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To solve the problems in the course teaching of Pharmacokinetics and change the current situation of the course, a pharmacokinetic solution program based on Excel has been developed. The program, based on Excel, is the most widely used data processing software. The data processing and drawing functions of Excel are used and encapsulated as a program by Excel-VBA. The program is specially used in pharmacokinetic teaching, which includes 25 solution templates arranged according to the 5th edition of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, a textbook published by the People's Medical Publishing House Co., LTD. Each solution template includes six functional areas: operation setting area, data input area, data relationship display area, return parameter output area, pharmacokinetic parameter output area and chart area. In this course, the teaching content is reorganized. Starting from a case, the concept and knowledge of pharmacokinetics are taught by explaining how to apply the program to solve case problems. After years of practice, the teaching effect has been significantly improved.
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Objective:To make Excel spreadsheet of arterial blood gas analysis to judge the types of acid-base imbalance quickly and accurately, and guide the clinical treatment of acid-base disorders.Methods:According to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, the compensation formula of acid-base imbalance prediction, the theory of acid-base balance and the related research progress, the analysis process of acid-base balance disorder was settled, and the IF function in Microsoft Office Excel 2003 was used to edit the formula to make Excel spreadsheet for arterial blood gas analysis.Once the pH value, artery blood carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO 2), actual bicarbonate (HCO 3-), sodiumion (Na + ), chlorineion (Cl -) and compensatory time-limited parameters were input, the types of acid-base imbalance can be shown.Arterial blood gas analysis of 185 cases from intensive care unit at Xuzhou Central Hospital was determined by Excel spreadsheet group and manual group respectively, the results and time of judging the type of acid-base imbalance were compared between two groups for statistical analysis. Results:The results of acid-base imbalance between two groups were compared, and 42 cases were normal and simple acid-base and the consistent rate was 100%, double acid-base imbalances of 107 cases with the consistent rate of 97.20%, triple acid-base imbalances of 36 cases with the consistent rate of 91.67%.After Kappa consistency test (Kappa value=0.944) and Pair chi-square Test (McNemar-Bowker Test)( P=0.223), the results of two groups were consistent.It took less time to judge the results of normal or simple acid-base imbalance[(32.32±4.26)s vs.(75.88±19.22)s], double acid-base imbalance[(31.28±5.31)s vs.(137.56±37.64)s] and triple acid-base imbalance[(32.98±4.23)s vs.(315.09±89.37)s] by the Excel spreadsheet group compared with the manual group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01). Conclusion:The automatic judging of Excel spreadsheet for arterial blood gas analysis can quickly and accurately determine the types of acid-base imbalance in arterial blood gas analysis and has more advantages for triple acid and base imbalance especially with simple interface and simple operation.And it can avoid the missing judgment of acid and base imbalance when pH is 7.35 to 7.45.
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The rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) relationship is widely used for adequate estimation of rainfall intensity over a particular catchment. A 25 year daily rainfall data were collected from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) Abuja for Akure station. Twenty five year annual maximum rainfall amounts with durations of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 420 minutes were extracted and subjected to frequency analysis using the excel solver software wizard. A total of six (6) return period specific and one (1) general IDF models were developed for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years using Gumbel Extreme Value Type-1 and Log Pearson Type -3 distributions. Anderson Darling goodness of fit test was used to ascertain the best fit probability distribution. The R2 values range from 0.982 to 0.985 for GEVT -1 and 0.978 to 0.989 for Log Pearson type -3 while the Mean Squared Error from 33.56 to 156.50 for GEVT -1 and 43.01 to 150.63 Log Pearson Type III distributions respectively. The probability distribution models are recommended for the prediction of rainfall intensities for Akure metropolis.
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OBJECTIVE： To improve the efficiency and accuracy of checking total parenteral mutrition （TPN） prescription. METHODS： Excel vba technology was used to edit vba code and construct TPN prescription algorithm. The key indicators and standard of TPN prescription checking were determined. Established algorithm was used to check the prescriptions from PIVAS of our hospital in May 2018， results of which was compared with the results of manual checking （using potassium concentration， monovalent cation concentration and alanyl-glutamine combined with amino acid as indexes）. RESULTS： TPN prescription algorithm was established through confirming 17 key indicators as glycolipid ratio， heat-nitrogen ratio， monovalent cation concentration， the checking standard was set as. It took 15 seconds to check 2 638 TPN prescriptions received within one month in PIVAS of our hospital； 449 irrational prescriptions （excessive dose， incompatibility， inappropriate proportion and volume of nutrition） of them and reasons had been marked out. By comparing 3 evaluation indexes， 1， 1， 0 irrational prescriptions were checked by manually and 4， 12， 4 checked by established algorithm， respectively. CONCLUSIONS： TPN prescription algorithm can check prescription in batches based on Excel vba technology， and mark out the substandard prescription automatically. Hereby， it improves the efficiency and accuracy of TPN prescriptions by PIVAS.
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We used Excel program to compile nutrition calculation program. A nutrition database for daily diet of patients with critical burns is established based on data sources of Chinese food composition table (2002 edition) , Chinese food culture academic symposium collection and common food nutrition table of the sports nutrition research center of Sports Medical Research Institute of General Administration of Sports of China, and label values of nutrition components of packaged food. According to the proportion of food net content, the formulas are adopted for calculating the dietary nutrition composition of patients with critical burns. An electronic scale is used to weigh the quality of food ingested through the mouth and gastric tube. After recording the weight into Excel scale, the value of nutrition content in patients′ diet can be quickly and accurately generated automatically. It is convenient to calculate the water intake and output, which can quickly and accurately provide the dietary status assessment for patients with critical burns. It can not only calculate the total energy and water intake amount, but also calculate the daily protein intake and proportions of the three major nutrients in energy supply. Therefore, it provides a credible basis for further strengthening and improving nutritional support.
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Objective To evaluation the precision performance of XE-2100 Automatic Blood Cell Analyzer using EXCEL Mi-crosoft with reference to CLSI EP15-A3 .Methods According to CLSI EP15-A3 ,high level and low level (BIO-RAD company) of quality control materials were measured using XE-2100 Automatic Blood Cell Analyzer ,and analyzed by one-factor analysis of vari-ance of EXCEL 2003 and equation editor .The within-run coefficient of variation and within-laboratory coefficient of variation were calculated and compared with national industry standards and manufacturer statement .Results For high and low level of quality control materials ,the within-run coefficient of variation and within-laboratory coefficient of variation of white blood cell ,red blood cell ,hemoglobin and platelet were less than national industry standards and manufacturer statement .Conclusion The precision ver-ification scheme of CLSI EP15-A3 with EXCEL Microsoft has a relatively good maneuverability and statistical performance ,which could be used in verification of the precision performance of quantitative testing items in clinical laboratories .
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Random allocation is commonly used in medical researches, and has become an essential part of designing clinical trials. It produces comparable groups with regard to known or unknown prognostic factors, and prevents the selection bias which occurs due to the arbitrary assignment of subjects to groups. It also provides the background for statistical testing. Depending on the change in allocation probability, random allocation is divided into two categories: fixed allocation randomization and dynamic allocation randomization. In this paper, the author briefly introduces both the theory and practice of randomization. The definition, necessity, principal, significance, and classification of randomization are also explained. Advantages and disadvantages of each randomization technique are further discussed. Dynamic allocation randomization (Adaptive randomization), which is as yet unfamiliar with the anesthesiologist, is also introduced. Lastly, the methods and procedures for random sequence generation using Microsoft Excel is provided.
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Classification , Random Allocation , Research Design , Selection BiasABSTRACT
Random allocation is commonly used in medical researches, and has become an essential part of designing clinical trials. It produces comparable groups with regard to known or unknown prognostic factors, and prevents the selection bias which occurs due to the arbitrary assignment of subjects to groups. It also provides the background for statistical testing. Depending on the change in allocation probability, random allocation is divided into two categories: fixed allocation randomization and dynamic allocation randomization. In this paper, the author briefly introduces both the theory and practice of randomization. The definition, necessity, principal, significance, and classification of randomization are also explained. Advantages and disadvantages of each randomization technique are further discussed. Dynamic allocation randomization (Adaptive randomization), which is as yet unfamiliar with the anesthesiologist, is also introduced. Lastly, the methods and procedures for random sequence generation using Microsoft Excel is provided.
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Classification , Random Allocation , Research Design , Selection BiasABSTRACT
Objective To compare the effectiveness of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using Rigid-Fix for autogenous tendons fixation between by Ethibond excel polyester sutures combined with high-strength sutures and by Ethibond excel polyester sutures. Methods From October 2011 to August 2013, 48 cases of ACL rupture underwent ACL reconstruction using RigidFix for autogenous tendons fixation. Ethibond excel polyester sutures combined with high-strength sutures were used in 25 cases (observation group) and Ethibond excel polyester sutures were used in 23 cases (control group). There was no significant difference in gender, age, side, disease duration, and preoperative Lachman test, Lysholm score, and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score be-tween the two groups ( >0.05). While the treatment and rehabilitation measures were identical. Result The opera-tion performed smoothly. Vessel, nerve and meniscus were not injured. No complication of donor site pain and myas-thenia of affected knee after operation. At 6 months and 2 years after operation, the Lachman test, the Lysholm score and the IKDC score were superior significantly to those before operation in both groups ( 0.05). Conclusion Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by Ethibond excel polyester su-tures combined with high-strength sutures using RigidFix for autogenous tendons fixation presented satisfactory clinical results, whether using high-strength sutures during operation needs to be further study.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a fast,accurate,programmed and automatic mode for the statistical analysis of drug in-formation data so as to achieve the compatibility and the switching among multiple forms and the sharing of data information. METHODS:Common Excel commands and functions as well as their use methods were introduced and analyzed combined with drug information statistics cases. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:By taking steps such as exporting raw data,designing drug infor-mation sheets and summarizing drug raw data with the pivot table,the data of the drugs purchased by the hospital in a manner of centralized bidding and national essential drugs purchased can be calculated on the basis of different periods of time to fast and accu-rately search for drug data,facilitate data induction and processing and shorten statistics cycle. The above-mentioned steps are well applicable,easy to master,efficient and fast,reliable in the check of results and data,and suitable for the statistics for hospital drug information and other fields.
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To present a data processing method of traditional Chinese medicine based on Apriori algorithm to improve the efficiency of data mining and ensure the accuracy of the knowledge or conclusion in the data mining. The importance of data preprocessing in data mining was analyzed, along with the characteristics of TCM data and the requirements of Apriori algorithm for mining data. Some new functions were formed with considerations on the exam-ples. The data preprocessing was explored from the aspects of terminology standardization, eliminating unqualified data, structured prescription data, data sorting and etc. The new functions were simple and easy to operate, and the preprocessed data made the efficiency of TCM data mining enhanced greatly. The preprocessing method based on Apriori algorithm for TCM data facilities the TCM data mining.
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Objective: Statistical work overtime hospital surgical performance, understand the overtime rate in all the subjects, facilitating leaders make decisions in time, reasonable allocate resources to plan as a whole. Methods:using the time function and the automatic calculation logic function, and finally use pivot table function. Results:Reflect the medical surgery, overtime data provide a reference for the head nurse in nursing management. Statistical results show that the gynecology and obstetrics, orthopaedics, thoracic surgery, secrete surgery, general surgery frequency more overtime. Facilitate the matron reasonable flexible scheduling, optimize work processes;at the same time make the nurse work enthusiasm by passive status to active status, avoid buck-passing, realize the labor remuneration is closely related to job performance. Conclusion:Inspire staff enthusiasm, to strengthen the medical management has a guiding role.
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The standardization of requeijão cheese quality characteristics is a processing stage which is directly influenced by the chemical composition of the raw material. Fat and water concentrations are the main factors that cause variation in quality properties of the requeijão and, when not thoroughly controlled, may cause a lack in standardization of the food. Calculations of ingredients for effective standardization must be made in relation to the final product through of iterative calculations, which makes the manual process unfeasible. Thus, the objective of the present study was to develop a spreadsheet for ingredient calculation, with restrictions being the different concentrations of fat and water in order to standardize the final products. The spreadsheet was developed using the Excel 2007® Solver function, with just four input data: quantity of mass, water and fat content of the mass and fat content of the cream. The optimal solution was that which maximizes the amount of final product while meeting the stipulated constraints of fat and water. Results obtained with the spreadsheet were validated by processing the requeijão cheeses and comparison of the theoretical and practical parameters using the t-test. There was no significant difference between fat and water contents (p>0.10) estimated and verified in practice. Therefore, the use of the spreadsheet proved to be efficient for standardization of requeijão formulations.
A padronização das características de qualidade do requeijão é uma etapa do processamento, a qual é diretamente influenciada pela composição química da matéria-prima. Os teores de gordura e água são os principais fatores que acarretam variação nas propriedades de qualidade do requeijão e, quando não controlados minuciosamente, causam despadronização do alimento. Os cálculos de ingredientes para efetiva padronização devem ser realizados em relação ao produto final, por meio de cálculos iterativos, o que inviabiliza o processo manual. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver uma planilha eletrônica para cálculo de ingredientes, tendo como restrições diferentes teores de gordura e água, visando à padronização dos produtos. A planilha foi desenvolvida utilizando-se o suplemento Solver do Excel2007®, sendo que os únicos parâmetros de entrada após a implementação da planilha foram: quantidade de massa, teor de gordura e de água na massa e teor de gordura do creme. A solução ótima foi a maximização da quantidade do produto final que satisfizesse as restrições dos teores de gordura e água estipulados. Os resultados obtidos pela planilha foram validados por meio do processamento dos requeijões e da comparação dos parâmetros teóricos e práticos utilizando-se o teste t. Não houve diferença significativa entre os teores de gordura e de água (p>0,10) estimados e verificados na prática. Portanto, a utilização da planilha eletrônica se apresenta eficiente para padronização de formulações de requeijão cremoso.
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Animals , Food , Fats/analysis , Quality Control , Dairy Products/analysisABSTRACT
Objective: To realize cycle management early warning function of measuring instruments. Methods: The software will visit the existing access log files of measuring instruments for the next test date. They are compared with the system date. Software will alarm when measurement instruments test cycle is about to expire. Results: By setting the parameters, the software can easily access the measuring equipment log files. It can effectively implement early warning function. Conclusion:Visual Basic6.0 achieved the development of this software conveniently, took up less system resources, powerful, effectively preventing the verification of measuring instruments and missed period expired to happen.
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Objective To use Excel worksheet function to achieve statistical analysis of the fourfold table qualitative data,and to improve knowledge of the.majority of researchers on the statistical capabilities of Excel.Methods The result of actual research published in Chinese Journal of Endemiology was the data source,and statistical analysis results of fourfold table data from Excel and from SAS software were contrasted.Results The worksheet function of Excel could realize the analysis fourfold table data chi-square test,obtained an accurate P values,but not just P ＞ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.05.The results of chi-square test of Excel were the same as the results from SAS software,but Excel could not obtain probability value of fisher exact probability.Conclusion As a dependent statistical analysis software,Excel is an easy to learn,easy to use,efficient and a good helper.In the absence of professional statistical software,Excel can be used to achieve data statistical analysis.
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The paper introduces and summarizes the teaching purpose and content project,implementation and effect of the optional course in Excel and medical data analysis.
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Con el objetivo de demostrar que la utilización del libro electrónico confeccionado para el uso de la aplicación Microsoft Excel (MSE) en el procesamiento de datos contribuye a que los estudiantes mejoren el aprendizaje de la Estadística, se realizó un experimento durante el segundo semestre del curso 2006-2007 en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Dr Salvador Allende. El libro electrónico se confeccionó utilizando el formato HTML, lo que permite su utilización en cualquier computadora a través de un navegador web. Consta de tres partes: una primera, en la que se explica someramente el trabajo con el MSE; la segunda, dedicada al procesamiento de datos a nivel descriptivo y la tercera, a las técnicas inferenciales. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de la aplicación del test de rendimiento, encuesta y observaciones a clases evidenciaron que el uso del Libro Electrónico para las clases de Estadística puede contribuir a mejorar la calidad del aprendizaje de esta asignatura.
In order to demonstrate that using of electronic book making for the use of Microsoft Excel application in the data processing contributes to the students get better the Statistic learning, an experiment was carried out during the second semester at the academic year 2006-2007 in the Faculty of Medicine Dr Salvador Allende. The electronic book making in the HTML format allows it to be use in any computer through Web navigator. It has three parts, the first one explains summarily the work with the MSE, and the second one deals with the data processing at descriptive level and the third one the inference techniques. The obtained results starting from the performance tests and poll applying and observing classes clearly showed that using of Electronic Book for Statistic classes became better the quality of learning.
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Biometry , Statistics as Topic/education , Electronic Data Processing/statistics & numerical data , TeachingABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To monitor the use of drugs dynamically in hospital.METHODS:According to the requirement of higher authorities,data about the use of drugs were derived using VlookUp and IF functions,pivot table and autofilter function of excel worksheet and analyzed statistically.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Data of drugs can be found out by this method rapidly and accurately.The items are all clear at a glance such as consumption sum,its fluctuate and order so as to improve the efficiency of drug monitoring.
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OBJECTIVE:To design intermittent intravenous drip dose regimen of antibiotics. METHODS: The pharmacokinetic data were computed using the multidoses function method taking cefazolin,ceftriaxone and amikacin as examples. Then computation program was programmed using Excel software based on pharmacokinetic parameters combined with pharmacodynamic parameters to design rational dosage regimen. RESULTS: The bactericidal effect of time-dependent antibiotics was chiefly dependent on the time during which the drug blood concentration was higher than minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC).For those antibacterials with short elimination half life(t1/2)in plasma,the best regimen was to give patients the med-icine in a small average divided dose or continuous medication. For those with(t1/2) greater than 12～24 h,single dose admin-istration was advisable. For concentration-dependent antibiotics,the best PK/PD parameters for optimal clinical antibiotic effect were Cmax/ MIC,and which should be administered in single time (daily dose). CONCLUSION: PK/PD parameters -based intermittent intravenous drip dosage regimen of antibiotics designed by means of Excel function is simple,reliable and intuitionistic.
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OBJECTIVE:To strength pharmacy management,improve pharmacy stocktaking efficiency and lower the error rate of the stocktaking in outpatient pharmacy.METHODS:Based on "Army No.1" inventory management system,the data were retrieved and adjusted using Excel spreadsheet,and the inter-district small-scale inventory table of the outpatient pharmacy was designed in which certain individuals should be responsible for certain drugs and the order of drugs in the inventory table were in line with the arrangement order of drugs.RESULTS:The new drug stocktaking model reduced the error rate of traditional monthly drug stocktaking by 3%.CONCLUSION:The established drug stocktaking method reduces human and material resources,facilitates a more flexible,convenient and rapid stocktaking,and greatly enhances the conformity rate between drugs and accounts.