Fatty Acid Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Four Varieties of Citrullus lanatus Seed Oils Cultivated in Côte d’Ivoire.

In this study, the physicochemical properties and fatty acids composition of four varieties of Citrullus lanatus seed oils cultivated in Côte d’Ivoire were investigated. There was one variety (Bebu cultivar) with oval flat seeds and thick edges (COS), and three varieties (wlêwlê cultivars) with flat seeds disentangled and sharp extremity of various size (big seed (CBS), average seed (CAS) and small seed (CSS)). The pH at 30ºC was ranged from 5.85±0.003-6.03±0.001. The results for density (g/ml), refractive index, unsaponifiable matter (% of oil) and impurity (%) were 0.876±0.005-0.924±0.001; 1.4595±0.004-1.4739±0.001; 0.89±0.450-2.07±0.160; 0.05±0.002- 0.1±0.001; respectively. The free fatty acid (%), acid value (mgKOH/g oil), peroxide index (meq O2/kg oil), saponification value (mgKOH/g oil), iodine value (mg of g I2/100 g oil), Total polyphénolics content (mg gallic acid/kg oil) values of the oils were obtained in the range; 0.80±0.050-2.03±0.010; 6.03±0.350-7.93±0.100; 10.93±0.470-13.80±0.100; 228.43±0.040- 244.76±0.010; 84.07±11.250-93.38±1.090; 0.125±0.050-0.291±0.010; respectively. The most abundant fatty acid detected in the four oils was oleic acid ranged from 46.56-59.97. This acid constituted with the aldaic acid, the monounsaturated fatty acids in these oils and accounted for 64.82-73.07. This study showed the presence of others main saturated fatty acids as stearic acid and palmitic acid. The properties of these oils were quite comparable to those of previously reported cucurbitaceaes seeds oils, suggesting their potential use as good table and cooking oils. With a high yield of oil and physicochemical characteristics similar to those of the other commercial edible oils, the Citrullus lanatus seed oil can be considered as a new and valuable source of edible oil. This study also showed potential for Citrullus lanatus seeds oils to ave relatively high oxidative stability that would be suitable for food and industrial applications.

Low Plasma Proportion of Omega 3-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Predicts Poor Outcome in Acute Non-Cardiogenic Ischemic Stroke Patients / 대한뇌졸중학회지

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Alterations in blood fatty acid (FA) composition are associated with cardiovascular diseases. We investigated whether plasma FA composition was related to stroke severity and functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 156 patients with first-episode cerebral infarction, within 7 days of symptom onset. The proportion of FAs was analyzed using gas chromatography, and the summation of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega3-PUFA), 18:3 omega3 alpha-linolenic acid, 20:3 omega3 eicosatrienoic acid, 20:5 omega3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and 22:6 omega3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was reported as Sigmaomega3-PUFAs. Stroke severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission. Poor functional outcome was defined by modified Rankin scale (mRS) > or =3 at three months after the index stroke. RESULTS: Lower proportions of EPA (beta=-0.751), DHA (beta=-0.610), and Sigmaomega3-PUFAs (beta=-0.462) were independently associated with higher NIHSS score, after adjusting for stroke subtype, hemoglobin, high density lipoprotein, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, fasting glucose, 16:0 palmitic acid, and Sigmasaturated fatty acids. Moreover, a lower proportion of DHA (odds ratio [OR]: 0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04-0.88), and Sigmaomega3-PUFAs (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.05-0.84) showed an independent relationship with poor functional outcome after adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, NIHSS score, stroke subtype, and 16:0 palmitic acid. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that omega3-PUFAs correlated with stroke severity on admission and functional outcomes at 3 months. omega3-PUFAs are potential blood biomarkers for prognosis of acute non-cardiogenic ischemic stroke patients.

Dipteryx lacunifera seed oil: characterization and thermal stability / Óleo de sementes de fava de morcego: caracterização e estabilidade térmica

The Dipteryx lacunifera Ducke is an oleaginous legume with high oil and protein content that can be used in human nutrition. The specie is a native of the Piauí and Maranhão state in the north east of Brazil. The measure physico-chemical properties of the oil are specific density, refractive index, acid, peroxide, iodine and saponification values of 0.91, 1.4651, 0.60 ( percent oleic acid), 2.81, 70.80 and about 179, respectively. Gas chromatographic analysis of the oil showed the presence of 20.6 percent saturated, 65.1 percent monounsaturated and 14.3 percent polyunsaturated fatty acids. The saturated fatty acids C6:0, C8:0, C12:0 and C17:0 were present in trace (<0.01 percent) amounts while the C16:0, C18:0, C20:0, C22:0 and C24:0 were at concentrations of 10.3, 5.4, 3.4, 0.9 and 0.6 percent of the total fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids C18:1, C18:2, C18:3 and C22:2 contents were 65.1, 14.1, 0.3 percent and trace (0.01 percent), respectively. Thermal analysis (TG/DTG) revealed that the thermal decomposition of the oil occurs in two steps corresponding to the unsaturated and saturated fatty acids. The oil, when heated to a temperature of 180º C for 400 min showed smaller loss in mass than commercial soy, sunflower and corn oils. The curve DSC indicated an endothermic event with enthalpy variation (DH) of -56.7 Cal.g-1 in the temperature interval of 340 ºC (Ti) the 463º C (Tf), with maximum in 411.1º C (Tm).

A Dipteryx lacunifera Ducke (fava de morcego) é uma leguminosa oleaginosa com elevado conteúdo em proteínas e óleo podendo ser usada na nutrição humana. A espécie é nativa dos estados do Piauí e Maranhão do nordeste do Brasil. Mensurações das propriedades físico-químicas do óleo densidade especifica, índice de refração, acidez, peróxidos, iodo e saponificação foram 0.91, 1.4651, 0.60 ( por cento ácido oléico), 2.81, 70.80 e 179, respectivamente. A análise do óleo por cromatografia gasosa mostrou a presença de 20.6 por cento de ácidos graxos saturados, 65.1 por cento de monoinsaturados e 14.3 por cento poliinsaturados. Os ácidos graxos C6:0, C8:0, C12:0 e C17:0 estão presentes em quantidades de traços (<0.01 por cento) enquanto os C16:0, C18:0, C20:0, C22:0 e C24:0 estão em concentrações de 10.3, 5.4, 3.4, 0.9 e 0.6 por cento, respectivamente, dos ácidos graxos totais. O conteúdo dos ácidos graxos insaturados C18:1, C18:2, C18:3 e C22:2 foram 65.1, 14.1, 0.3 por cento e traço (0.01 por cento), respectivamente. A análise térmica (TG/DTG) revelou que a decomposição térmica do óleo ocorre em dois estágios correspondentes aos ácidos graxos insaturados e saturados. O óleo quando aquecido na temperatura de 180º C por 400 min mostrou menor perda massa que o óleo comercial de soja, girassol e milho. A curva DSC indicou um evento endotérmico com variação de entalpia (DH) de -56.7 Cal.g-¹ no intervalo de temperatura 340º C (Ti) a 463º C (Tf), com máximo em 411.1º C (Tm).

Study of Dietary Fatty acids, Blood Fatty Acid Composition, and Immune Parameters in Atopic Dermatitis Patients

The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) continues to rise in industrialized countries related to Western lifestyle, including dietary habits, especially imbalance of intake of dietary fatty acids. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dietary fatty acids and the assess the blood fatty acid composition and immune parameters in AD patients. AD (n = 50) patients and gender.age matched healthy controls (HC) were studied in case-control clinical trail. Current fatty acids intake status was determined by 3-day food record method. Blood sample were collected from 30 subjects in each group and blood fatty acid composition and immune parameters were analysed. AD patients consumed less PUFA and their n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was higher than that of HC. Both the ratios of PUFA and MUFA were positively correlated with SCORAD in AD patients (p < 0.05). In the AD patients, there were abnormalities in the fatty acid composition of the RBC and WBC, SFA being significantly high and most n-3 PUFA being significantly low. Moreover, both the ratios of EPA and DHA in WBC were negatively correlated with dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in AD patients (p < 0.05). Serum total IgE and IL-4 levels of AD patients increased significantly compared with the levels of HC (p < 0.01). Ratios of monocyte and eosinophil in WBC of AD patients increased signi-ficantly compared with the levels of HC including total WBC count (p < 0.01), and ratios of lymphocyte and basophil in WBC of AD patients decreased significantly compared with the levels of HC (p < 0.05). Moreover, the ratios of eosinophil in WBC were positively correlated with dietary P/M ratio (p < 0.05), and the ratios of monocyte in WBC were positively correlated with n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (p < 0.05) in AD patients. This results indicated that AD patients had significantly high intake of dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA compared with HC. Imbalance of intake of dietary fatty acids affected fatty acid compositions in the RBC and WBC, and these lead to immune imbalance and grow worse of AD.

Fatty Acids Composition in Breast Milk and Its Relationship with Infant Body Weight Gain / 대한소아내분비학회지

PURPOSE:Recent studies proposed that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the omega6 series (linoleic acid, LA) compared to the omega 3 series (linolenic acid, LNA) may be a potent promoters of adipogenesis during the gestation/lactation period. Increased ratio of LA/LNA may stimulate adipose tissue development during gestation/lactation period and may subsequently lead to chilhood obesity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate fatty acids composition of the breast milk in Korean lactating women and to analyze the relationship between LA/LNA and the body weight gain of the infants. METHODS:Fifty eight healthy postpartum lactating women and their healthy 58 breast feeding infants were studied. At 11.3+/-3.9 days of postpartum, breast milk were taken and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography with one-step methylation method. RESULTS:The total fat contents in breast milk were 3.2+/-1.3%. The total fat contents in breast milk were not related to maternal BMI or Kaup index of infants. The percentage of PUFA was 24.9+/-6.0%. Among these PUFA, the percentage of LA and LNA was 20.3+/-5.8% and 2.2+/-0.8%, respectively. LA/ LNA ratio was 10.2+/-2.5. There were no significant correlations between LA/LNA ratio and infant weight gain during the first 2 months of life. CONCLUSION: Short term weight gain of infant was not related to the LA/LNA ratio in the breast milk. Further studies on the long term effects on fat percent and body weight of infants would be needed.

CHANGES OF FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION OF EEL OIL AFTER REFINING PROCESSES / 营养学报

Objective: To determine the changes of fatty acids composition of eel oil after refining processes. Methods: The composition of fatty acids was determined by GC-MS. Results: The purity of eel oil was increased and the content of high-unsaturated fatty acids was not influenced after deodorization by water vapor distillation at 180 ℃ and 0.01 MPa. Its nutritive value was increased, while its purity and content of unsaturated fatty acids were further increased after winterization at 10 ℃. Its quality, especially unsaturated fatty acids, distinctly decreased after water vapor distillation at 227 ℃ and 0.01 MPa.Conclusion: The nutritive value of eel oil is increased after refining processes of water vapor distillation at 180 ℃ and 0.01 MPa, and winterization at 10 ℃.