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OBJECTIVE To study the spectru m-toxicity relationship of in vitro hepatotoxicity of aqueous extract from Euodia rutaecarpa. METHODS The aqueous extract from 16 batches of E. rutaecarpa from different habitats were prepared. The fingerprints of aqueous extract from E. rutaecarpa were established by ultra high performance liquid chromatography （UPLC） method and Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Fingerprint （2012A edition ），and common peaks were identified and the similarity was evaluated. Using normal human hepatocytes L 02 as subject ，inhibitory effect of aqueous extract from 16 batches of E. rutaecarpa to them were investigated. The spectrum-toxicity relationship of UPLC fingerprint of aqueous extract from E. rutaecarpa with the hepatotoxicity of hepatocytes L 02 was analyzed by grey relational analysis （GRA）and partial least squares regression analysis （PLSR）. The corresponding compound of the chromatographic peak with the greatest correlation with the in vitro hepatotoxicity of E. rutaecarpa were isolated ，prepared and identified. RESULTS There were 27 common peaks in UPLC fingerprints of aqueous extract from 16 batches of E. rutaecarpa ，with similarity of 0.375-0.995. Totally 9 peaks were confirmed ，i.e. neochlorogenic acid （peak 5），chlorogenic acid （peak 9），cryptochlorogenic acid （peak 10），caffeic acid （peak 12），rutin （peak 16），hyperin（peak 17），dehydroevotarine（peak 19），evotarine（peak 24），rutecarpine（peak 25）. The aqueous extract from 16 batches of E. rutaecarpa showed significant inhibitory effect on the growth of L 02 cells（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），and the inhibitory rate ranged from 6.68％ to 67.95％. GRA showed that there were 18 common peaks with correlation degree greater than 0.8，which were peak 8＞peak 3＞peak 23＞peak 7＞peak 4＞peak 9＞peak 12＞peak 2＞peak 19＞peak 6＞ 4928381。E-mail：799247687@qq.com peak 15＞peak 5＞peak 1＞peak 17＞peak 21＞peak 26＞ peak 20＞peak 14 in descending order of correlation degree. PLSR showed that there were 14 peaks with regression coefficient＞0 and variable importance projection value ＞1，and the order of regression coefficient was peak 8＞peak 3＞peak 23＞ peak 2＞peak 7＞peak 4＞peak 12＞peak 9＞peak 19＞peak 5＞peak 17＞peak 26＞peak 10＞peak 15. Peak 8 had the greatest correlation with in vitro hepatotoxicity，and the corresponding compound of this peak was identified as 6-O-trans caffeoyl gluconic acid. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro hepatotoxicity of aqueous extract from E. rutaecarpa is the result of multiple component interaction，among which 6-O-trans caffeoyl gluconic acid shows closest relation with in vitro hepatotoxicity.
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OBJECTIVE：To e stablish UPLC characteristic chrom atograms of Euodia rutaecarpa ，processed E. rutaecarpa decoction piece ，water decoction and formula granules ，and to compare its relationship and difference. METHODS ：UPLC method was used. The determination was performed on YMC Triart C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.1％ phosphoric acid water solution （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm，and column temperature was 30 ℃. The sample size was 1 μL. Using limonin as reference，the characteristic chromatograms of E. rutaecarpa ， processd E. rutaecarpa decoction piece ，water decoction and formula granules （each 10 batches，totally 60 batches）were drawn. The similarity was evaluated with TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System （2012 edition），and to determine the common characteristic peak. The differences of ratio of common characteristic peak area were evalucoted according to variance analysis. Meanwhile ，the cluster analysis and principal component analysis （PCA） were performed to research the differences of E. rutaecarpa ，processed E. rutaecarpa decoction piece ，water decoction and formula granules by using SPSS 20.0 software. RESULTS ：Totally 16 and 17 common peaks were respectively confirmed in characteristic chromatograms of E. rutaecarpa samples and processed E. rutaecarpa samples（decoction piece ，water decoction and formula granules ）. No. 8，9，11， 17 peaks were identified as limonin ，evodiamine，rutaecarpine and glycyrrhizic acid. Compared with decoction piece ，the similarities of characteristic peak between water decoction and formula granules were lower than 0.55，while those between water decoction and formula granule were higher than 0.95. Cluster analysis and PCA results showed that E. rutaecarpa decoction piece and processed E. rutaecarpa decoction piece could be clustered into one category ；E. rutaecarpa water decoction and formula granules could be clustered into one category ；processed E. rutaecarpa water decoction and formula granules could be clustered into one category. CONCLUSIONS ：Compared with E. rutaecarpa ，processed E. rutaecarpa additionally contain glycyrrhizic acid ； main che mical components of decoction piece ，water decoction and formula granules are basically the same ，but the contents of the components between decoction piece to water decoction and formula granules are different.
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Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa var. officinalis. Methods: The constituents were isolated and purified by chromatographic methods. The structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic methods. The antifungal activities were tested with mycelium growth method. Results: Fifteen compounds were obtained from the 70% ethanol extract of E. rutaecarpa var. officinalis, and were identified as evodiamine (1), rutaecarpine (2), dehydroevodiamine (3), dihydroevocarpine (4), evocarpine (5), 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4 (1H)-quinolone (6), 1-methyl-2-[(4Z,7Z)- 4,7-tridecadienyl]-4 (1H)-quinolone (7), 1-methyl-2-[(6Z,9Z)-6,9-pentadecadienyl-4 (1H)-quinolone (8), limonin (9), shihulimonin A (10), isolimonexic acid (11), wuzhuyurutine B (12), stigmasterol (13), β-sitosterol (14), and β-daucosterin. (15). Conclusion: Compounds 5-8 and 11-13 are isolated from E. rutaecarpa var. officinalis for the first time. Different types of compounds show diverse antimicrobial activities against plant-pathogenic fungi.
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This study was designed to screen the antiemetic components of Euodia rutaecarpa, and elucidate its material basis on the spectrum-effect correlation analysis. The UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS (UHPLC-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry) technology was used to obtain the fingerprint of Euodia rutaecarpa extracts. The perfusion of copper sulfate was used as a model to study the antiemetic effect by vomiting. The orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) method was used to analyze the spectrum-effect relationship. The results indicated the following compounds were the potential antiemetic components such as rutin, limonin, narcissoside, chrysoeriol-7-O-rutinoside, hyperoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside, 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinolone, 1-methyl-2-[(Z)-4-nonenyl]-4(1H)-quinolone. This study provides the experimental basis in use of Euodia rutaecarpa in the future, and provides the research methods and ideas for the similar study on the pharmacodynamic material basis of traditional Chinese medicine.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate penetrative effects of a penetration enhancer and multiple penetration enhancers combi-nation with different proportions on Euodia rutaecarpa superfines cataplasm,so as to optimize enhancer and their concentrations. METHODS:Modified Franz diffusion cell was employed with isolated mice abdominal skin as barrier. HPLC method was adopted to detect the effects of a penetration enhancer (propanediol, azone, oleic acid), multiple penetration enhancers (propanedi-ol-azone,propanediol-oleic acid,propanediol-azone-oleic acid),their proportion and amount on accumulative permeation quantity (Qn) of evodiamine and rutaecarpin in Euodia rutaecarpa superfines cataplasm. RESULTS:The penetrative effect of a penetration enhancer propanediol was significantly better than that of other one penetration enhancers and multiple penetration enhancers;the higher proportion of propanediol in multiple penetration enhancer system was,the better penetrative effects of evodiamine and rutae-carpin had. Using 3%,5 % and 7 % propanediol as enhancer,Q36 h of evodiamine were 11.290,14.332 and 13.537 μg/cm2,and those of rutaecarpin were 11.965,14.856 and 13.901 μg/cm2. CONCLUSIONS:The penetrative effect of 5% propanediol is the best,and can be used as enhancer for E. rutaecarpa superfines cataplasm.
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Through the investigation on functions of E.rutaecarpain ancient herbal literatures,ancient prescriptions and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition),it showed that the basic function of E.rutaecarpa recorded in herbal literatures through dynasties was similar to that of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.However,the disappearance of Euodia rutaecarpa's functions in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were dampness-eliminating,blood-activating,spleen-invigorating,phlegm-eliminating,wind-dispelling,and guiding fire to its source,which had been recorded in ancient herb literatures.ThePu-Ji-Fang database management system contained prescriptions with Euodia rutaecarpa in the treatment of asthenia,Bi syndrome,stroke,scabies,edema,phlegm,leukorrhagia,epigastric pain,menoxenia,lochiostasis,fractures,sore,aphtha,and etc,which were absent from the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.In conclusion,we preliminarily confirmed that Euodia rutaecarpahad potential functions in activating blood to resolve stasis,dispelling wind and eliminating dampness,nourishing deficiency and invigorating the spleen,resolving toxins,relieving cough and eliminating phlegm,soothing liver to stop wind,as well as stopping bleeding.
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Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the 75% ethanol extract of Euodia rutaecarpa. Methods: Chromatographic methods, such as silica gel, ODS, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, were used for the isolation and purification. The structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Results: Eight compounds were isolated from the 75% ethanol extract of E. rutaecarpa, and were identified as sinapyl alcohol 9-O-feruloyl-4-O-β-D-glucopyanoside (1), 3-O- caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (2), caffeic acid (3), ferulic acid (4), p-hydroxycinnamic acid (5), 4-methoxybenzylalcohol (6), 3, 4-dihydroxy-benzoic acid (7), and 7-hydroxy coumarin (8). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new phenylpropanoid glycoside named neoeuodiside, and compounds 2, 3, 6, and 7 are isolated from the plants of Euodia J. R. et G. Forst. for the first time.
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Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the fruits of Euodia rutaecarpa. Methods: The chemical constituents of ethanol extract from E. rutaecarpa were isolated and purified by chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 columns, and semipreparative reversed-phase HPLC. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data analyses. Results: Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as evodiamine (1), rutaecarpine (2), 3-hydroxyacetylindole (3), N-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-tyramine (4), N-(cis-p-coumaroyl)-tyramine (5), dictamnine (6), evolitrine (7), 6-methoxydictamnine (8), skimmiamine (9), 7-hydroxyrutaecarpine (10), and atanine I (11). Conclusion: Compound 3 is reported for the first time from the plants of genus Euodia J. R. et G. Forst. and compounds 4-11 are reported for the first time from E. rutaecarpa.