora seja considerada comum (15 casos - 62,50 por cento), apresentou evolução benigna e ocluiu espontaneamente em 14 casos. Não houve qualquer tipo de complicação cirúrgica pós-operatória em cinco casos (20,83 por cento), o tempo médio cirúrgico foi de 285,77 minutos, e a mortalidade operatória de sete casos (29,17 por cento). A sobrevida foi 4,19 meses. CONCLUSÕES: Em vista da ocorrência de complicações, que determinam altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade, o tubo gástrico isoperistáltico é um método de tratamento cirúrgico que deve ser dirigido a pacientes selecionados, em especial àqueles com número alto de linfócitos e idade mais baixa.
BACKGROUND: Evaluation of esophageal gastric derivation with isoperistaltic gastric tube in advanced esophageal cancer. METHOD: Twenty-four patients presenting esophageal squamous cell carcinoma classified as stage III (66.66 percent) and IV (33.34 percent), were submitted to an esophagus gastric derivation through the construction of an isoperistaltic gastric tube of the large flexure, using the Postlethwait's technique. RESULTS: Patients with a mean age of 41.8 years and lymphocytes above 1,500/mm³, showed less postoperative disorders than those with a mean age of 54.09 years. Anastomotic fistula, although considered normal in 15 cases (62.50 percent), presented a benign evolution and spontaneously healed in 14 cases. No postoperative complications were observed in 5 cases (20.83 percent) and mean surgical time was 285.77 minutes. Survival rate was 4.19 months. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of high morbidity and mortality rates the isoperistaltic tube is a surgical procedure that must be suggested to well selected cases, specially those with a great rate of lymphocytes, low mean age and in cases where anastomosis fistula has a benign evolution.