Síndrome de Fanconi-Bickel. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Fanconi-Bickel syndrome. Clinical case report and literature review

Se reporta un caso de Síndrome de Fanconi- Bickel, un tipo raro de enfermedad del metabolismo de los carbohidratos. La presentación clínica se da en los primeros meses de vida con retardo del crecimiento, hepatomegalia, hipoglicemia en ayuno, raquitismo y disfunción tubular renal proximal. La orientación diagnóstica se establece sobre la base de manifestaciones clínicas, hallazgos radiológicos de raquitismo y a partir de resultados característicos de las investigaciones de laboratorio que muestran disfunción tubular proximal, caracterizada por glucosuria con hipoglicemia en ayunas, acidosis metabólica, hipofosfatemia, fosfaturia, aminoaciduria. Fue descrito en 1949 por Fanconi y Bickel y es ocasionado por mutaciones en el transportador facilitado de glucosa GLUT 2.

We present a case of Fanconi- Bickel Syndrome, a rare type of carbohydrate metabolism disorder. Clinical presentation begins during the first months of life with failure to thrive, hepatomegaly, fasting hypoglycemia, rickets and renal proximal tubular dysfunction. Diagnosis is established on the basis of clinical manifestations, radiological findings of rickets, and laboratory investigations showing proximal tubular dysfunction, characterized by glucosuria with fasting hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, hypophosphatemia, phosphaturia and aminoaciduria. It was described in 1949 by Fanconi and Bick.

Late Diagnosis of Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome: Challenges With the Diagnosis and Literature Review

Abstract Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS), also known as glycogen storage disease type XI (GSD XI), is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of carbohydrate metabolism. It is caused by mutations in the gene SLC2A2, which encodes for the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT2. Diagnosis of FBS is often delayed since the clinical features and laboratory markers often overlap with other disorders whose characteristic features include short stature, fasting hypoglycemia, postprandial hyperglycemia, hepatomegaly, hypophosphatemic rickets, and proximal renal tubular dysfunction. In this article, we present a case of FBS and its management in an African American female who initially presented with persistent proximal tubulopathy, hypercalciuria, and metabolic acidosis. We also include a recent literature review on FBS and discuss other metabolic disorders that should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Fanconi-Bickel syndrome versus osteogenesis imperfeeta: An Iranian case with a novel mutation in glucose transporter 2 gene, and review of literature.

Fanconi-Bickel syndrome is an extremely rare hereditary metabolic disease, characterized by hepatomegaly due to glycogen storage, refractory hypophosphatemic rickets, marked growth retardation and proximal renal tubular acidosis. Recurrent bone fractures are one of the hallmark findings. It is a single gene disorder; the responsible gene belongs to the facilitative glucose transporters 2 (GLUT2) family gene or (SLC2A2) mapped to the q26.1-26.3 locus on chromosome 3, and encodes the GLUT protein 2. This protein is expressed in pancreatic ί-cells, hepatocytes, renal tubules, and intestinal mucosa. Several mutations in the GLUT2 gene have been reported in different ethnicities. Herein we report an Iranian girl with a missed diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta. She was referred with the history of frequent fractures, and severe motor delay and was suspected to osteogenesis imperfecta. Following the case we detected refractory rickets instead of OI, sever growth failure, proximal renal tubulopathy and RTA, and enlarged kidneys, progressive hepatomegaly, and GSD on liver biopsy. Glucose and galactose tolerance tests confirmed abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. Molecular analysis on GLUT2 gene revealed a homozygous novel mutation in exon 5; it was 15 nucleotide deletion and 7 nucleotide insertion and caused a frame shift mutation, produced a premature truncated protein (P.A229QFsX19). This mutation has not been reported before in the relevant literature.

A Case of Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome with Mild Clinical Signs / 대한내과학회지

Fanconi-Bickel syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by a mutation in the facilitative glucose transporter 2 gene (GLUT2 or SLC2A2 gene) that codes for the glucose transporter protein 2 expressed in hepatocytes, pancreatic beta-cells, enterocytes, and renal tubular cells. Mutation of this gene leads to defective carbohydrate metabolism, hepatomegaly, glucose intolerance, proximal renal tubular dysfunction, and hypophosphatemic rickets. We report a case of Fanconi-Bickel syndrome in an 18-year-old man who presented due to renal glycosuria; a mutation was identified in the GLUT2 gene (c.482C > A + c.1556G > A). To the best of our knowledge, unlike previous reports of Fanconi-Bickel syndrome, this case was relatively unusual in that it caused only mild clinical signs.

Síndrome de Fanconi-Bickel: reporte de un caso / Fanconi-Bickel syndrome: A case report

Introducción. El síndrome de Fanconi-Bickel (SFB) se caracteriza por hepatomegalia, con acumulación de glucógeno en hígado y riñones, glucosuria, aminoaciduria y fosfaturia; fue descrito en 1949 y catalogado como glucogenosis XI. Es una enfermedad autosómica recesiva, y se han detectado 34 mutaciones en el gen del GLUT2. Caso clínico. Niño de 4 años 3 meses de edad, hospitalizado por retardo psicomotor y falla de medro desde los 6 meses de edad, con rosario raquítico, hepatomegalia, elevación de aminotransferasas y fosfatasa alcalina en sangre, hipercolesterolemia e hipertrigiliceridemia, glucosuria, aminoaciduria y fosfaturia. Las radiografías de huesos largos mostraron ensanchamiento metafisiario y pobre mineralización ósea. La biopsia hepática mostró arquitectura conservada, congestión sinusoidal, y reacción de PAS positiva intensa, que desaparece con la diastasa; la microscopia electrónica demostró abundante glucógeno de distribución normal. Conclusión. Este es el cuarto caso reportado en México de SFB. Los signos clínicos típicos se detectaron en el segundo año de vida. La glucogenosis se considera ahora un epifenómeno en el SFB por defecto del transportador GLUT2 de glucosa y galactosa. El paciente de este informe respondió adecuadamente al manejo nutricional. La acumulación excesiva de glucógeno en el hígado no es un elemento sine qua non para el diagnóstico.

Introduction. Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS) is characterized by hepatomegaly due to glycogen hepatic storage, renal glycogen accumulation, glycosuria, aminoaciduria and phosphaturia. It was first described in 1949 and classified as a glycogen storage disease XI. This is an autosomic recessive disorder for which 34 mutations in the gene coding for glucose and galactose transporter (GLUT2) have been reported. Case report. A 4-year and 3-month old child was admitted in the hospital with development delay, failure to thrive since 6 months of age, rachitic rosary, hepatomegaly, hypertransaminasemia, high serum alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and triglycerides, glycosuria, aminoaciduria and phosphaturia. Metaphyseal enlargement and signs of osteopenia were seen on radiographic studies. Liver biopsy showed normal parenchyma architecture with sinusoidal congestion, diastase-sensitive intense PAS-positive reaction. Electronic microscopy showed large glycogen deposits with normal distribution. Conclusion. This is the 4th case detected in Mexico, with typical signs of FBS detected during the second year of life. The patient responded well to diet therapy. Glycogen storage in FBS is currently considered an epiphenomenon due to dysfunction in the glucose and galactose membrane transporter GLUT2. Massive hepatic glycogen storage is not a sine qua non element for the diagnosis of FBS.

Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome Presented with Diabetes Mellitus and Galactosemia : Identification of a Novel Mutation in the GLUT2 Gene

Fanconi-Bickel syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the carbohydrate metabolism recently demonstrated to be caused by mutations in GLUT2, the gene for the glucose transporter protein 2 expressed in the liver, pancreatic beta islet-cells, intestine and kidney. Typical clinical and laboratory findings of Fanconi-Bickel syndrome are hepatomegaly secondary to glycogen accumulation, glucose and galactose intolerance, fasting hypoglycemia, a characteristic proximal tubular nephropathy and severe short stature. Several cases have been reported in other countries after Fanconi and Bickel in Switzerland first reported this syndrome in 1949. We experienced the first Korean case of Fanconi-Bickel syndrome in a neonate presented with hyperglycemia and hypergalactosemia that was initially diagnosed as transient neonatal diabetes mellitus and galactosemia. We also identified a novel mutation(K5X) in the GLUT2 gene.