Satisfacción de pacientes desde la perspectiva de los valores ético-profesionales de la relación odontólogo-paciente

Introducción: La ética profesional permite calificar los actos humanos desde una perspectiva afirmativa o negativa, donde los valores éticos y sociales permiten relacionarse eficazmente en el entorno profesional. Objetivo: Identificar el nivel de satisfacción de los pacientes desde la perspectiva de los valores éticos de la relación odontólogo-paciente de los consultorios "Centro Odontológico Integral" del Dr. Guillermo Méndez y "Design Dental" del Dr. Freddy Santillán, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, mediante la aplicación de una encuesta a 44 pacientes de dichos consultorios donde se analizaron las variables: satisfacción en la relación interpersonal, satisfacción sobre calidad de atención, escala de valoración sobre la atención odontológica y tiempo ideal de espera en consulta, luego de recibir su tratamiento odontológico. Resultados: El 89 % de los encuestados percibió una relación con el odontólogo amigable y favorable. En la satisfacción con la calidad de la atención un 41 % consideró que sí ha creado un vínculo interpersonal con su odontólogo, un 59 % no lo cree así. En cuanto a la evaluación de la atención odontológica el 64 % le otorgó el máximo de 10 puntos. El 25 % de los pacientes concordó en que el tiempo ideal de espera en consulta debía ser de 20 minutos y otro porcentaje, alto, de 48 %, consideró que el ideal fuera de 30 minutos. Conclusiones: Más de la mitad de los pacientes indican que se sienten satisfechos con el tratamiento que les brindó el odontólogo.

Introduction: Professional ethics allows for characterization of the human behavior from an affirmative or negative perspective in which the ethical and social values make possible a more effective relationship among dentists and their professional environment. Objective: To identify the level of satisfaction in patients treated in both dental offices, "Centro Odontológico Integral" manages by Dr. Guillermo Méndez and "Design Dental" manages by Dr. Freddy Santillán, in Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador. Method: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with the use of a questionnaire to 44 patients of these dental offices; the variables analyzed were as follow: interpersonal relationship satisfaction, patient satisfaction with quality of care, evaluation scale on dental care and ideal waiting time in the office after receiving dental treatment. Results: The 89% of respondents perceived a friendly and favorable relationship with dentists. Concerning patients' satisfaction on quality of care, 41% considered that they had created an interpersonal relationship with their dentist, but the other 59% expressed the opposite. As for the evaluation of dental care, 64% gave it a maximum of 10 points. Twenty-five percent of the patients agreed that the ideal waiting time for consultation should be 20 minutes and another high percentage, 48%, considered that the ideal waiting time should be 30 minutes. Conclusions: More than half of patients reported that they were satisfied with the treatment provided by dentists.

Introdução: A ética profissional permite qualificar os atos humanos sob uma perspectiva afirmativa ou negativa, onde os valores éticos e sociais permitem relações efetivas no ambiente profissional. Objetivo: Identificar o nível de satisfação do paciente desde a perspectiva dos valores éticos da relação dentista-paciente dos consultórios "Centro Odontológico Integral" do Dr. Guillermo Méndez e "Design Dental" do Dr. Freddy Santillán, Santo Domingo de Tsáchilas, Equador. Método: Realizou-se um estudo transversal descritivo, através da aplicação de um questionário a 44 pacientes das referidas clínicas onde foram analisadas as variáveis: satisfação no relacionamento interpessoal, satisfação com a qualidade do atendimento, escala de avaliação do atendimento odontológico e ideal tempo de espera na consulta, após receber seu tratamento odontológico. Resultados: 89% dos entrevistados perceberam uma relação amigável e favorável com o dentista. Quanto à satisfação com a qualidade do atendimento, 41% consideraram ter criado vínculo interpessoal com seu dentista, 59% não. Quanto à avaliação da assistência odontológica, 64% atribuíram nota máxima de 10 pontos. 25% dos pacientes concordaram que o tempo ideal de espera na consulta deveria ser de 20 minutos e outro alto percentual, 48%, considerou que o ideal seria de 30 minutos. Conclusões: Mais de metade dos pacientes indica que se sente satisfeito com o tratamento prestado pelo médico dentista.

Reflexiones sobre los valores éticos de la protección radiológica para los profesionales tecnólogos médicos de imagenología / Reflections on the ethical values of radiation protection for the professional medical technologists in imaging

Las radiaciones ionizantes tienen el potencial de generar efectos adversos a la salud de las personas. Para hacer un uso más seguro y eficiente de estas radiaciones, la Comisión Internacional de Protección Radiológica fundamentalmente ha implementado un sistema de protección radiológica (SPR) que se basa en tres principios: justificación, optimización y límites. A su vez, estos principios se sustentan en cuatro valores éticos (beneficencia, prudencia, justicia y dignidad). Se sabe que en Chile el profesional que esta mandatado para realizar la toma de los exámenes que utilizan radiaciones ionizantes es el/la Tecnólogo Médico en Imagenología. Por lo tanto, resulta interesante valorar el grado de conocimiento adquirido y posteriormente aplicado en torno a los valores éticos del SPR por parte de dichos profesionales. De esta manera el objetivo del este artículo de tipo Punto de Vista fue realizar una serie de reflexiones en torno a esta temática. Cuando se realiza un procedimientos médico u odontológico con radiaciones ionizantes, el/la Tecnólogo Médico en Imagenología participa esencialmente en la realización del mismo, por lo que no debería ser su responsabilidad el cautelar que se cumplan los 4 valores éticos descritos dentro del SPR. A juicio nuestro, el principio de optimización, sería el único principio o pilar del SPR donde tiene real obligación de participar, utilizando las restricciones a las exposiciones individuales y los niveles de referencia para diagnóstico para reducir las desigualdades en la distribución de las exposiciones entre los grupos expuestos. Finalmente, resulta vital investigar si en su formación de especialidad se tocan estas temáticas

Ionizing radiation has the potential to generate adverse effects on people's health. To make safer and more efficient use of these radiations, the International Commission on Radiological Protection has fundamentally implemented a radiological protection system (RPS) based on three principles: justification, optimization and limits. In turn, these principles are based on four ethical values (beneficence, prudence, justice and dignity). It is known that in Chile the professional who is mandated to perform the exams that use ionizing radiation is the Medical Imaging Technologist. Therefore, it is interesting to assess the degree of knowledge acquired and subsequently applied around the ethical values of the RPS by these professionals. In this way, the objective of this Point of View article was to make a series of reflections on this subject. When a medical or dental procedure is performed with ionizing radiation, the Medical Imaging Technologist essentially participates in its performance, so it should not be their responsibility to ensure that the 4 ethical values described in the RPS are met. In our opinion, the principle of optimization would be the only principle or pillar of the RPS where it has a real obligation to participate, using the restrictions on individual exposures and the diagnostic reference levels to reduce inequalities in the distribution of exposures between exposed groups. Finally, it is vital to investigate whether these topics are addressed in his specialty training.

Ethical Implication of Virtue Ethics in "Red Doctors’ Spirit" / 中国医学伦理学

The red doctors’ spirit is a unique medical ethics thought in China, which is an ideological system contains many elements such as belief, moral sentiment and technical requirements. The red doctors’ spirit contains profound moral and ethical thoughts. From the perspective of Marxist virtue ethics, it conforms to the Marxist revolutionary heroism virtue view, takes the all-round and free development of human beings as the highest goodness, and advocates striving and dedicating to realize this goodness. From the perspective of western traditional virtue ethics, the red doctors’ spirit accords with the definition of ethical virtue in virtue theory. In particular, the assertion about "happiness" can provide an interpretation basis for its characteristics of "the more arduous the environment is, the more stimulated it can be". From the perspective of Confucian virtue ethics, the red doctors’ spirit is greatly influenced by the ethical requirements of benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, courage and moral integrity, not fearing life and death, and martyrdom. The value of "virtue" of red doctor lies in the motivation of pursuing "perfection", which enables the practitioners to have more powerful moral self-discipline and emotional motivation than ordinary medical personnel, constantly transcend themselves, and protect people’s life safety and health.

Aspectos Éticos de la Protección Radiológica en Procedimientos de Radiología Dental

RESUMEN: Se sabe de los beneficios que la radiología dental ha significado para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas en todo el mundo, sin embargo, también conocemos los riesgos asociados a su uso. Para disminuir estos riegos, diferentes organizaciones a nivel internacional han desarrollado un SISTEMA DE PROTECCIÓN RADIOLÓGICA (SRP) basado en los principios de: Justificación, optimización y limitación de dosis, los cuales a su vez han evolucionado en base al desarrollo de la ciencia, los valores éticos, y la experiencia acumulada en la práctica cotidiana de los profesionales de la protección radiológica. Al revisar la normativa que regula el uso de las radiaciones ionizantes en Chile, analizamos que no se tienen en cuenta los aspectos o valores éticos al momento de hablar y aplicar el SPR en procedimientos de radiología dental. Por todo lo anterior, el objetivo del presente trabajo de revisión narrativa fue elaborar un nuevo documento de consulta para los odontólogos, que contenga de manera resumida y con definiciones precisas, los principales aspectos a tener en cuenta a la hora de comprender como funciona el SPR y los valores éticos que lo fundamentan, ayudando de esta manera a resolver objetivamente los juicios de valor que se pueden presentar durante la solicitud, ejecución e interpretación de los procedimientos de radiología dental.

ABSTRACT: The benefits of dental radiology that improve the quality of life of populations worldwide have been well established. However, the risks associated with its use are also known. With these risks in mind, various international organizations have developed a Radiological Protection System (RPS) based on the principles of: Justification, optimization and dose limitation, which in turn have evolved based on science, values ethics, and the experience accumulated during the daily practice by radiation protection professionals. While reviewing the standards that regulate the use of ionizing radiation in Chile, we observed that ethical aspects or values are not taken into account when applying the RPS in dental radiology procedures. In light of these findings, the objective of this narrative review was to develop a new consultation procedure for dentists, which contains the main aspects to consider when understanding how SPR works, in a summarized precise form, as well as the supporting ethical values. Thereby helping to resolve the value judgments that may arise during the performance and interpretation of dental radiology procedures.

La identidad latinoamericana: premisa martiana consustancial para la formación del estudiante universitario actual / The Latin American identity: Martian premise consubstantial for the formation of the current university student

RESUMEN El trabajo aborda una faceta dentro del humanismo martiano que refleja sus consideraciones en su bregar por tierras de América. Sus postulados constituyen un imprescindible legado para formar en los estudiantes universitarios valores éticos que los conviertan en mejores seres, humanos y profesionales. En su recorrido desde México hacia Guatemala, el Apóstol pretende resaltar la figura del negro de raza pura que allí vivía. Estas consideraciones se ofrecen a partir del texto Livingstone. El artículo tiene como objetivo develar algunas ideas que permitan un desarrollo político-ideológico, ético y estético integral donde se destaque el conocimiento y respeto por la historia, la autoctonía de los pueblos americanos y la cultura patrias.

ABSTRACT The work addresses a facet within Martian humanism that reflects its considerations in its struggle for the lands of America. Its postulates constitute an essential legacy to form in university students ethical values ​​that turn them into better beings, human beings and professionals. On his journey from Mexico to Guatemala, the Apostle pretends to highlight the figure of the black of pure race that lived there. These considerations are offered from the Livingstone text. The article aims to reveal some ideas that allow a political-ideological, ethical and integral aesthetic development where knowledge and respect for history, the autochthony of the American people and the patriotic culture are highlighted.

Contribución a la implantación del control interno a través de sus variables activas en una entidad hospitalaria / Contribution to the implantation of internal control through its active variables in a hospital entity

Introducción: en el nuevo milenio las entidades de la salud pública necesitan poseer herramientas que le permitan desempeñar correctamente sus funciones dentro de la sociedad. En Cuba los hospitales son unidades presupuestadas por lo que resulta imprescindible un eficiente control de sus medios y recursos por el costo que estos representan para el país, de ahí que un eficiente sistema de control interno es vital para el logro de sus metas. Objetivo: gestionar el control interno a través de sus variables activas para diagnosticar sus debilidades. Materiales y Métodos: se manipularon métodos de investigación pertinentes como el análisis prospectivo y la modelación matemática a través de indicadores. Resultados: se obtuvo un índice de gestión del control interno que calificó al hospital con un medio control, así como acciones para su implantación. Quedaron establecidos los principales valores éticos de los trabajadores en una entidad hospitalaria. Conclusiones: se demostró la pertinencia del análisis prospectivo en la contribución de la implantación del control interno. Se determinó como variables activas las referentes al ambiente de control. En su diagnóstico la entidad presentó un control medio (AU).

Introduction: in the new millennium, public health institutions need tools allowing them to correctly perform their functions in the society. Hospitals in Cuba are budgeted entities, resulting unavoidable the efficient control of their means and resources due to the high cost they represent for the country. Therefore, an efficient system of internal control is vital to achieve their goals. Objective: to manage internal control through its active variables to diagnose its weaknesses. Materials and Methods: appropriate research methods such as prospective analysis and mathematical modeling through indicators were handled. Results: an internal control management index was obtained, as well as actions for its implementation. The internal control was qualified as average. The contribution of the research included the establishment of the main ethical values of workers in a hospital institution. Conclusions: the relevance of the prospective analysis as a contribution to the implementation of internal control was acknowledged. Active variables were considered those related with the control environment variable. In the diagnosis the entity showed an average control (AU).

Influence of Information Literacy and Perception of Patient Data Privacy on Ethical Values among Hospital Clinical Nurses / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to elucidate clinical nurses' ethics germane to information literacy and perception of patient data privacy and thus help nurses to develop more positive and consolidated ethical values. METHODS: For this study a descriptive survey design was used. Participants were 142 nurses who worked in a hospital and completed self-report questionnaires. Data were collected from August 1 to 5, 2016 and were analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS 22.0. RESULTS: Ethical value had a positive correlation with information needs (r=.25, p=.002) in information literacy as well as in direct patient care (r=.27, p=.001), shift work (r=.20, p=.016), patient information management (r=.39, p<.001), and communication (r=.24, p=.004) in perception of patient data privacy. Patient information management, educational background, and age were significant variables predicting the level of ethical values and accounted for 21% of the variance. CONCLUSION: Ethical values education with particular emphasize on managing patient information should be encouraged for nurses who are younger and have a lower education level. Findings indicate a need for education programs to guide clinical nurses to utilize appropriate information when solving ethical challenges in every day nursing practice.

Influence of Moral Sensitivity and Ethical Values on Biomedical Ethics Awareness of Nursing Students / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the effects of moral sensitivity and ethical values on biomedical ethics awareness of nursing students. METHODS: A descriptive survey design was used for this study. The participants were 324 nursing students from S University located in J city. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey done from September 30 to October 18, 2014. Data were analyzed using a t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The factors influencing nursing students' biomedical ethics awareness were identified as moral sensitivity(beta=.34), ethical values(beta=.11), awareness of Korean nurses' declaration of ethics(beta=.15), religion(beta=.14), and religious activity(beta=.12). Five factors explained 10.8% of nursing students' biomedical ethics awareness. CONCLUSION: The results of this study can be used to develop further educational programs on the moral sensitivity and ethical values for enhancement of nursing students' biomedical ethics awareness.

Una aproximación a los valores éticos consensuados por la sociedad cubana / An approach to consensual ethical values of the Cuban society

En diferentes sociedades del mundo actual se ha agudizado la tendencia que ha preocupado a muchos sobre lo que se ha denominado crisis de los paradigmas sociales y humanistas o crisis de valores. En Cuba, durante todo el primer quinquenio de este siglo XXI se ha hablado mucho acerca del tema en distintos escenarios y con auditorios diferentes. Varios han sido los cuestionamientos: ¿la crisis de valores morales ha afectado a todos los grupos etarios? ¿Cuáles son los valores éticos realmente consensuados por la sociedad cubana del siglo XXI? ¿Qué antivalores están coexistiendo con ellos? A partir de una revisión bibliográfica no exhaustiva se decidió realizar un estudio exploratorio, de corte transversal, con 5 grupos poblacionales, clasificados por grupos etarios, a quienes se aplicó una metodología cualitativa, haciendo uso de las técnicas de grupo focal y proyectiva; se garantizó el anonimato del ofrecimiento de la información primaria. Se entendió por consenso cuando el 75 por ciento o más de los participantes coincidían. En este caso las virtudes que declararon admirar más son: la sinceridad y la generosidad, en tanto los defectos que no toleran en los demás son: el egoísmo y la mentira; mientras que los valores percibidos son: la solidaridad y la justicia; los antivalores percibidos son: el egoísmo y la doble moral. En consecuencia se propone un plan de acción para fortalecer valores éticos sociales y construir valores éticos profesionales con los estudiantes y jóvenes profesionales de las ciencias de la salud...

In today's world, various societies have witnessed the increasing tendency to the so-called "crisis of social and humanistic paradigms" or "crisis of human values" over which many people are concerned. Much was said about this topic in several settings and with different participating audiences during the first five-year period of this century in Cuba. The questionings are varied: the crisis of moral values has reached all the age groups? What are the really consensual ethical values of the Cuban society in the 21st century? What are the anti-values that coexist with them? Based on a literature review although not exhaustive it was decided to perform a cross-sectional exploratory study with 5 population groups classified into age groups; they were applied a qualitative methodology by using focal group and projective techniques and anonymous provision of primary information. Consensus was understood as 75 percent of participants or more agreed upon the considered topics. The virtues that were stated as the most admired ones were sincerity and generosity and the most intolerable defects were selfishness and lie whereas the most perceived values were solidarity and justice and the perceived anti-values were selfishness and double-standard. Consequently, a plan of action was submitted to strengthen social ethical values and to build professional ethical values in the students and the young professionals of the health sciences...

Effects of a Blended Learning Program on Ethical Values in Undergraduate Nursing Students / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the effects of a blended learning program on ethical values in undergraduate nursing students. METHODS: This study was a one group pretest-posttest design. Seventy-one undergraduate nursing students who were taking a nursing ethics course at K University in S city were conveniently selected. The blended learning program was undertaken for 120 minutes one day weekly for 15 weeks. It consisted of case-based learning through an online method combined with problem-based learning offline. Scores for ethical value were measured using the ethical values scale. RESULTS: The ethical values score increased significantly in the students after the blended learning (p=.004). Of the subgroup of ethical values human-life, relationship with collaborator, and nursing job scores increased significantly in students after the blended learning, respectively (p=.034; p<.001; p<.001), the score for area as relationship with nursing clients decreased significantly in the students after the blended learning (p<.001). CONCLUSION: The blended learning program was identified as an educational program which induces a positive effect on the development of ethical values in undergraduate nursing students, and in future it can be utilized in nursing ethics education.

La formación humanística de las enfermeras: una necesidad insoslayable / The humanistic formation of nurses: unavoidable requirement

Introducción: el fundamento de esta investigación -realizada a lo largo de siete años (1995-2002)- parte del conocimiento del pasado para comprender el presente y transformar el futuro. Desde la fundación de la primera Escuela de Enfermeras en Cuba, se tuvo en cuenta la necesidad de conocimientos acerca de la Historia de la profesión, como contenido importante para fortalecer la vocación y la identidad profesional; y también la enseñanza de la ética, como fundamento teórico de la conducta moral de las futuras profesionales. En los años 90s se evidenció deterioro del modelo actuante entre un número nada despreciable de enfermeras, de diferentes grupos de edades; además, poca identidad con la profesión, pobre autoestima y orgullo profesional. Se hacía necesario responder al problema científico generado: ¿cómo fortalecer identidad profesional y valores éticos profesionales?. Objetivo: socializar con los profesionales de enfermería con el propósito de contribuir a la formación humanística de las enfermeras. Métodos: cualitativo e Histórico. Tipo de investigación: Investigación-acción, usando las técnicas de: encuesta, observación participante, grupo focal, Delphi, análisis documental, entrevista histórica y triangulación de datos. Conclusiones: cuando surgieron los Planes D en Cuba, en el año 2002, fueron incluidas las asignaturas curriculares de Historia de la Enfermería y Ética y Bioética en Enfermería, en reconocimiento a la necesidad de la formación humanística de estos profesionales, cuyos programas y textos básicos fueron propuestos y elaborados por la autora. Sin embargo, en la siguiente edición se eliminó la Ética y Bioética, lo que desestima el anterior reconocimiento(AU)

Introduction: The foundation of this research work, which was carried out from 1995 to 2002, lays in the knowledge of the past to understand the present and to transform the future. From the emergence of the first School of Nurses in Cuba, it was evident that knowledge about the history of this profession was needed since it was an important content to strengthen vocation and professional identity as well as teaching ethics as a theoretical fundamental of the moral behavior of the future nurses. In the 90's, there was deterioration of the performance model in a large number of nurses of different age groups in addition to poor identification with the profession, low self-esteem and professional pride. It was then necessary to respond to the generated scientific problem of how to strengthen the professional identity and the professional ethical values. Objective: To share ideas with the nursing professionals with a view to contributing to the humanistic formation of nurses. Methods: Qualitative and historical methods based on research-action by using techniques such as survey, participating observation, focal group, Delphi, documentary analysis, historical interview and data triangulation. Conclusions: On the emergence of Plans D in Cuba in 2002, curricular subjects like history of nursing, ethics and bioethics were then included in recognition of the requirements of the humanistic formation of these professionals. The basic syllabi and texts were prepared and submitted by the author of this paper. However, the following plans eliminated Ethics and Bioethics, thus denying the previous importance given to them(AU)

La educación en valores en trabajadores de la atención primaria de salud en Cuba / The value education in the primary health care workers in Cuba

Se analiza a la luz de diversos referentes teóricos la influencia que ejerce la educación en el desarrollo de los valores éticos propios de la sociedad socialista cubana en los trabajadores de la atención primaria de salud. Se ofrecen argumentos y reflexiones sobre el tema de la educación en valores reflejada en el comportamiento cotidiano en el medio laboral, comunitario y social. Los análisis expuestos confirman la necesidad de integrar el desarrollo tecnológico, vital para el progreso de la Ciencia y por consiguiente para el avance de los servicios que se prestan a la población, la preparación científico-técnica de los recursos humanos y los valores morales que deben poseer...

Authors analyze by the light of the different theoretical references the influence of education in the development of theoretical values own of Cuban socialist society in workers of primary health care. Author offer arguments and reflections on the education subject in values expressed in daily behavior in work, community and social environment. Analyses showed support the integration need of the technologic development, essential for the progress of Sciences and therefore for the advance of services offering to population, the scientific-technical training of human resources and its moral values...

On Bian Que's Medical Ethics Thought and its Ethical Values / 中国医学伦理学

Bian-que was,according to legend,the earliest known Chinese physician(ca.500 B.C.),and was regarded as the founder of TCM Theory in China.He possessed outstanding diagnostic techniques,and high-minded medical morality as well.Thorough excavation and exploration of his medical ethics thought is not only helpful to enrich and carry forward TCM culture,but also of great practical ethical values in constructing TCM morality system.