Fractura de mandíbula en pacientes parcialmente edéntulos. Alternativa de tratamiento cerrado. Serie de casos / Mandibular fractures in partially edentulous patients. Closed treatment alternatives. A Cases series

Para el tratamiento de fracturas mandibulares existen protocolos cuyo propósito primordial es la función temprana. Existen diversos motivos por los cuales no se puede ejecutar ciertas técnicas en Venezuela, principalmente por problemas económicos para la adquisición de materiales de osteosíntesis especializados. Por esta razón, se ha recurrido a técnicas quirúrgicas antiguas. Se presenta un estudio con diseño longitudinal de tipo descriptivo, para el reporte de serie de 5 casos clínicos de fracturas de mandíbula, con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: presentar fractura mandibular en pacientes dentados parcialmente con imposibilidad al acceso al material de osteosíntesis del sistema de cargas soportadas. Tratados bajo procedimiento quirúrgico cerrado, la condición de edentulismo parcial confiere a la fractura de mandíbula inestabilidad, dificulta la reducción anatómica, pérdida de dimensión vertical y transversal, las que se recuperan a través de la elaboración de férulas tipo Gunning modificadas. Estas férulas se mantuvieron en posición con alambrados de suspensión ósea tipo circummandibulares y circumzigomáticos, como medios para establecer estabilidad en el tiempo. Se obtuvieron resultados satisfactorios, por lo que, aún hoy en día se pueden plantear como opciones de tratamiento.

For the treatment of mandibular fractures, there are protocols whose primary purpose is early function. However, several reasons prevent the execution of these techniques in Venezuela, mainly due to economic problems regarding the acquisition of specialized osteosynthesis materials. As a result, there is a necessity to resort to old surgical techniques. A study with a descriptive longitudinal design is presented, reporting 5 clinical cases of jaw fractures with the following inclusion criteria: presenting a mandibular fracture in partially dentate patients with impossibility of accessing the osteosynthesis material of the load-bearing system. The treatment conducted under closed surgical procedures. The condition of partial edentulism confers instability to the mandible fracture, hindering anatomical reduction and causing a loss of vertical and transverse dimension. These issues are addressed through the utilization of modified Gunning-type splints, which help in recovery. The splints were maintained in position with circum-mandibular and circum-zygomatic bone suspension wiring as a means to establish stability over time. Satisfactory results were obtained, indicating that these techniques can still be considered as treatment options today.

Efectividad de Férulas de Descarga Oclusivas como Tratamiento para la Disfunción Temporomandibular. Revisión Sistemática

El objetivo de este estudio de revisión sistemática consistió en la búsqueda de hallazgos clínicos en estudios de calidad sobre la efectividad de la terapia con férulas de descarga oclusales. Esta investigación bibliográfica se realizó en PubMed, Embase, SciELO, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar y en el Registro Central de Ensayos clínicos Cochrane; delimitando la búsqueda desde el 1 de enero de 2011 al 1 de junio de 2022. Se incluyeron un total de 21 artículos, todos relacionados con la disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular y la eficacia de las férulas de descarga oclusales como tratamiento. Las férulas de descarga oclusales reducen eficazmente los síntomas dolorosos en pacientes con trastornos temporomandibulares, tanto en patologías musculares como articulares, aunque con mayor eficacia en casos de disfunción muscular, ya que se han observado desplazamientos recurrentes de disco en patologías articulares.

The objective of this systematic review study was to search for clinical findings in quality studies on the effectiveness of occlusal splint therapy. This literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, SciELO, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials; delimiting the search from January 1, 2011 to June 1, 2022. A total of 21 articles were included, all related to temporomandibular joint dysfunction and the efficacy of occlusal splints as a treatment. Occlusal splints effectively reduce painful symptoms in patients with temporomandibular disorders, both in muscular and joint pathologies, although more effectively in cases of muscular dysfunction, since recurrent disc displacements have been observed in joint pathologies.

Relación entre oclusión, bruxismo y cefalea tensional en niños: Reporte de casos

La cefalea es uno de los motivos de consulta más frecuente en nuestros pacientes, presentando una alta prevalencia en niños en edades escolares y adolescentes. El objetivo de este reporte de casos es describir casos de niños entre 6 y 13 años, quienes presentan cefalea tensional crónica. Al examen clínico se observa maloclusión, dolor a la palpación de músculos masticatorios y bruxismo. Todos los pacientes tenían características comunes en su personalidad, siendo perfeccionistas, estudiosos y preocupados. La terapia que se les realizó fue la confección de una férula oclusal orgánica, construida en relación céntrica, y se controlaron cada 15 días. Luego de un mes de tratamiento los pacientes mostraron una remisión total de las cefaleas y de la contractura muscular, llegando a la conclusión de que los planos de relajación sirven para aliviar la cefalea tensional en niños con bruxismo y maloclusión, siempre realizando un correcto diagnóstico previo.

Headache is one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in our patients, with a high prevalence in school-age children of and adolescents. The objective of this case report is to present cases of children between 6 and 13 years old, who have chronic tension headache. On clinical examination, malocclusion, palpation of masticatory muscles and bruxism were observed. All the patients had common characteristics in their personality, being perfectionists, studious and concerned. The therapy consisted of the preparation of an occlusal splint, with partial or total coverage depending on the case, and they were monitored every 15 days. After one month of treatment, the patients showed a total remission of headaches and muscle contracture, concluding that occlusal splints can relieve tension headache in children with bruxism and malocclusion, always with a correct previous diagnosis.

Confección de férulas de descarga personalizadas por CAD-CAM / Customized CAD-CAM fabrication of occlusal splints

La elaboración de férulas de descarga con la utilización de la técnica convencional, basada en la mezcla de un monómero y polímero con el posterior curado de la mezcla, puede dejar restos de monómero que generen reacciones de hipersensibilidad en algunas personas sensibles a estos químicos. Así, el uso de la tecnología CAD-CAM (Diseño Asistido por Ordenador - Fabricación Asistida por Ordenador), puede mejorar el ajuste y confort relacionado con el uso del dispositivo por el paciente. En el siguiente artículo se presenta un método de elaboración de férulas basado en esta tecnología.

The production of occlusal splints using the conventional technique based on a monomer and polymer mixing with subsequent curing of the mixture may leave traces of monomer that generate hypersensitivity reactions in allergic people to these chemicals. Hence, the use of CAD-CAM technology can improve the fit and comfort related to the use of the device on the patient. In this article a splint elaboration method is shown based on this technology.

Influência da férula na resistência à fratura de restaurações com utilização ou não de retentores intrarradiculares em dentes tratados endodonticamente: uma revisão da literatura / Influence of the ferrule on the fracture resistance of restorations with or without the use of intraradicular posts in endodontically treated teeth: a literature review

Objetivo: realizar uma revisão de literatura narrativa sobre a importância e a influência do efeito férula na resistência à fratura de restaurações em dentes tratados endodonticamente com utilização ou não de retentores intrarradiculares. Metodologia: Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores indexados no DeCS (Descritores em Ciências da Saúde): "Férula", Prótese Dentária", "Falha da Restauração Dentária", "Técnica de Retentor Intrarradicular" e "Pinos de Retenção Dentária" para busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, Web of Science, Scopus e Cochrane Library. Resultados: Os dados da maioria dos estudos in vitro ou in vivo incluídos nesta revisão sugerem o uso da férula para aumento da resistência à fratura e longevidade dos dentes tratados endodonticamente. Tem sido recomendada a confecção de uma férula com altura uniforme de 2 mm e espessura superior a 1,5 mm. Conclusão: O uso de retentores radiculares foi indicado pela maioria dos trabalhos, sendo geralmente recomendados os pinos de fibra de vidro ao invés de núcleos metálicos fundidos para minimizar os riscos de fratura radicular em razão do módulo de elasticidade semelhante à dentina, além de possibilidade de retratamentos em casos de falhas adesivas. Apesar disso, ainda são necessários estudos clínicos com acompanhamento a longo prazo para avaliar a longevidade das restaurações de dentes tratados endodonticamente utilizando pinos de fibra de vidro sem ou com a presença de férula em diferentes espessuras e alturas.

Objective: This study aimed to conduct a narrative literature review on the importance and influence of the ferrule effect on the fracture resistance of restorations in endodon-tically treated teeth with or without the use of intraradicular posts. Methodology: The following descriptors indexed in the DeCS (Health Sciences Descriptors) were used: "Ferrule", Dental Prosthesis", "Dental Restoration Failure", "Post and Core Technique", and "Dental Posts", to search on the databases of PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library data. Results: Data from most of the in vitro or in vivo studies included in this review suggest the use of the ferrule to increase fracture resistance and longevity of endodontically treated teeth. It has been recommended to make a ferrule with a uniform height of 2 mm and a thickness greater than 1.5 mm. Conclusion: The use of intraradicular posts was indicated by most studies, and fiberglass posts are generally recommended instead of cast metal cores to minimize the risk of root fracture due to the modulus of elasticity similar to dentin, in addition to the possibility of retreatments in ad-hesive failure cases. Despite this, clinical studies with a long-term follow-up are essential to evaluating the longevity of restorations of endodontically treated teeth using fiberglass posts without or with the presence of ferrule in different thicknesses and heights.

Establishment of Cryosectioning Method and Histochemical Localization Analysis of Volatile Oil and Coumarin Components of Ferula ferulaeoides / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo establish the frozen section method of Ferula ferulaeoides， and to study the histochemical localization of volatile oil and coumarins in different organs of F. ferulaeoides. MethodThe roots， stems， petioles and leaves of F. ferulaeoides were used as materials to investigate the concentration of sucrose protectant， liquid nitrogen flash-freezing time， embedding conditions， section thickness， freezing temperature and time and post-treatment methods， the most suitable section conditions were screened by comparing the integrity， microscopic effect， elongation and clarity of frozen sections. Sudan Ⅳ staining method and fluorescence microscopy were used to locate the volatile oil and coumarins of F. ferulaeoides. ResultThe optimal conditions for frozen sections of the roots， stems， petioles and leaves of F. ferulaeoides were as follows：10%， 15% and 20% gradient sucrose as the protectant for roots， 10%， 20% and 30% gradient sucrose as the protectant for stems and petioles， 20%， 25% and 30% gradient sucrose as the protectant for leaves， glue-water （2∶1） as the embedding agent， quick-freeze in liquid nitrogen for 20 s， warmed up at -25 ℃ for 30 min， sliced at -20 ℃ with the thickness of 25 μm， rinsed with the same concentration of sucrose solution （gradient sucrose solution selected the last concentration）， and the slices placed on the ice pack for a period of time and stored at room temperature. Among them， the concentration of sucrose protectant was the most important factor. The results of histochemical localization showed that volatile oil and coumarins in four organs of F. ferulaeoides were mainly distributed in resin canal. ConclusionFrozen section of F. ferulaeoides is established for the first time with high rate of slicing and simplified steps， its volatile oil and coumarins are mainly accumulated in resin canal.

Comparative anthelmintic efficacy of Arundo donax, Areca catechu, and Ferula assa-foetida against Haemonchus contortus / Eficácia anthelmíntica comparativa de Arundo donax, Areca catechu e Ferula assa-foetida contra Haemonchus contortus

Abstract In the present study, anthelmintic activities of Arundo (A.) donax L., Areca (Ar.) catechu L., and Ferula (F.) assa-foetida L. were determined. Leaves of A. donax L., latex of F. assa-foetida L. and seeds of Ar. catechu L. in different solvent fractions were subjected to in vitro (egg hatch assay; EHA, and adult motility assay; AMA) and in vivo (faecal egg count reduction test; FECRT) tests of anthelmintic activity using Haemonchus contortus model. In the AMA, crude aqueous methanol extracts (CAME) and ethyl acetate fractions of F. assa-foetida at 10 hr post-treatment showed maximum mortality of H. contortus at 12.5-50 mg mL-1. In the EHA, CAME of F. assa-foetida was identified as a potent ovicide based on its low LC50 (16.9 µg mL-1), followed in order by Ar. catechu and A. donax. Results from the FECRT also showed the extract of F. assa-foetida L. to be more effective than those of Ar. catechu L. and A. donax L., against the gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed better anthelmintic activities against the adult worms in vitro, while CAME of these plants were better than their crude powders in vivo. It is recommended to document and investigate indigenous knowledge of possible medicinal plants to plan scientific trials that may justify their endorsement.

Resumo No presente estudo, as atividades anti-helmínticas de Arundo (A.) donax L., Areca (Ar.) Catechu L. e Ferula (F.) assa-foetida L. foram determinadas. Folhas de A. donax L., látex de F. assa-foetida L. e sementes de Ar. catechu L. em diferentes frações de solvente foram submetidos a testes in vitro (teste de eclosão de ovos, EHA e ensaio de motilidade em adultos, AMA); e in vivo (teste de redução da contagem de ovos fecais, FECRT) de atividade anti-helmíntica, usando-se Haemonchus contortus. Na AMA, extratos aquosos brutos de metanol (CAME) e frações de acetato de etila de F. assa-foetida. Dez horas pós-tratamento, apresentaram mortalidade máxima de H. contortus em 12,5-50 mg mL-1. No EHA, CAME de F. assa-foetida foi identificado como um ovicida potente baseado em seu baixo LC50 (16,9 µg mL-1), seguido em ordem por Ar. catechu e A. donax. Os resultados do FECRT também mostraram que o extrato de F. assa-foetida L. é mais eficaz do que o de Ar. catechu L. e A. donax L., contra nematoides parasitas gastrointestinais. As frações clorofórmio e acetato de etila mostraram melhores atividades anti-helmínticas contra vermes adultos in vitro, enquanto o CAME dessas plantas foi melhor do que o pó bruto in vivo. Recomenda-se documentar e investigar o conhecimento indígena de possíveis plantas medicinais para planejar ensaios científicos que possam justificar seu endosso.

Tratamiento con férula dental en bruxismo inducido por antoconvulsivo: Reporte de caso / Dental splint treatment in bruxism induced by anti-seizure drug. Case report

Los signos de desgaste y rechinamiento de los dientes están asociados con el bruxismo y se observan comúnmente en los consultorios dentales. En este reporte, las autoras describen un caso de bruxismo probablemente inducido por el medicamento anticonvulsivo Valpromed®, que fue tratado con éxito mediante una férula dental. El paciente llegó a la clínica declarando que deseaba mejorar su estética. En el examen clínico, se observó un desgaste moderado de las superficies oclusales de los molares asociado con antecedentes de rechinamiento nocturno, característico del bruxismo del sueño. Hace aproximadamente 5 meses, el paciente comenzó la terapia con Valpromed® por orden del neurólogo, debido a episodios de migraña. El medicamento se prescribió para evitar el riesgo de convulsiones ya que el paciente había sufrido de neurocisticercosis durante la infancia. Según los consejos del especialista en rehabilitación oral y la literatura revisada, las autoras concluyeron que el bruxismo podía atribuirse a la terapia con el medicamento anticonvulsivo. Para el tratamiento, se escogió una técnica mínimamente invasiva. Aunque el paciente todavía está en controles, la férula dental parece ser un enfoque prometedor para el tratamiento de esta afección. (AU)

Signs of tooth wear and grinding are associated with bruxism, which is commonly observed in dental offices. Here, the authors describe a case of bruxism probably induced by the anti-seizure drug Valpromed®, that was successfully treated with a dental splint. A man was attended in the dental clinic for improvement of dental aesthetics. On clinical examination moderate overwear of the occlusal surfaces of molars was observed associated with a history of nightly grinding, characteristic of sleep bruxism. Approximately 5 months previously, the patient had started therapy with Valpromed® due to episodes of migraine. The drug had been prescribed by a neurologist to prevent convulsions since the patient had had neurocysticercosis during childhood. Based on the advice of an oral rehabilitation specialist and the literature reviewed, it was concluded that the presence of bruxism in this patient may be attributed to the therapy with the anti-seizure medication. Although the patient is still under controls, the dental splint seems to be a promising approach for the treatment of this condition. The patient was treated with a minimally invasive dental splint and is monitored periodically, showing good results. (AU)

Férula multifunción en paciente adulto / Multifunction splint in an adult patient

RESUMEN Introducción: El bruxismo del sueño es una parafunción que afecta a más del 20 por ciento de la población en general, produce trastornos en el aparato estomatognático y el resto del organismo. Su multicausalidad dificulta su diagnóstico, control y tratamiento, sobre todo cuando está asociado con el hábito de respiración bucal. Existen aditamentos que son utilizados como coadyuvantes del tratamiento en ambas entidades por separado, pero se torna aún más difícil cuando están combinadas. Objetivo: Comprobar la efectividad de una férula multifunción en el bruxismo del sueño asociado al hábito de respiración bucal. Caso clínico: Paciente masculino de 42 años de edad, con antecedentes de faringitis a repetición y de hipertrofia de adenoides, que acude a la consulta de Trastornos Témporo Mandibulares de la Facultad de Estomatología "Raúl González Sánchez", quien refiere apretamiento de las mandíbulas cuando duerme y dolores en músculos de la cara al despertar. A través de la anamnesis, el examen clínico intrabucal y extrabucal y de diferentes maniobras clínicas, se observó sintomatología relacionada con bruxismo del sueño céntrico combinado con hábito de respiración bucal. Conclusiones: Con la colocación de la férula multifunción se logró disminuir la sintomatología por la cual asistió a consulta el paciente(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Sleep bruxism, a parafunctional habit affecting more than 20 percent of the general population, causes disorders in the stomatognathic system and the rest of the body. Its multicausality makes its diagnosis, control and treatment difficult, particularly when it is associated with mouth breathing. Devices have been created which may be used for the treatment of either condition separately, but therapy becomes more complicated when the two are present. Objective: Verify the effectiveness of a multifunction splint for the treatment of sleep bruxism associated with mouth breathing. Clinical case: A male 42-year-old patient with a history of recurrent pharyngitis and adenoid hypertrophy presents at the temporomandibular disorders service of Raúl González Sánchez Dental School and reports tightening of his jaws during sleep and facial muscle pain upon awakening. Anamnesis, intraoral and extraoral clinical examination, and various clinical maneuvers reveal symptoms of centric sleep bruxism combined with mouth breathing. Conclusions: Placement of a multifunction splint reduced the symptoms that had prompted the patient to attend consultation(AU)

Materials for lower limb prosthetic and orthotic interfaces and sockets: Evolution and associated skin problems / Materiales en interfaces y encajes ortoprotésicos de miembro inferior: evolución y problemas dermatológicos asociados

Abstract Introduction: Sockets and interfaces are important elements for lower limb orthoses and prostheses, as they allow for proper contact and fit between the devices and the affected limb or stump. Objective: To review the different polymers used in the development of lower limb sockets and external prosthetic and orthotic interfaces, their functional requirements and the possible skin problems caused by their use. Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted using the databases EBSCO, Embase, LILACS, SciELO, ScienceDirect and Scopus. Results: 47 articles and papers that met the inclusion criteria were retrieved. Thermoplastics, thermosets, foams, gels and elastomers are among the polymers used for manufacturing prosthetic and orthotic interfaces and sockets. However, studies estimate that between 32% and 90.9% of the population that use these devices have experienced skin problems on the affected stump or limb, such as excessive sweating, wounds and irritation. Conclusion: There is a clear need for further research to develop prosthetic and orthotic interfaces and sockets for lower limbs that can prevent or control damage to the skin of users.

Resumen Introducción. Los encajes e interfaces representan elementos importantes para las órtesis y prótesis de miembro inferior, ya que permiten el contacto y ajuste adecuado entre los dispositivos y la extremidad afectada o muñón. Objetivo. Documentar la variedad de polímeros empleados en el desarrollo de encajes e interfaces ortoprotésicas externas de miembro inferior, sus requerimientos funcionales y los posibles problemas dermatológicos generados por su uso. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos EBSCO, Embase, LILACS, SciELO, ScienceDirect y Scopus. Resultados. Se encontraron 47 artículos y documentos que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Se enuncian polímeros empleados piara la fabricación de interfaces y encajes ortoprotésicos, entre los que se encuentran termoplásticos, termoestables, espumas, geles y elastómeros. Sin embargo, estudios estiman que entre el 32% y el 90.9% de la población que hace uso de estos dispositivos ha presentado problemas en la piel del muñón o la extremidad afectada, como sudoración excesiva, heridas e irritación. Conclusión. Se evidencia la necesidad de realizar actividades investigativas para el desarrollo de interfaces y encajes ortoprotésicos para miembros inferiores que posean la capacidad de evitar o controlar los daños generados en la piel de los usuarios.

Effects of ferrule and diameter of parallel cast post and core on fracture resistance / Efeitos da férula e diâmetro de núcleos metálicos paralelos na resistência a fratura

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of using different diameters of parallel cast posts with, or without ferrule, on the overall fracture resistance of Cast Post and Core (CPC). Material and Methods: Forty (40) endodontically treated human maxillary central incisors were divided into four groups (n=10): [F1] 1.0 mm diameter post with ferrule; [NF1] 1.0 mm diameter cast post without ferrule; [F1.5] 1.5 mm diameter cast post with ferrule; [NF1.5] 1.5 mm diameter post without ferrule. For all teeth, the post space (9.0 mm, in depth) was prepared using ParaPostTM drill. CPC using base metal alloy were fabricated and were cemented using resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) cement along with the Porcelain Fused to Metal (PFM) crowns. A universal testing machine (Instron) was used to apply horizontal force perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth at the center of lingual surface, until catastrophic failure. Data was submitted to two-way ANOVA and Scheffé tests (P<0.05). Results: Both post diameter and ferrule statistically affected the maximum load at fracture (P=0.004 and P=0.013, respectively). The highest mean values were observed for samples with ferrule and wider post size (490N), while the lowest were observed for samples without ferrule and narrower post size (254N). There was no relationship between the presence of a ferrule and post size (P=0.937). Conclusion: For endodontically treated teeth with no ferrule, a wider-diameter cast post increased fracture resistance of a CPC and PFM crown procedure. (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes diâmetros de núcleos metálicos paralelos (com ou sem férula) na resistência a fratura do procedimento restaurador. Material e Métodos: Quarenta (40) incisivos centrais superiores humanos foram tratados endodonticamente e divididos em quarto grupos (n=10): [F1] Diâmetro de 1.0 mm, com férula; [NF1] Diâmetro de 1.0 mm, sem férula; [F1.5] Diâmetro de 1.5 mm, com férula; [NF1.5] Diâmetro de 1.5 mm, sem férula. Para todos os dentes, o espaço foi preparado para o núcleo (9.0 mm, em comprimento) utilizando brocas do ParaPostTM. Os núcleos metálicos e as coroas metalocerâmicas fabricadas foram cimentados utilizando-se cimento de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina. Uma máquina de ensaios universal (Instron) foi utilizada para aplicar uma força horizontal perpendicular ao longo eixo do dente, no centro da face lingual, até falha catastrófica. Os dados foram analisados através de análise de variância de dois fatores e teste de Scheffé (p<0.05). Resultados: O diâmetro do núcleo e a presença (ou ausência) de férula afteram estatiscamente a resistência máxima a fratura do procedimento (P=0.004 e P=0.013, respectivamente). Os maiores valores foram observados para amostras com férula e de maior diâmetro (490N), enquanto os menores valores foram observados para amostras sem férula e de menor diâmetro (254N). Conclusão: Para dentes tratados endodondicamente, com férula, um núcleo de maior diâmetro aumentou a resistência a fratura de procedimentos restauradores envolvendo coroas metalocerâmicas cimentadas sobre núcleos metálicos fundidos. (AU)

Effect of Ferula ferulaeoides on growth and apoptosis of human gastric cancer MGC-803 transplantation tumor in nude mice / 中国中药杂志

In this paper,the effects of active fractions of Ferula ferulaeoides on the growth and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell MGC-803 transplantation tumor were systematically studied. The subcutaneous ectopic transplantation tumor model was established in human gastric cancer MGC-803 nude mice by cell suspension implantation method. The anti-tumor rate and organ index were used to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of the active fractions of F. ferulaeoides on the tumor-bearing nude mice. HE staining,TUNEL staining,RT-PCR,Western-blot and ELISA were used for pathological examination,apoptosis observation,and detection of apoptosis-related genes,proteins and cytokines expression. The results showed that as compared with the model group,the low,medium and high doses of the active fraction of F. ferulaeoides had inhibitory effects on xenografts in nude mice,respectively,in a dose-dependent manner; the apoptotic ratio was increased with the increase of drug concentration. As compared with the model group,F. ferulaeoides could down-regulate the expression of survivin mRNA in nude mice,and the protein expression levels of Bax,Bcl-2,caspase-3 and caspase-9 in tumor tissues of nude mice could be increased to different degrees in F. ferulaeoides groups. The contents of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in plasma of nude mice were decreased in high dose group of F. ferulaeoides active fractions. The results indicated that F. ferulaeoides can significantly inhibit the growth of human gastric cancer MGC-803 subcutaneously transplanted tumor,and its mechanism may be related with down-regulating the expression of survivin mRNA,and up-regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9.

Guarda oclusal gnatológica: técnica de elaboración, procesado y polimerizado por microondas / Gnathological occlusal guard: technique of elaboration, processing and polymerization by microwaves

Los trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) constituyen un problema en la población en general cuyos signos y síntomas tienen un carácter multifactorial que debe ser abordado de manera interdisciplinaria para poder brindar una mejor oportunidad de éxito y estética en los tratamientos. Las guardas oclusales forman parte del tratamiento en los TTM, se deben conocer sus indicaciones, contraindicaciones, ventajas y desventajas, debido a que las guardas oclusales cumplen ciertas funciones y objetivos. La guarda oclusal elaborada por la técnica de polimerización en microondas (GOTMI) reduce signifi cativamente el tiempo de elaboración en el laboratorio, proporciona un aparato de alta calidad y baja porosidad. La GOTMI es un aparato que proporciona un método indirecto y no invasivo modifi cando la oclusión, recuperando el tejido u órganos dentales perdidos, reorganiza la actividad refl eja neuromuscular, relaja la musculatura, promueve el reposicionamiento del disco articular, protege los dientes, oclusión y estructuras de sostén periodontal, además de mejorar la estética y la autoestima del paciente. La GOTMI disminuye el dolor en la ATM y la neuromusculatura, proporciona alivio a las cefaleas tensionales, elimina las interferencias oclusales, es un distribuidor de fuerzas oclusales, además de provocar un mayor número de contactos de igual intensidad de fuerza contra la superfi cie oclusal en todos los dientes. Existen varios métodos para la confección de las guardas oclusales, en el presente trabajo se describe la elaboración de una guarda oclusal programada con los principios de oclusión orgánica. La técnica de polimerización por microondas es innovadora debido a que este proceso consiste en la generación de calor dentro de la resina mediante ondas electromagnéticas producidas por un generador llamado magnetrón. Las moléculas de metilmetacrilato son capaces de orientarse por el campo electromagnético a una frecuencia de 2,450 MHz, y cambian su dirección cinco billones de veces por segundo aproximadamente, lo que implica numerosas colisiones intermoleculares y causa una rápida polimerización (AU)

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a problem in the general population whose signs and symptoms have a multifactorial character that must be addressed by an interdisciplinary team to provide a better chance of success and aesthetic treatments. Occlusal guards are part of TMD treatment, you should know the indications, contraindications, advantages, and disadvantages, because the occlusal guards perform certain functions and objectives. The occlusal guard by Iztacala modifi cation provides an indirect and noninvasive method modifying occlusion, recovering the lost dental tissue or organs, reorganizes the neuromuscular refl ex activity, relaxes the muscles, promotes articular disc repositioning, protecting the teeth and supporting occlusion structures, it also improves aesthetics and self-esteem. The occlusal guard Iztacala modifi cation has the advantage of decreasing TMJ pain, provides relief to tension headaches, elimination of occlusal interferences, is a distributor of occlusal forces as well as causing a greater number of contacts equal intensity of force against the occlusal surface of all teeth. There are several methods for the fabrication of occlusal guards, in this paper the development of an occlusal guard programmed with the principles of organic occlusion is described, using as a basis a rigid acetate and acrylic for programming, in addition to providing your cosmetic use and function. The acquisition or denial of treatment with an occlusal splint depends on the choice, preparation, occlusal guard adjustment and patient cooperation (AU)

Propuesta de un nuevo diseño de órtesis post-tratamiento de pie equino varo congénito / Proposal for a new design of post-treatment congenital club foot orthosis

La investigación tuvo como objetivo rediseñar la órtesis utilizada post-tratamiento Ponseti, en niños con pie equino varo congénito, de forma tal que permita la reducción de rechazo a su uso. Método: Se identificaron las necesidades de los niños con pie equino varo congénito, para verificar los inconvenientes con respecto a la funcionalidad, diseño y adaptabilidad a la órtesis dado que si la férula no se usa adecuadamente el riesgo de recidiva es de 80 %, por el contrario con el uso de la férula el riesgo es de 4 %. Se realizó un estudio biomecánico del movimiento de un paciente durante el gateo, con y sin la órtesis. Resultados: Se elaboró un modelo 3D de la propuesta, para simular el diseño sometido a las fuerzas generadas por los bebés durante el pataleo en posición supina. Se evaluó experimentalmente el desempeño del prototipo alfa, para determinar si cumplía con la meta prevista. Se obtuvo la fabricación y pruebas de la órtesis en plataforma virtual y físico. Acorde al alcance del proyecto, se determinó que es probable que se reduzca el rechazo al uso y por consiguiente la formación de recidiva, al reducir los factores determinantes propios de la férula del mercado, que propiciaban el mal uso de esta en el tratamiento. La velocidad promedio de gateo es de 0.48 m/s y con la férula se reduce a 0.37 m/s. Discusión: La férula del mercado pesa 304.07 g y la propuesta pesa 209.26 g. Se sugiere que se continúe la investigación en el estudio biomecánico.

This research was developed with the objective of redesigning the orthosis used in the post- Ponseti treatment in children with clubfoot, with the intention of reducing the rejection to its use. Method: A research on the needs of children with congenital clubfoot was conducted to identify the disadvantages on functionality, design and adaptability of the orthosis if the splint is not used appropriately, the risk of relapse is 80 %, whereas using the splint, the risk is 4 %. A biomechanical study of a patient's movement during the crawl was performed with and without the orthosis. Results: A 3D model of the design was developed to simulate computationally its performance under the forces generated by the babies during the kick in supine position. Finally, an experimental evaluation of the alpha prototype performance was made to determine whether it met the intended goal. Thus, the manufacturing and testing of the orthosis on virtual and in physical platform took place. Taking in account the goal of this project, it 3 was determined that it is possible to reduce the reject to the use and therefore the formation of relapse by reducing the determinant factors of the common market splint, which promotes its incorrect use of this in the treatment. The average crawl speed is 0.48 m/s and with the splint, it decreases to 0.37 m/s. Discussion: The weight of the common market splint is 304.07 g and the weight of the one designed in the study is 209.26 g. Further biomechanical research is suggested to get conclusive results

Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Ferula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen:research advances / 国际药学研究杂志

Ferula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen is a kind of endangered national plant medicine in the northern of Xinjiang,China. It mainly contains sesquiterpene coumarins,sulfides,polysaccharides,aromatic compounds and other effective chemical constitu-tions;Chromatography is used to build the fingerprint and to control the medicine quality in most cases. Both raw plant medicine and specific compounds possess pharmacologic activities such as antibacterial,insecticidal,anti-allergic,and antitumor properties. The present paper summarizes the resource distribution,chemical constituents,fingerprints and pharmacological activities of F. sinkian-gensis,to provide reference for its systematic research,effective quality control and efficient development and utilization.

ISSR analysis on genetic diversity of Ferula syreitschikowii in Xinjiang province / 中草药

Objective: To study the genetic relationship and genetic diversity of Ferula syreitschikowii germplasm resources in Xinjiang province. Methods: A total of 96 F. syreitschikowii germplasm resources of Xinjiang province were used as experimental materials. Fifteen primers selected from 33 ISSR primers could obtain high polymorphism and reproducibility bands for ISSR molecular marker analysis. Results: Total by 292 DNA bands were amplified including 289 polymarphic bands, counting for 99.01%. Genetic similarity analysis showed F. syreitschikowii germplasm resources of Xinjiang province with high genetic diversity. Through the statistical software analysis, the average number of effective alleles was 1.725 6, the average Nei's genetic diversity index was 0.4048, the average Shannon's information index was 0.587 9, and the genetic similarity coefficients among tested clones ranged from 0.500 0 to 0.828 7. These 96 germplasm resources were divided into two groups and 13 subgroups by UPGMA analysis, which could distinguish the germplasm resources from different sources. Conclusion: From the molecular level, it reveals the relationship between the geographical distribution of F. syreitschikowii and the germplasm resources and higher genetic diversity of germplasm resources, which provids basis for identification of F. syreitschikowii varieties.

Possible Mechanisms for Functional Antagonistic Effect of Ferula assafoetida on Muscarinic Receptors in Tracheal Smooth Muscle

Background: The contribution of histamine (H1) receptors inhibitory and/or β-adrenoceptors stimulatory mechanisms in the relaxant property of Ferula assa-foetida. (F. asafoetida) was examined in the present study. Methods: We evaluated the effect of three concentrations of F. asafoetida extract (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/mL), a muscarinic receptors antagonist, and saline on methacholine concentration-response curve in tracheal smooth muscles incubated with β-adrenergic and histamine (H1) (group 1), and only β-adrenergic (group 2) receptors antagonists. Results: EC50 values in the presence of atropine, extract (5 and 10 mg/mL) and maximum responses to methacholine due to the 10 mg/mL extract in both groups and 5 mg/mL extract in group 1 were higher than saline (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0477, and P = 0.0008 in group 1 and P < 0.0001, P = 0.0438, and P = 0.0107 in group 2 for atropine, 5 and 10 mg/mL extract, respectively). Values of concentration ratio minus one (CR-1), in the presence of extracts were lower than atropine in both groups (P = 0.0339 for high extract concentration in group 1 and P < 0.0001 for other extract concentrations in both groups). Conclusion: Histamine (H1) receptor blockade affects muscarinic receptors inhibitory property of F. asafoetida in tracheal smooth muscle

Study on Quality Control of Ethyl-acetate Parts ofFerula Sinkiangensis / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To establish the method for quality control of ethyl-acetate parts of Ferula sinkiangesis. Methods HPLC was used to detect the contents of ferulic acid, farnesiferol A and farnesiferol C. Waters XTerra RPC18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used; acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid was as mobile phase with gradient elution; flow rate was 1.0 mL/min; detective wavelength was 324 nm; temperature was 30℃; sample volume was 10 μL ResultsFerulic acid, farnesiferol A, and farnesiferol C showed a good linear relationship range from 0.05– 1.0 mg/mL, 0.132–2.64 mg/mL, and 0.118–2.36 mg/mL, respectively. The average recovery rates were 99.34%, 98.96% and 99.24% respectively. The contents of ferulic acid, farnesiferol A and farnesiferol C were 33.4, 76.5, 72.3 mg/g respectively.Conclusion The method was simple, accurate and repeatable, with good repeatability and stability, which can be used for the quality control of ethyl-acetate parts ofFerula sinkiangesis.

Study on Anti-oxidant Activity Parts of Ferula sinkiangensis K. M. Shen / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To establish a high-throughput detection of medicine on DPPH free radical scavenging activity;To analyze and preliminarily screen the anti-oxidant activity part of Ferula sinkiangensis. Methods Taking DPPH free radical scavenging rate of ascorbic acid as positive control, and IC50 as the evaluating criterion of DPPH free radical scavenging capability, oxidation resistance of different polar parts (petroleum ether part, ethyl acetate part, methyl alcohol part, and water part) of Ferula sinkiangensis was evaluated and screened. Results Different polarity parts of Ferula sinkiangensis DPPH radical scavenging of IC50 were:petroleum ether part 3252.22 μg/mL, ethyl acetate part 36.22 μg/mL, methyl alcohol part 32.22 μg/mL, water part 2643.38 μg/mL, and positive control group ascorbic acid 27.16 μg/mL. Conclusion The ethyl acetate and methyl alcohol parts of Ferula sinkiangensis were effective anti-oxidant activity site to eliminate DPPH free radicals. In this study, a simple, sensitive, and high-throughput detection method of DPPH radical scavenging assay was established to provide reference for the anti-oxidation medicine detection screening.

Chemical constituents from seeds of Ferula sinkiangensis / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constitutions from the seeds of Ferula sinkiangensis. Methods: Using different chromatographic methods to isolate and purify the compounds and to identify their structures by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic technology. Results: Thirty-two compounds were isolated and elucidated as butanedioic acid (1), variecolorquinonesa (2), β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol-3-O-glucoside (4), 1-(3-ethylphenyl)-1,2-ethanediol (5), pinoresinol (6), (7,8-cis-8,8'-trans)- 2',4'-dihydroxyl-3,5-dimethoxy-lariciresinol (7), secoisolariciresinol (8), n-hexacosanol (9), isoquercitrin (10), quercetin (11), ferulic acid (12), stigmasterol (13), luteolin-7-O-β-D-gluronide (14), (R)-2'-hydroxy-N-[(2S,3S,4R)-1,3,4-trihydroxyhexacosan-2-yl] nonadanamide (15), macrathoinf (16), 1,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic (17), arctiin (18), parvifoliolsg (19), 5-hydroxymethyl fufural (20), daucosterol (21), vanillic acid (22), sucrose (23), rutin (24), neoarctina (25), methyl chlorogenate (26), 5-O-caffeoylquinic (27), uridine (28), inosine (29), 7-hydroxy coumarin (30), chlorogenic acid (31), and caffeic acid (32). Conclusion: Compounds 2, 5-11, 14-20, 22, 24-29, 31, and 32 are isolated from the plants of Ferula L. for the first time.