A descaracterização da política de financiamento da CT&I: uma análise do FNDCT / La descaracterización de la política de financiación de CT&I: un análisis del FNDCT / The mischaracterization of the ST&I funding policy: an analysis of the Brazilian Fund for the Development of Science and Technology

Resumo Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar criticamente os mecanismos que desidratam o Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (FNDCT), debilitando-o na sua função de promover o desenvolvimento econômico e social. Os dados foram extraídos das bases do sistema integrado de orçamento e planejamento (SIOP) e do relatório de execução orçamentária, entre 2012 e 2021, disponibilizados pela financiadora de estudos e projetos (FINEP). Os resultados da investigação apontam que, do ponto de vista quantitativo, há um processo de desidratação, por mecanismos como a desvinculação de receitas da união (DRU), a formulação do projeto de lei orçamentária anual (PLOA) e as reservas de contingência. Do lado qualitativo, há descompasso entre a promessa de uma política arrojada e inovadora e uma estrutura de governança centralizada e burocrática. Os fundos setoriais não enfrentam problemas de arrecadação, mas a gestão centralizada e subserviente a políticas fiscais de austeridade leva a uma execução orçamentária quantitativamente insuficiente e qualitativamente pobre em diversificação, quadro que descaracteriza a política de financiamento de ciência, tecnologia e inovação (CT&I), deixando de cumprir a promessa de desenvolvimento via inovação.

Resumen Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar críticamente los mecanismos que deshidratan el fondo nacional de desarrollo científico y tecnológico (FNDCT), debilitándolo en su función de promover el desarrollo económico y social. Los datos fueron extraídos de las bases del sistema integrado de planificación y presupuesto y del informe de ejecución presupuestaria entre 2012 y 2021, puestos a disposición por la financiadora de estudios y proyectos. Los resultados de la investigación indican que, desde el punto de vista cuantitativo, existe un proceso de deshidratación, a través de mecanismos como la Desvinculación de Ingresos de la Unión Federal, la formulación del proyecto de ley presupuestaria anual y las reservas de contingencia. En el aspecto cualitativo, existe un desajuste entre la promesa de una política audaz e innovadora y una estructura de gobierno centralizada y burocrática. Los fondos sectoriales no enfrentan, en promedio, problemas de recaudación, pero la gestión centralizada supeditada a políticas fiscales de austeridad conduce a una ejecución presupuestaria cuantitativamente insuficiente y cualitativamente pobre en términos de diversificación, situación que descaracteriza la política de financiamiento para la ciencia, tecnología e innovación (CT&I), incumpliendo con la promesa de desarrollo a través de la innovación.

Abstract This study aims to critically analyze the mechanisms that depletethe Brazilian fund for the development of science and technology (FNDCT), jeopardizing its ability to promote economic and social development. Data were extracted from the integrated budget and planning system (SIOP) bases and the budget execution report between 2012 and 2021, made available by the Brazilian funding agency FINEP. The quantitative results indicate a process of "dehydration" due to changes such as the regulation that allows the executive to redirect resources previously earmarked for the fund (called DRU), the formulation of the legislation on the annual budget (PLOA) and the contingency reserves. The qualitative analysis shows a mismatch between the promise of a bold and innovative science and technology policy and a centralized and bureaucratic governance structure. Sectoral funds do not face, on average, problems in raising resources. However, the centralized management subservient to fiscal austerity policies leads to quantitative insufficient budget execution and qualitatively poor diversification. As outcomes, this situation mischaracterizes the ST&I funding policy, failing to comply with the promise of development through innovation.

The rates of null and valid movements in parapowerlifting in international competitions / As taxas de movimentos nulos e válidos no parapowerlifting em competições internacionais / Tasa de levantamientos validos y nulos en competiciones internacionales de parapowerlifting

ABSTRACT The Paralympic system adapted the press modality, allowing the participation of people with physical disabilities called para-powerlifting (PPL). The purpose was to establish the rates of valid and invalid movements; identify if factors such as the weight category, gender, or athletes 'country have an influence on the results; A retrospective study was elaborated in which the results of the null and valid movements made in 12 international events of the 2013-2016 Paralympic cycle were recovered from the official page of the international paralympic committee The results indicate that in these twelve events a total of 6,759 movements were performed, of which 3,264 moves were valid and 2,991 were rated as null, with no significant differences in null movements between men and women. These results indicate the need to review the judging system or the use of visual technologies to reduce the rate of null movements.

RESUMO O sistema paraolímpico adaptou ama modalidade de supino, permitindo a participação de pessoas com deficiências físicas, denominada parapowerlifting (PPL). O objetivo foi estabelecer as taxas de movimentos válidos e inválidos; identificar se fatores como a categoria de peso, o gênero ou o país dos atletas influenciam os resultados; Foi elaborado um estudo retrospectivo no qual os resultados dos movimentos nulos e válidos realizados em 12 eventos internacionais do ciclo paraolímpico 2013-2016 foram recuperados da página oficial do Comitê Paraolímpico Internacional. Os resultados indicam que nesses doze eventos foi realizado um total de 6.759 movimentos, dos quais 3.264 movimentos foram válidos e 2.991 foram classificados como nulos, sem diferenças significativas nos movimentos nulos entre homens e mulheres. Esses resultados indicam a necessidade de revisar o sistema de julgamento ou o uso de tecnologias visuais para reduzir a taxa de movimentos nulos.

RESUMEN El sistema paralímpico, adaptó la modalidad de press plano, para permitir la participación de personas con discapacidad física, denominándola como para-powerlifting (PPL). El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer los índices de movimientos válidos y no válidos; identificar si factores como la categoría de peso, el sexo o el país de los atletas influyen en los resultados; se elaboró un estudio retrospectivo en el que se recuperaron de la página oficial del Comité Paralímpico Internacional los resultados de los movimientos nulos y válidos realizados en 12 eventos internacionales del ciclo paralímpico 2013-2016. Los resultados indican que en estos doce eventos se realizaron un total de 6.759 movimientos, de los cuales 3.264 movimientos fueron válidos y 2.991 fueron calificados como nulos, sin diferencias significativas en los movimientos nulos entre hombres y mujeres. Estos resultados demuestran que es necesario revisar el sistema de juzgamiento o implementar el uso de video para reducir la tasa de movimientos nulos.

Diferencias biomecánicas entre jugadores avanzados y amateur en la ejecución del tiro libre en fútbol / Diferenças biomecânicas entre jogadores avançados e amadores na execução do pontapé livre no futebol / Biomechanical differences between advanced and amateur players in the execution of the free kick in soccer

RESUMEN El tiro libre en el fútbol es una de las técnicas deportivas de importancia, la cual permite reanudar el juego luego de la falta cometida por el otro jugador. La potenciación de la habilidad motriz específica permite desarrollar mayores rendimientos a corto y largo plazo, por lo cual su caracterización es importante para desarrollar metodologías especializadas en las etapas de iniciación deportiva. En tal sentido, la presente investigación tuvo por objetivo analizar las diferencias biomecánicas del tiro libre entre jugadores avanzados y amateur de fútbol. Este estudio es de tipo descriptivo-explicativo de orden correlacional, se diagnostican intencionalmente a 30 futbolistas de la Escuela de Fútbol Chiqui Park (16-32 años de edad), clasificados en dos grupos independientes, el grupo 1 con futbolistas avanzados, y el grupo 2 con futbolistas de nivel amateur. Se evalúan tres variables: el ángulo inicial de la Fase unipodal (AIFU), el ángulo final de la fase final (AFF), y el tiempo de ejecución del tiro libre (TE). No se evidencian diferencias significativas entre grupos independientes en las variables angulares AIFU (p=0.683) y AFF (p=0.389), y una diferencia significativa a favor del grupo 2 en la variable TE (p=0.000). Sin embargo, todos los rangos promedios favorecieron a los futbolistas de nivel avanzado. Existe la necesidad de establecer integralmente mayores estudios que caractericen las categorías formativas estudiadas, sirviendo de base teórica y metodología que fundamente el desarrollo de acciones técnico-tácticas y físicas de consideración en los procesos de dirección del entrenamiento deportivo.

RESUMO O pontapé livre no futebol é uma das técnicas desportivas mais importantes, que permite o reinício do jogo após uma falta cometida pelo outro jogador. A potenciação da habilidade motora específica permite o desenvolvimento de desempenhos mais elevados a curto e longo prazo, razão pela qual a sua caracterização é importante para desenvolver metodologias especializadas nas fases de iniciação ao desporto. Neste sentido, o objectivo desta investigação era analisar as diferenças biomecânicas do pontapé livre entre jogadores de futebol avançados e amadores. Este estudo é de um tipo descritivo-explicativo de ordem correlacional, 30 jogadores de futebol da Escola de Futebol do Chiqui Park (16-32 anos de idade) são intencionalmente diagnosticados, classificados em dois grupos independentes, grupo 1 com jogadores de futebol avançados, e grupo 2 com jogadores de futebol amadores. São avaliados os seguintes São avaliadas três variáveis de interesse: o ângulo inicial da fase unipodal (AIFU), o ângulo final da fase final (AFF), e o tempo de execução do lançamento livre (TE). Não foram evidentes diferenças significativas entre grupos independentes nas variáveis angulares AIFU (p=0,683) e AFF (p=0,389), e uma diferença significativa a favor do grupo 2 na variável TE (p=0,000). No entanto, todas as gamas médias favoreceram os jogadores de nível avançado. Há necessidade de estabelecer de forma abrangente outros estudos que caracterizem as categorias de formação estudadas, servindo como base teórica e metodológica para o desenvolvimento de ações técnico-tácticas e físicas de consideração nos processos de gestão da formação desportiva.

ABSTRACT The free kick in soccer is one of the important sports techniques, which allows the game to resume after a foul committed by the other player. The enhancement of specific motor skills allows the development of higher performance in the short and long term, for which its characterization is important to develop specialized methodologies in the stages of sports initiation. In this sense, the present research aimed to analyze the biomechanical differences of the free kick between advanced and amateur soccer players. This study is of a descriptive-explanatory type of correlational order, 30 soccer players from the Chiqui Park Soccer School (16-32 years of age) are intentionally diagnosed, classified into two independent groups, group 1 with advanced soccer players, and group 2 with amateur level soccerers. Three variables of interest are evaluated: the Initial Angle of the Unipodal Phase (AIFU in Spanish), the Final Angle of the Final Phase (AFF in Spanish), and the Execution Time of the Free Throw (TE in Spanish). There are no significant differences between independent groups in the angular variables AIFU (p=0.683) and AFF (p=0.389), and a significant difference in favor of group 2 in the variable TE (p=0.000). However, all the average ranges favored the advanced level players. There is a need to comprehensively establish larger studies that characterize the training categories studied, serving as a theoretical basis and methodology that supports the development of technical-tactical and physical actions of consideration in the processes of sports training management.

Análisis de las finanzas públicas en el Situado Fiscal Territorial Municipal - Santiago de Cali: comunas 21, 10 y 22 / Analysis of public finances in the Municipal Territorial Taxation - Santiago de Cali: communes 21, 10 and 22 / Análise das finanças públicas no Situado Fiscal Territorial Municipal - Santiago de Cali: comunas 21, 10 e 22

RESUMEN La investigación corresponde al análisis de las finanzas públicas, especificamente al Situado Fiscal Territorial Municipal (SFTM) del municipio de Santiago de Cali, Colombia, en las comunas 21 (estrato socioeconómico bajo-bajo), 10 (estrato socioeconómico medio-medio) y 22 (estrato socioeconómico alto-alto), durante el periodo 2012-2015, en las cuales se realizo una inversion por parte del municipio, en aras de satisfacer las necesidades de la población y mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas. Para la realización del análisis se utilizaron como herramientas los Planes de Desarrollo de Comunas y Corregimientos, los Planes Operativos Anuales de Inversion (POAI) y el presupuesto ejecutado del SFTM, comparando la inversion per cápita de las problemáticas intervenidas entre las comunas estudiadas. Como resultado de este análisis se identificaron fallas en la asignación y ejecución de los recursos, dado que no se priorizaron problemáticas sensibles para las comunas 21 y 10, como lo son la seguridad, la capacitacion para el trabajo, la atencion a los adultos mayores y la participacion política de las organizaciones sociales, las cuales se consideran importantes para el desarrollo economico y social de las comunas menos favorecidas.

ABSTRACT The research presented below corresponds to the analysis of public finances, specifically the Municipal Territorial Tax Site (SFTM), of the municipality of Santiago de Cali, Colombia, in the communes 21 [low-low socioeconomic status], 10 [middle socioeconomic status] and 22 [high-high socioeconomic status], during the period 2012-2015, in which an investment was made by the municipality in order to satisfy the needs of the population and improve people's quality of life. To carry out the analysis, the Development Plans of Communes and Townships, the Annual Operational Investment Plans (POAI) and the executed budget of the SFTM were used as tolos, comparing the per capita investment of the intervened problems between the studied communes. As a result of this analysis, failures in the allocation and execution of resources were identified, since sensitive problems were not prioritized for communes 21 and 10, such as security, job training, care for the elderly and the political participation of social organizations, which are considered important for the economic and social development of the less favored communes.

RESUMO A investigação corresponde à análise das finanças públicas, especificamente o Situado Fiscal Territorial Municipal (SFTM) do município de Santiago de Cali, Colômbia, nas comunas 21 (estrato socioeconomico baixo), 10 (estrato socioeconomico médio médio) e 22 (estrato socioeconomico alto), durante o período 2012-2015, no qual foi feito um investimento pelo município, a fim de satisfazer as necessidades da população e melhorar a qualidade de vida da população. Os instrumentos utilizados para a análise foram os Planos de Desenvolvimento das Comunas e Corregimentos, os Planos Anuais de Investimento Operacional (POAI) e o orçamento executado do SFTM, comparando o investimento per capita dos problemas intervencionados entre as comunas estudadas. Como resultado desta análise, foram identificadas falhas na atribuição e execução de recursos, dado que não foi dada prioridade a questões sensíveis para as comunas 21 e 10, tais como segurança, formação profissional, atenção aos idosos e participação política das organizações sociais, que são consideradas importantes para o desenvolvimento economico e social das comunas menos favorecidas.

Dinâmica financeira dos municípios brasileiros / Financial dynamics of Brazilian municipalities

Resumo O estudo tem como objetivo explorar as ocorrências fiscais dos municípios brasileiros no período 2002 a 2016, analisando a relação entre as receitas, as despesas com pessoal, os estratos de tamanho, os delineamentos da atividade econômica e as riquezas municipais, considerando momentos de contração e de expansão do produto nacional. O procedimento metodológico consistiu na utilização de uma representação de dados em painel, com a aplicação do teste de especificação de Hausman, em que o modelo de efeito fixo, em confronto com o de efeitos aleatórios, se mostrou mais adequado para apuração da relação da variável dependente e das independentes. O cálculo do Quociente do Resultado de Execução Financeira (QREF) mensurou a situação fiscal das unidades federadas e aferiu as relações do QREF com outras variáveis, tais como o perfil de arrecadação, o balanço econômico municipal, a riqueza econômica da localidade, a despesa com pessoal e o tamanho populacional. As repercussões revelaram que as elevadas despesas com pessoal impactam negativamente as apurações dos resultados fiscais, enquanto que, os melhores cômputos do QREF ocorreram em unidades nas quais foram detectados os maiores indicadores de produto interno bruto per capita. Quanto ao nível de atividade econômica, a preponderância financeira dos setores agrícola e de serviços, revelou melhores condições pecuniárias, ressalvando que nos municípios com perfil industrial e classificados como pequenos foram detectados os piores resultados. No desfecho, a crise econômica de 2009 derivou em resultados fiscais ruins, enquanto que a crise política/econômica de 2015 e 2016 transcorreu com respostas orçamentárias mais apropriadas.

Resumen Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar los sucesos fiscales de los municipios brasileños en el período 2002 a 2016, analizando la relación entre ingresos, gastos de personal, estratos de tamaño, delineamientos de la actividad económica y riqueza municipal, considerando momentos de contracción y de expansión del producto nacional. El procedimiento metodológico consistió en utilizar una representación de datos en panel, con la aplicación de la prueba de especificación de Hausman, en la que el modelo de efectos fijos, en comparación con el modelo de efectos aleatorios, resultó ser más adecuado para determinar la relación variable dependiente e independiente. El cálculo del índice de resultados de ejecución financiera (QREF) midió la situación fiscal de las unidades federadas y calculó la relación del QREF con otras variables, como el perfil de recaudación, el balance económico municipal, la riqueza económica del municipio, el gasto en personal y el tamaño de la población. Los resultados mostraron que los elevados gastos en personal tienen un impacto negativo en los resultados fiscales, mientras que los mejores cómputos del QREF ocurrieron en unidades donde se detectaron los indicadores más altos del producto interno bruto per cápita. En cuanto al nivel de actividad económica, la preponderancia financiera de los sectores agrícola y de servicios reveló mejores condiciones pecuniarias, destacando que los peores resultados se encontraron en municipios con perfil industrial y clasificados como pequeños. Al final, la crisis económica de 2009 dio lugar a malos resultados fiscales, mientras que la crisis político-económica de 2015 y 2016 transcurrió con respuestas presupuestarias más apropiadas.

Abstract The study explores the fiscal events of Brazilian municipalities in the period 2002 to 2016, analyzing the relationship between revenues, personnel expenses, size strata, delineations of economic activity, and municipal wealth, considering moments of contraction and national product expansion. The methodology used panel data, with the application of the Hausman specification test, in which the fixed-effect model, in comparison with the random-effects model, proved to be more suitable for determining the variable relationship dependent and independent. The calculation of the Quotient of the Financial Execution Outcome (QFEO) measured the fiscal situation of the federated units. It measured the relationship of the QFEO with other variables, such as the collection profile, the municipal economic activity, the municipality's economic wealth, the expenditure on personal, and the population size. The s results showed that higher personnel expenses negatively impact tax investigations. The best calculations in the QFEO occurred in units where the highest gross domestic product indicators were detected per capita. As for the level of economic activity, the financial preponderance of the agricultural and service sectors revealed better pecuniary conditions. The worst results were found in municipalities with an industrial profile and classified as small. The economic crisis of 2009 resulted in poor fiscal results, while the political/economic crisis of 2015 and 2016 had more appropriate budget responses.

Characteristics of perspective-taking in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its correlation with executive function / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the differences between impaired perspective-taking and executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Methods:From January 2019 to December 2020, according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, thirty-two cases of ADHD children aged 6 to 16(ADHD group) and twenty-six cases of typical development children and adolescents matched with age and intelligence (TD Group) were included. The response time and accuracy rate in dilemma stage and probe stage to self-oriented, maternal perspective-taking and other perspective-taking were measured using perspective-shifting task, and the executive function was evaluated by the behavior rating inventory of executive function (BRIEF). Repeated measurement analysis of variance was used to compare the difference of response time and accuracy rate between the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between the perspective-taking behavior characteristics and the BRIEF total score and subscale scores of ADHD group.Results:The total score and subscale scores of BRIEF scale in ADHD group were significantly higher than those in TD group (all P<0.01). The interaction between group and task type was significant during the task dilemma stage of perspective-shifting task ( F(2, 106)=4.365, P<0.05). Simple effect analysis showed that in other-perspective-taking task, the response time of ADHD group ((2 305.48±464.27)ms) was significantly longer than that of TD group ((1 971.13±462.95)ms) and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.870, P<0.01). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the response time of ADHD group to other perspective-taking in dilemma stage was positively correlated with working memory, organization and inhibition index in EF ( r=0.401, 0.432, 0.342, all P<0.01). Conclusion:The ability of the perspective taking is closely related to impaired executive function, which seem to share a common neuropsychological basis.

Study on the Cognitive Status Quo of “Prohibiting“”Avoiding“”Using Caution ”in the Clinical Application of TCM / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To understand the current status of clinical understanding of “prohibiting”“avoiding”“using caution ” in the application of TCM ，and to provide reference for standardizing the connotation and rational application of “prohibiting” “avoiding”“using caution ”of TCM. METHODS ：Based on the theory of “knowledge-attitude-behavior”，doctor-pharmacist questionnaires and patient questionnaires were designed on the basis of literature research and clinical practice. Through the “Tencent questionnaire ”platform，800 doctor-pharmacist questionnaires were distributed to nearly 300 medical institutions from 32 provinces（cities，autonomous regions ）and 800 patient questionnaires were distributed to public patiants who had used TCM nationwide by anonymous online method. After dimensionality reduction of the questionnaire from three dimensions of cognition ， attention and behavior ，the cognition ，attention and behavior of “prohibiting”“avoiding”“using caution ”in the application of TCM were evaluated by 10 points system. RESULTS ：A total of 703 doctor-pharmacist questionnaires were collected ，including 638 valid questionnaires with recovery rate of 87.9％ and effective rate of 90.8％；Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.90. A total of 644 patient questionnaires were collected ，including 621 valid questionnaires with recovery rate of 80.5％ and effective rate of 96.4％ . The cognition score of doctors and pharmacists to the terms of “prohibiting”“avoiding”“using caution ”in clinical application of TCM was （7.94±1.21），and that of patients was （5.64±1.54）. The score of doctors and pharmacists ’attention to the above terms was （9.47±1.15）（Spearman Rho correlation coefficient with cognition score was 0.077，P＞0.05），and the score of behavioral ability of patients was （7.01±1.71）（Spearman Rho correlation coefficient with cognition score was －0.021，P＞ 0.05）. The score of behavior ability was （7.43 ± 1.72） （Spearman Rho correlation coefficient with cognition score was 0.233，P＜0.01）. TCM textbooks （89.2％），trainingmeetings （66.5％） and herbal prescriptions （58.2％） were the main ways for doctors and pharmacists to learn the above taboos. Medical staff （74.2％）and internet （52.5％）were the main ways for patients to understand the above taboos. CONCLUSIONS ：Doctors，pharmacists and patients pay more attention to the terms of “prohibiting”“avoiding”“using caution ”in the clinical application of TCM ，but their cognition and executive power were low. Clinical cognition of “prohibiting”“avoiding”“using caution ”in the application of TCM is relatively vague，and the corresponding clinical practice behavior is lacking. It is yet to establish clinical specialist consensus in the field of TCM and publicize it actively to improve the level of clinical rational drug use.

Análisis de la calidad de ejecución técnica de los golpeos de mano alta, en atletas de bádminton categoría escolar / Análise da qualidade da execução técnica dos golpes de mão alta, na categoria escolar badminton atletas / Analysis of the quality of technical execution of high hand strokes in school category badminton athletes

Resumen La práctica del bádminton, desde sus inicios, en el alto rendimiento en la provincia Pinar del Río, ha logrado mantener un trabajo sistemático y con resultados que avalan la estancia de atletas pinareños en la élite nacional, fundamentalmente en la modalidad de doble y doble mixto, sin embargo, en la evaluación de los resultados de los test pedagógicos-técnicos y evaluaciones de los objetivos pedagógicos a nivel nacional, actualmente están evaluados de Mal. Con el objetivo de conocer tal comportamiento, se realizó un minucioso estudio de las particularidades de la ejecución técnica de los golpeos de mano alta, la cual resulta ser la técnica más afectada según observaciones realizadas a sesiones de entrenamientos y desarrollo de competencias. La investigación se desarrolló en los siete atletas de la categoría escolar de la EIDE "Ormani Arenado Llorch" de Pinar del Río. A través de la entrevista y la observación como métodos científicos, se pudo constatar el nivel de ejecución técnico de los golpeos de mano alta en los atletas de bádminton categoría escolar, detectándose insuficiencias que atentan con la obtención de resultados competitivos superiores.

Resumo A prática do badminton, desde o seu início, no alto desempenho na província de Pinar del Río, conseguiu manter um trabalho sistemático e com resultados que garantem a permanência dos atletas de Pinar del Río na elite nacional, principalmente na modalidade dupla e mista, no entanto, na avaliação dos resultados dos testes pedagógico-técnicos e avaliações dos objetivos pedagógicos a nível nacional, são atualmente avaliados por Mal. A fim de compreender este comportamento, foi realizado um estudo detalhado sobre as particularidades da execução técnica dos golpes de mão alta, que é a técnica mais afetada de acordo com as observações feitas durante as sessões de formação e o desenvolvimento de competências. A investigação foi desenvolvida nos sete atletas da categoria escolar do EIDE "Ormani Arenado Llorch" em Pinar del Río. Através da entrevista e da observação como métodos científicos, foi possível verificar o nível de execução técnica dos golpes de mão alta nos atletas de Badminton da categoria escolar, detectando deficiências que tentam com a obtenção de resultados competitivos superiores.

Abstract The practice of badminton since its beginnings in the high performance in the province of Pinar del Río, has managed to maintain a systematic work and with results that guarantee the stay of Pinar del Río athletes in the national elite, mainly in the double and mixed modality, however in the evaluation of the results of the pedagogic-technical tests and evaluations of the pedagogic objectives at national level are currently evaluated from Mal. With the objective of knowing such behavior, a meticulous study was made of the particularities of the technical execution of high hand strikes, which turns out to be the technique most affected according to observations made in training sessions and development of competencies. The research was developed in the seven athletes of the school category of the EIDE "Ormani Arenado Llorch" from Pinar del Río. Through the interview and the observation as scientific methods, it was possible to verify the level of technical execution of high hand strokes in the badminton athletes of school category, detecting deficiencies that attempt to obtain superior competitive results.

Are parents and children aware of child sexual prevention education?

Background: India contains largest populations of child victim of sexual abuse. Current study aimed to find out awareness, orientation, execution of parents for child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention education and study the awareness of CSA prevention education among children attending pre-primary and primary school.Method: It was cross-sectional study carried out during 2016-2017 at government and private school of Gwalior. Total 500 parents and 500 children were selected' Proforma based assessment was done among parents and diagrammatic (picture) based assessment among children, Children are explained about diagrammatic proforma and give to color area of good touch and bad touch.Results: The study revealed that 34% of parents are unaware of various facts of child sexual abuse (p <0.005). Post graduate parents have more CSA awareness (90.3%) (p<0.001).Total36% parents have shown negative orientation towards child sexual abuse prevention education. CSA prevention awareness more in upper class parents (88.3%) as compared to lower class (43.8%) (p < 0. 001). post graduate parents have more CSA awareness as compared to illiterate and higher secondary. On assessing the knowledge of good touch and bad touch among children. It was found that only 6% of children have good knowledge, 36%children have some knowledge and 58 % no knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch .Conclusion: Majority of parents and kid are unaware of various fact of child sexual abuse. Parents education level has direct correlation, highly qualified mother father has positive attitude toward child sexual abuse prevention education. Lack of knowledge found in lower socioeconomic class.

Discussion on the causes and countermeasures for the problems in budget execution of medical research projects / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective Summarize main problems identified in the budget execution of medical research projects,analyze main causes for proposing improvement countermeasures in daily practice.Methods Based on the auditing work of scientific research expenditure,administrative policies,as well as existed studies,this study conducted analysis and discussions from the perspective of research administrators.Results In this study,budget execution problems are classified into four categories.During recent years,updates and changes in the policy of research funding played important role in solving or relieving some problems in budget execution.However,some factors related to the problems still existed,thus,we put forward some suggestions on the management of scientific research funds from four aspects:multi-department collaboration,promoting the construction of scientific research funds management platform,budget execution training and implementing the financial assistant system.Conclusions The management of scientific research funds is a cooperative activity involving the administrative department of research projects,undertaking units,research groups etc.The unit which undertakes scientific research should coordinate many other departments to strengthen the supervision and management,improve the efficiency of the use of scientific research funds.

Analysis of the effect of introducing multi-dimensional care strategy based on cognitive goal execution concept in patients undergoing femoral head necrosis replacement / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To explore the effect of introducing multi-dimensional care strategy based on the concept of cognitive goal implementation in patients with femoral head necrosis replacement.@*Methods@#From April 2016 to July 2018, 94 patients with femoral head necrosis were treated in Hainan Third People's Hospital. According to the digital table, the clinical subjects were named as study group and control group, 47 cases each. Among them, the control group carried out traditional intervention, while the research group carried out multi-dimensional care strategy based on the concept of cognitive goal implementation. The self-management ability, quality of life and satisfaction of the two groups were compared before and 4 weeks after the intervention.@*Results@#After intervention, the scores of life behavior, rest and sleep, exercise, diet, medication compliance, self-monitoring, psychological counseling and regular reexamination in the study group were (2.0 ± 0.6), (1.9 ± 0.5), (1.8 ± 0.3), (2.0 ± 0.5), (2.4± 0.7), (2.0 ± 0.5), (2.1 ± 0.7) and (2.1 ± 0.6) respectively, which were higher than those in the control group (1.6 ± 0.4). There were significant differences in scores (t = 10.268-20.369, P<0.05). The scores of physiological function, physiological function, social function, mental health, emotional function, vitality, somatic pain and general health in the study group after intervention were (80.6 ± 6.5), (43.7 ± 4.2), (75.1 ± 6.1), (69.5 ± 5.1), (50.9 ±4.4), (66.5 ± 5.0), (79.3 ± 5.2) and (65.9 ± 6.0) respectively, which were higher than those in the control group (67.3 ± 4.2).) There were significant differences in scores (t = 11.803-18.277, P<0.05). The good rate of target implementation in the study group was 89.4% (42/47), which was higher than that in the control group (65.9% (31/47). The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 16.782, P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction of the study group was 97.9% (45/47), higher than that of the control group 85.1% (40/47). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.919, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Multidimensional care strategy based on the concept of cognitive goal execution can improve self-care ability and quality of life of patients with femoral head necrosis replacement, and improve patient satisfaction.

Analysis of the effect of introducing multi-dimensional care strategy based on cognitive goal execution concept in patients undergoing femoral head necrosis replacement / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effect of introducing multi-dimensional care strategy based on the concept of cognitive goal implementation in patients with femoral head necrosis replacement. Methods From April 2016 to July 2018, 94 patients with femoral head necrosis were treated in Hainan Third People's Hospital. According to the digital table, the clinical subjects were named as study group and control group, 47 cases each. Among them, the control group carried out traditional intervention, while the research group carried out multi-dimensional care strategy based on the concept of cognitive goal implementation. The self-management ability, quality of life and satisfaction of the two groups were compared before and 4 weeks after the intervention. Results After intervention, the scores of life behavior, rest and sleep, exercise, diet, medication compliance, self-monitoring, psychological counseling and regular reexamination in the study group were (2.0 ± 0.6), (1.9 ± 0.5), (1.8 ± 0.3), (2.0 ± 0.5), (2.4± 0.7), (2.0 ± 0.5), (2.1 ± 0.7) and (2.1 ± 0.6) respectively, which were higher than those in the control group (1.6 ± 0.4). There were significant differences in scores (t = 10.268-20.369, P<0.05). The scores of physiological function, physiological function, social function, mental health, emotional function, vitality, somatic pain and general health in the study group after intervention were (80.6 ± 6.5), (43.7 ± 4.2), (75.1 ± 6.1), (69.5 ± 5.1), (50.9 ±4.4), (66.5 ± 5.0), (79.3 ± 5.2) and (65.9 ± 6.0) respectively, which were higher than those in the control group (67.3 ± 4.2). ) There were significant differences in scores (t = 11.803-18.277, P<0.05). The good rate of target implementation in the study group was 89.4% (42/47), which was higher than that in the control group (65.9% (31/47). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=16.782, P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction of the study group was 97.9% (45/47), higher than that of the control group 85.1% (40/47). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.919, P<0.05).Conclusion Multidimensional care strategy based on the concept of cognitive goal execution can improve self-care ability and quality of life of patients with femoral head necrosis replacement, and improve patient satisfaction.

The impact of different infarction regions on functional connectivity in motor execution network / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective@#To explore the influence of the location of the infarction lesion on the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the motor execution network.@*Methods@#A total of 144 patients with infarction of the motor pathway were involved in the study, including 97 patients with capsule stroke (CS) and 47 patients with pontine stroke (PS).50 age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled.After acquiring the structural images and the resting-state functional MRI data of all the subjects by 3.0-Tesla MR scanner, the functional connectivity was calculated in different regions of interest and the differences of the rsFC within the motor execution network among patients with different infarction location were compared.@*Results@#Left CS patients exhibited increased rsFC in L_PMd (MNI x, y, z: -22, -13, 57) -R_M1 (MNI x, y, z: 38, -22, 56) (F=3.951, P=0.022), the increased rsFC than healthy controls (P=0.031); Left CS patients exhibited increased rsFC in R_PMv (MNI x, y, z: 53, 0, 25)-L_SPL (MNI x, y, z: -22, -64, 54) than healthy controls (F=4.017, P=0.021), left CS patients exhibited decreased rsFC in R_PCG (MNI x, y, z: 37, -34, 53) -R_PMv (MNI x, y, z: 53, 0, 25) than healthy controls(F=-3.788, P=0.025). Right CS patients exhibited increased rsFC than healthy controls in R_PMd(MNI x, y, z: 28, -10, 54)-L_M1(MNI x, y, z: -38, -22, 56) (F=4.438, P=0.014), right CS patients exhibited increased rsFC than healthy controls in R_PMv(MNI x, y, z: 53, 0, 25)-R_PCG(MNI x, y, z: 37, -34, 53)(F=4.830, P=0.010), right CS patients exhibited decreased rsFC in L_M1(MNI x, y, z: -38, -22, 56)-L_SMA(MNI x, y, z: -5, -4, 57) than healthy controls (F=-5.102, P=0.007). And the left PS patients showed increased rsFC than healthy controls in R_DN -L_SMA (F=4.939, P=0.009), left PS patients exhibited increased rsFC than healthy controls in L_DN-R_SMA (F=3.431, P=0.036), left PS patients exhibited reduced rsFC than healthy controls in R_AICb -R_PMd (F=-4.114, P=0.019). Right PS patients showed increased rsFC compared with healthy controls in L_DN-R_M1(F=3.075, P=0.049), and increased rsFC compared with healthy controls in L_AICb-R_SCb (F=3.725, P=0.027).@*Conclusion@#The infarction location poses influence on the FC alteration of the motor network after stroke.

Development and application of closed-loop execution system of drainage-tube / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective Through the design and application of the closed-loop drainage system,the whole process data is extracted from the clinical nursing information system,and the data tracking and quality management of the whole process node are carried out.Methods From October 2015 to February 2017,during the clinical application,the total number of drainage tube closed-loop data was 117 625,the whole process from the drainage tube placement to extubation could be traced,unified the name of drainage tube,statistics days by artificial to information,saved the time of nursing staff,improved the accuracy of channel statistics.The WeChat questionnaire was designed to investigate the satisfaction of nurses on the closed-loop executive system of drainage tube by using the Likert five scale.Results After improvement,saved the time for nursing staff,nurses from the original manual statistics,per capita spent 10 minutes a day to now the computer automatically crawl.After the implementation,nurses thought that the drainage tube assessment more effective overall satisfaction for(4.32±0.99)points;unplanned extubation of patients reporting process more convenient overall satisfaction for(4.22±0.80)points;application of the system more simple and more effective management overall satisfaction respectively for(4.35±0.73),(4.35±0.74)points.The transfer time was(7.85±5.10)minutes before the implementation and(4.53±3.98)min after the implementation,there was significant difference(t=5.68,P＜0.05).The color of drainage tube number was 309.3±204.8,the number of characters was 3020±1 097.Conclusions The establishment and development of drainage tube closed-loop execution system provide a reliable factual basis for clinical medical diagnosis decision;at the same time,the clinical term in classified,the description of the color and character of the drainage-tube has tended to be centralized and unified;improve the work efficiency and patient safety;the quality management system based on process management is generally effective.

Neural Mechanisms of Speech Motor Control in Parkinson's Disease under Different Cueing Strategies / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the neural mechanisms of speech motor control in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) under different strategies of motor execution control.MethodsThe techniques of the psychoacoustic and event-related potentials (ERPs) based on the altered auditory feedback paradigm were used in the present study. Two groups, including 17 PD patients and 17 healthy controls, were instructed to produce sustained vowels under the internal and external cueing tasks while hearing their voice randomly pitch-shifted downwards. The vocal responses and associated ERPs were recorded and compared across the groups and tasks.ResultsBehavioral results showed that the amplitude of acoustic compensation response was larger in PD patients than in the healthy controls (F=5.415, P=0.027), however, the main effect was not significant in the tasks (F=0.039, P=0.840). At the cortical level, PD patients produced significantly larger N1 responses to pitch perturbations in the internal cueing task related to the external cueing task (F=8.634, P=0.006), while such task effect was not observed in the healthy controls (F=1.550, P=0.231). Also, PD patients produced significantly larger N1 responses than the healthy controls in the internal cueing condition (F=5.476, P=0.026), but not in the external cueing condition (F=0.249, P=0.621). Conclusion Speech motor control in PD can be influenced by the strategies of motor execution control. Compared to the internal cueing task, the external cueing task can increase neural efficiency in the encoding of speech auditory feedback PD patients that improve auditory-motor integration for speech production.

La tuberculosis en el cárcel: un retrato de las adversidades del sistema prisional brasileño / Tuberculosis in prison: a portrait of the adversities of the Brazilian prison system

Resumo:Tuberculose (TB) é uma doença infectocontagiosa que tem na forma pulmonar a maior importância clínica e epidemiológica.O Brasil apresenta alta incidência de TB, ocupando o 20º lugar no mundo e a situação entre as pessoas privadas de liberdade (PPL) é ainda mais grave. Por meio de pesquisa exploratória quali-quantitativao, buscou-se analisar o atual panorama da tuberculose no Brasil, com ênfase no sistema prisional. Na prisão, o desenvolvimento da TB é favorecido pela superlotação, nutrição precária, más condições higiênico-sanitárias, além de altas taxas de comorbidades. Assim, a incidência de TB entre PPL é cerca de 31 vezes superior ao notificado extramuros, colocando-as entre o grupos mais vulneráveis, equiparadas às pessoas vivendo com HIV. Este fato torna-se ainda mais preocupante quando se reconhece que o Brasil é o quarto país com a maior população prisional do mundo e com taxas crescentes de aprisionamento. Deve-se ter em mente que a população intramuros não está completamente isolada, tornando-se fonte de transmissão da tuberculose para o restante da população, através de visitas, transferências e contato com os profissionais do presídio. Diversos programas tiveram relativo êxito em reduzir o índice de incidência da tuberculose nos últimos anos, contudo, para as PPL as mazelas ainda se mantêm, tornando o sistema prisional um verdadeiro reservatório de tuberculose.

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that has the greatest clinical and epidemiological importance in pulmonary form. Brazil has a high incidence of TB, occupying the 20th place in the world and the situation among people deprived of liberty (PPL) is even more serious. Through exploratory qualitative-quantitative research, we sought to analyze the current panorama of tuberculosis in Brazil, with emphasis on the prison system. In prison, the development of TB is favored by overcrowding, poor nutrition, poor hygienic-sanitary conditions, and high rates of comorbidities. Thus, the incidence of TB among PLWA is about 31 times higher than reported outside the city walls, placing them among the most vulnerable groups, equal to those living with HIV. This fact becomes even more worrying when one recognizes that Brazil is the fourth country with the largest prison population in the world and with increasing rates of imprisonment. It should be borne in mind that the intramural population is not completely isolated, becoming a source of transmission of tuberculosis to the rest of the population through visits, transfers and contact with prison staff. Several programs have been relatively successful in reducing the incidence of tuberculosis in recent years; however, for PPLs the adversities still remain, making the prison system a true reservoir of tuberculosis.

ResumenLa tuberculosis (TB) es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa que tiene en forma pulmonar la mayor importancia clínica y epidemiológica. Brasil presenta alta incidencia de TB, ocupando el 20º lugar en el mundo y la situación entre las personas privadas de libertad (PPL) es aún más grave. Por medio de una investigación exploratoria cuali-cuantitativa, se buscó analizar el actual panorama de la tuberculosis en Brasil, con énfasis en el sistema penitenciario. En la prisión, el desarrollo de la TB es favorecido por el hacinamiento, la nutrición precaria, las malas condiciones higiénico-sanitarias, además de altas tasas de comorbilidad. Así, la incidencia de TB entre PPL es aproximadamente 31 veces superior al notificado extramuros, colocándolos entre los grupos más vulnerables, equiparados a las personas que viven con el VIH. Este hecho se vuelve aún más preocupante cuando se reconoce que Brasil es el cuarto país con la mayor población prisional del mundo y con tasas crecientes de encarcelamiento.Se debe tener en cuenta que la población intramurosa no está completamente aislada, convirtiéndose en fuente de transmisión de la tuberculosis para el resto de la población, a través de visitas, transferencias y contacto con los profesionales de la cárcel. Diversos programas tuvieron éxito en reducir el índice de incidencia de la tuberculosis en los últimos años, sin embargo, para las PPL las adversidades aún se mantienen, haciendo que el sistema penitenciario un verdadero reservorio de tuberculosis.

Investigation and improvement of the problems which are caused by pretreating reused medical instruments after usage / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To discuss the reason of the problem, which are caused by pretreating reused medical instruments after usage in each hospital clinical departments;ensure the washing quality for the reused medical instruments and prolonging the working life of them. Methods The execution rate, washing quality, damage of which pretreating reused medical instruments in clinical departments were counted The Clinic of Infection, Nursing Department and Central Sterile Supply Department observed and adopted questionnaire for information, and then formulated targeted guidance and improvement according to the information. Results The execution rate of pretreating reused medical instrument after usage reached from 64.6% to 99.4%, the qualified rate of instrument washing had improved from 93.0% to 99.7%,the damage rate of instruments had decreased from 1.84% to 0.74%,and there were significant differences(χ2=9 413.8,38 160.6,2 820.2,all P<0.05). Conclusions Pretreating reused medical instrument after usage correctly and timely,can not only ensure the washing quality for the medical instruments, but also prolong the working life of them. It ensures the application value of the medical instruments.

Application of execution sheet for health education among heart failure patients / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the effect of execution sheet for health education in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. Methods About 50 CHF patients hospitalized from October 2015 to December 2015 were assigned as the control group and another 50 CHF patients hospitalized from January to March 2016 were set up as the experiment groups. The control group was instructed by the regular health education and the experiment group was instructed by the execution sheet for health education. Results The executive ability in the experiment group were stronger than that of control group (P<0.01). The level of self management among the patients in the experiment group was higher than those of the that control group. Conclusions The health education execution sheet increase the patients' self-management and strengthen nursing ability for discharged patients. It is worthy of popularization in clinical practice.

Practice and consideration of fostering hospital execution culture for healthcare-associated infection management / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To explore the application value of hospital execution culture in healthcare-associated infec-tion(HAI)management.Methods All departments in a hospital from January 1 ,2013 to December 31 ,2014 were studied.From January 1 ,2014,ideas and fostering methods for hospital execution culture were applied in HAI management,the working enthusiasm,working ability,and working achievements of health care workers (HCWs) on HAI control before and after the application of execution culture were compared.Results 53 departments in the hospital were surveyed annually in 2013 and 2014.Working enthusiasm:the number of departments participating in hospital-wide training increased from 24 (45.28%)to 49 (92.45%),the number of departments that carried out subsequent training increased from 21(39.62%)to 48(90.57%),departments that initiatively carried out self-inspec-tion increased from 10(18.87%)to 43(81 .13%),differences were all significant (all P <0.001).Working ability:percentage of HCWs knew knowledge about hand hygiene as well as prevention and control measures for multidrug resistance bacteria increased from 49.05% (103/210)and 37.14% (78/210)to 96.30% (208/216)and 97.22%(210/216)respectively;while in 2013,only 2 departments (3.77%)performed regular rectification on daily work, which increased to 19 departments (35.85%)after training,differences were all significant (all P <0.001).Working achievements:the qualified rate of correct hand hygiene among HCWs increased from 8.57%(18/210)to 87.04%(188/216);implementation rate of multidrug resistance bacteria isolation increased from 50.00% to 80.08%,path-ogenic detection in patients receiving therapeutic antimicrobial agents increased from 28.85% to 51 .30%,differ-ences were all significant(all P <0.001).Conclusion Fostering of hospital execution culture has improved the en-thusiasm and work ability of HCWs to participate in HAI management,promoted the implementation of HAI man-agement,and is a powerful tool for the management of HAI.

Origem e relação do trabalho com o ser humano e as limitações do trabalho na prisão / Origin and work relationship with human being and labor limitations in prison

O presente trabalho se propõe a analisar a origem e a relação do trabalho com o homem, elucidando a realização do trabalho prisional e os entraves para seu funcionamento, a fim de conciliar as diretrizes da Lei de Execução Penal que estabelece o trabalho como forma de (re) socialização na prisão à realidade apresentada àqueles que cumprem pena restritiva de liberdade. Considerando a categoria trabalho como determinante na vida humana ao longo da história, relegando status de homem trabalhador valorizado pela sociedade, a identidade profissional acaba, muitas vezes, confundida com o próprio indivíduo no meio social. Portanto, torna-se necessário pensar no lugar que o trabalho ocupa na vida do homem, sobretudo de pessoas que passaram pelo sistema prisional, uma vez que a identidade do sujeito se atrela, geralmente, ao trabalho que exerce no meio social.

This study aims to analyze the origin and relationship between man and work, elucidating the realization of prison labor and barriers of its functioning, especially to reconcile the guidelines of the Prison Law establishing the work as a way to social rehabilitation in prison and reality presented to those who meet strict sentence. Considering the category of labor as crucial in human life throughout history, relegating man worker status valued by society, professional identity ends often confused with the individual himself in the social environment. Therefore, it is necessary to think about the place that work occupies in human life, especially people who passed through the prison system, since the identity of the subject often hooks up to work he plays in social environment.