The Prevalence, Severity and Pattern of First Permanent Molars’ Dental Caries in Children Attending A Postgraduate Dental Hospital: A Retrospective Study

@#Introduction: First permanent molars (FPMs) erupt early and their anatomy and location leave them susceptible to dental caries. This study aimed to retrospectively determine the prevalence, severity and pattern of dental caries of FPMs and investigate their relationship if any with demographics and medical health status of the partcipants. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. A sample of the digital case notes and radiographs of children aged 5 to 12 years who attended the only postgraduate dental hospital in Dubai were accessed. The recorded data included the children’s demographic variables and the carious status of each FPM as recorded in the notes on the initial assessment. Descriptive and statistical analyses were conducted (P<0.05). Results: A total of 2984 FPMs were obtained from the digital records of 774 children. Their mean age was 8.07 (±2.23) years and only those that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The prevalence of dental caries and mean Decayed Missing Filled Surfaces of FPMs, were 42% and 0.3 (±0.04), respectively. The most prevalent decayed surface was the occlusal (29.2%), followed by mesial, buccal, palatal/ lingual, distal surfaces (24.2 %; 6.6 %; 3.1 %; 2.3 %) respectively. Children with medical problems and/or special needs had a significantly higher level of caries in the buccal surfaces (12.3%) (P=0.042). Conclusion: Caries of FPMs in a sample of Dubai children studied was prevalent, especially in those with special healthcare needs, thus indicating a necessity for targeted prevention and treatment focused on these keystone teeth.

Cone beam computed tomography study on the root and root canal morphology of mandibular first permanent molars in a Tibetan population / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To investigate and analyze the root and root canal morphology of mandibular first molars (MFMs) in the Tibetan population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to provide references for clinical root canal treatment in the Tibetan population. @*Methods@#This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. CBCT imaging data of 300 mandibular first molars from 300 Tibetan patients were included. Patient age, the number of roots in mandibular first molars were recorded. The morphology and incidence of mesial root and mesial root canals and the morphology and incidence of distal root and distal root canals were statistically analyzed by Vertucci classification. @*Results @#There were 198 double-root teeth and 102 three-root teeth in the 300 mandibular first permanent molars. Among the three-rooted molars, 1 case had mesiolingual roots, and the rest had distolingual roots. The incidence rate of the distolingual root was 33.7%(101/300). The most common root canal configuration was Vertucci Ⅳ 65.7% (197/300), followed by Vertucci Ⅱ 20.3% (61/300) in the mesial roots. The overall incidence of middle mesial canals (MMCs) was 6% (18/300), with the highest incidence of MMCs in the 20-40 year-old group at 9% (9/100). The distal roots canals of single-distal-rooted mandibular first molars were mainly Vertucci Ⅰ 66.8% (133/199), followed by Vertucci Ⅱ 14.6% (29/199) and Vertucci Ⅳ 11.6% (23/199). For the mandibular first permanent molars with two distal roots, 96% (97/101) of the distal buccal roots and 100% (101/101) of the distal lingual roots were Vertucci Ⅰ root canals. @*Conclusion@# The root and root canal morphology of mandibular first permanent molars in a Tibetan population is complex and variable. Approximately one-third of patients have distolingual roots, and clinicians should carefully explore the root canals under the guidance of CBCT.

Caries status and related factors among 12-year-old children in Yangpu District， Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and risk factors of dental caries and its related influencing factors in 12-year-old children in Yangpu District， Shanghai， and to provide relevant data support for the formulation of oral health policies and measures for children. MethodsIn 2021， 839 12-year-old children were randomly selected from five ordinary junior high schools in Yangpu District. The investigation included an oral health examination and a questionnaire survey on factors related to dental caries. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of dental caries. ResultsAmong the 839 participants， data from 830 were included. Among them， 426 were male （51.3%） and 404 were female （48.7%）. Of the 830 children， 203 had dental caries， resulting in a caries prevalence of 24.46%， a caries supplemental filling ratio of 32.6%， and a DMFT of 0.63. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a mother’s education level of college or above （OR=0.849，95% CI： 0.732‒0.984）， brushing teeth twice a day （OR=0.827，95%CI： 0.703‒0.973）， and the caregiver brushing teeth twice a day （OR=0.843， 95%CI： 0.726‒0.983） were effective factors in reducing the caries rate. Factors associated with childhood dental caries included consuming sweets ≥1 time per day （OR=1.397，95%CI： 1.197‒1.342） and female gender （OR=1.482，95%CI： 1.347‒1.671）. ConclusionThe prevalence of dental caries among 12-year-old children in Yangpu District is 24.46%. Gender， maternal education， the frequency of children's toothbrushing， the frequency of sweet consumption， and the caregiver’s toothbrushing frequency are the main factors affecting the prevalence of dental caries in children.

Afectación del primer molar permanente y efecto de una estrategia educativa en una institución educativa de la ciudad de Medellín: 2016-2019 / Affectation of the first permanent molar and effect of an educational strategy in an educational institution in the city of Medellin: 2016-2019

RESUMEN Introducción: el desconocimiento sobre la importancia del primer molar permanente en la salud bucal continúa siendo un problema en gran parte de la población. El objetivo fue evaluar la efectividad de una estrategia educativa para la conservación del primer molar permanente (PMP), en escolares de una Institución Educativa en Medellín. Métodos: estudio de seguimiento a una intervención educativa entre los años 2016 y 2019 en una muestra de 35 escolares entre 12 y 13 años, a quienes se les realizó tamizaje bucal para observar el COP-D modificado y el índice de placa según Silness & Loe. Se realizaron encuesta a 35 padres de familia sobre saberes y prácticas en salud bucal y el primer molar permanente, y actividades educativas con énfasis en el cuidado del primer molar a los escolares. Los datos fueron analizados a través de estadística descriptiva y bivariada mediante las pruebas de Mac Nemar, Wilcoxon y Chi cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: después de la estrategia aumentó la proporción de padres y cuidadores que identificaron el primer molar permanente y su importancia (38,7% vs 67,6%), la frecuencia de caries no cavitacional en PMP disminuyó (45,7% vs 26,5%), se observó un aumento en el reporte de uso de la seda dental (40% vs 67,6%) y de la consulta odontológica de los escolares (74,3% vs 97,1%), además de una mejoría significativa en la calidad del cepillado (Me % placa = 85% vs 30%). Conclusión: se demostró la efectividad de la intervención educativa respecto a los conocimientos sobre el PMP y prácticas de la higiene bucal, como factores protectores para su permanencia en boca.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the lack of knowledge about the importance of the first permanent molar in oral health continues to be a problem in a large part of the population. The objectivewas to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational strategy for the preservation of the permanent first molar (PMP) in school children of an educational institution in Medellin. Methods: follow-up study of an educational intervention between 2016 and 2019 in a sample of 35 schoolchildren between 12 and 13 years of age, who were screened for modified CPO-D and plaque index according to Silness & Loe. Thirty-five parents were surveyed about knowledge and practices in oral health and the permanent first molar, and educational activities with emphasis on the care of the first molar were carried out for schoolchildren. The data were analyzed through descriptive and bivariate statistics using Mac Nemar, Wilcoxon and Pearson's Chi-square tests. Results: after the strategy, the proportion of parents and caregivers who identified the first permanent molar and its importance increased (38.7% vs 67.6%), the frequency of non-cavitational caries in PMP decreased (45.7% vs 26.5%), an increase was observed in the reported use of dental floss (40% vs 67.6%) and dental consultation of school children (74.3% vs 97.1%), as well as a significant improvement in the quality of brushing (Me % placa = 85% vs 30%). Conclusion: the effectiveness of the educational intervention was demonstrated with regard to knowledge about PMP and oral hygiene practices, as protective factors for its permanence in the mouth.

Review and suggestion on the evaluation of the effect and the benefit of a pit and fissure sealant project / 口腔疾病防治

@#As a professional method to prevent decayed teeth and an oral public health project, pit and fissure sealant is widely used domestically. How to evaluate the effect and benefit of the community pit and fissure closure project, especially the community full coverage pit and fissure closure project, requires investigation. The Guangzhou Children′s Pit and Fissure Sealing Project was carried out in an orderly manner and was administered normatively. A retrospective cohort study with use of a sample survey was used in this program. According to cavity occurrence and reservations of sealant in the first permanent molar, the samples were divided into the following two groups: the sealing group with indication and the sealing group without indication. Reservations of sealant, cavity incidence, reduced incidence, net profit, cost-effectiveness and cost-benefits of the program were evaluated. Some promotable experiences were summarized during this project. Various relevant theories and reports of the pit and fissure sealant project evaluation were reviewed and previous studies were discussed in this article. By analyzing the methods and results of the pit and fissure sealant project in Guangzhou, suggestions are made for project evaluation, especially sample grouping and evaluation indicators, which was refer to a further study for the pit and fissure sealing project.

Prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among 10-12-year-old students in Chongqing / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the caries status of the first permanent molars in urban and rural children aged 10-
12 in Chongqing and analyze the related factors in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of children's caries and targeted suggestions for oral health education.@*METHODS@#A multi-stage, stratified, cluster, and random sampling method was used to extract 5 057 children from 18 schools in three districts and three counties in Chongqing for oral health examination and questionnaire survey from March to May 2018.@*RESULTS@#The total caries rate of the first permanent molar was 39.2%. The decayed-missing-filled tooth was 0.84±1.20. The rate of filling teeth was 3.4%. The rate of pit and fissure sealing was 6.1%. The prevalence of the first permanent molars was significantly different between men and women, between urban and rural areas, between only children and non-only children, and between ethnic minorities and Han nationality (P<0.001). The gap between the pit and fissure sealing was significantly different between urban and rural areas (P<
0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that many independent factors influence the occurrence of caries, including the frequency of brushing teeth every day, the frequency of eating desserts, the habit of eating dessert/drinking milk before going to bed, whether only-children or not, and parents' education background, among others.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The first permanent molars of children aged 10-12 in Chongqing have a high rate of caries but low rates of pit and fissure sealing and dental caries filling. The difference between urban and rural areas is large, children's oral health knowledge is scarce, and children have bad oral hygiene behaviors and eating habits. Children's oral health education must be strengthened, oral health preaching must be implemented in schools, the oral health knowledge of children in school must be improved, and urban-rural differences must be minimized.

Clinical observations of all-ceramic restorations of children’s first permanent molars with severe defects / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To explore the therapeutic efficacy of chairside CEREC all-ceramic restorations in children with first permanent molars with severe defects and to summarize the clinical methods and procedures.@*Methods@# Forty teeth of 7-15 years old thirty-four children with first permanent molars with severe defects were selected. After careful tooth preparation, a total of 40 all-ceramic restorations (8 inlays, 32 onlays) were designed and manufactured using the CEREC 3D system, and all prostheses were bonded with composite resin cement. Immediately after treatment and after 24 months, the subjective satisfaction of the patients was assessed. The clinical efficacy was analyzed using modified USPHS criteria at 12 months and 24 months. Evaluations included secondary caries, marginal adaptation, surface texture, color matching, fracture, anatomical form, adjacency relationship and gingival health.@*Results @# For the 40 all-ceramic restorations of the first permanent molars, after 24 months, 100% of the teeth were grade A for secondary caries, surface texture and fracture of the prosthesis, and 85% of the teeth were up to grade A for the other indexes at 12 and 24 months. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between 12 months and 24 months. Immediately after treatment and after 24 months, the subjective satisfaction of the patients was greater than 94%. @*Conclusion @#Application of the CEREC 3D system had a clear curative effect and resulted in high satisfaction in the repair of permanent molars with severe defects in children.

Caries en los primeros molares permanentes de estudiantes de la enseñanza secundaria / Dental decays in the first permanent molars of secondary teaching students

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de los 694 estudiantes de la Escuela Secundaria Básica Camilo Cienfuegos Gorriará de Santiago de Cuba, durante el trimestre de enero a marzo del 2015, con vistas a determinar la afectación por caries en el primer molar permanente. Para el análisis de la información se empleó el porcentaje y entre los principales resultados se obtuvo que la mayoría de los examinados (74,0 por ciento) presentara caries en al menos uno de dichos molares, con una mayor frecuencia del sexo femenino y la edad de 13 años (45,6 y 77,6 por ciento, respectivamente), mientras que los molares inferiores fueron los más dañados (26,5 por ciento) y las fosas y fisuras, las superficies dentales más afectadas (5,1 por ciento). Finalmente, se recomendó intensificar los programas de atención estomatológica a escolares de 12 a 15 años de edad

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 694 students from Camilo Cienfuegos Gorriarán secondary school in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January to March, 2015 with the purpose of determining the disorder due to dental decays in the first permanent molar. The percentage was used to analyze the information and among the main results it was found that most of those examinated (74 percent) presented dental decay in at least one of the molars, with a higher frequency in the female sex and 13 years students (45.6 and 77.6 percent respectively), while the most damaged were the lower molars (26.5 percent); fossas and fissures were the most affected dental surfacies (5.1 percent). Finally, it was recommended to intensify the stomalogical care programs to school children from 12 to 15 years

Influencia de los determinantes sociales en la salud del primer molar permanente / Influence of the social determinants in the first permanent molar health

Introducción: el proceso salud enfermedad depende de múltiples y complejas condiciones y no se rige solamente por las leyes conocidas de las ciencias naturales, sino que abarca también influencias psicológicas, socioeconómicas y ambientales. Estas son consideradas determinantes sociales de salud. Los factores causales que clínicamente producen la caries están bien identificados, pero no los determinantes socialesos a su prevalencia y menos asociados al primer molar permanente, considerado por diferentes autores como llave de la oclusión. Objetivo: determinar la salud del primer molar permanente, relacionado con algunos determinantes sociales de la salud en escolares de 11 a 16 años de edad. Materiales y métodos: para ello se decidió realizar una investigación observacional descriptiva prospectiva y transversal con el objetivo de determinar la salud del primer molar permanente, relacionado con algunos determinantes sociales de la salud en escolares de 11 a 16 años de la Escuela Secundaria Básica “Fermín y Yolanda” del municipio Unión de Reyes de septiembre 2014 de a abril de 2015. Resultados: se encontró que la mayoría de los adolescentes eran del sexo femenino, y tenían entre 13 y 14 años de edad. La mayoría de las familias de los adolescentes eran disfuncionales. De las barreras para conductas saludables estudiadas, la que más incidió fue la ingestión de alimentos que expenden alrededor de la escuela con el 95,3%. Conclusiones: a pesar de estos resultados el 60,7% de los molares permanentes eran saludables(AU).

Introduction: the health-disease process depends on multiple and complex conditions and it is not only ruled by the acknowledged laws of the natural sciences. It also includes psychological, socioeconomic and environmental influences. These are considered health social determinants. The causal factors clinically producing caries are well identified, but the social determinants related with its prevalence are not, less those associated to the first permanent molar considered by several authors as the key of the occlusion. Aim: to determine first permanent molar health related with several health social determinants in students aged 11-16 years. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive and observational research was carry out with the aim of determining the health of the first permanent molar that is related with several health social determinants in students aged 11-16 years of the Basic Secondary School (Junior High School in the United States) “Fermin y Yolanda”, of the municipality Unión de Reyes from September 2014 to April 2015. Outcomes: most of the teenagers were females ones, aged 13-14 years. Most of their families were dysfunctional. From the studied barriers for healthy behaviour, the one with more incidences was the intake of food sold near the school with 95.3 %. Conclusions: in spite of these results, 60.7 % of the permanent molars were healthy (AU).

Estado del primer molar permanente en niños de 6 a 11 años de edad / Status of the first permanent molar in children aged 6 to 11 years

Introducción: los primeros molares permanentes son considerados dientes pilares fundamentales en la cavidad bucal, su pérdida precoz causa un daño irreparable, dado su papel como llave de la oclusión dentaria. Objetivo: evaluar el estado de salud del primer molar permanente. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación observacional, descriptiva y transversal en la Escuela Primaria “Raúl Gómez García,” perteneciente al área de salud de Milanés de la Clínica “III Congreso del PCC,” del municipio de Matanzas, en el período del curso académico 2013 - 2014. De un universo de 382 niños que constituían la matrícula total de la escuela, se seleccionaron mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple, una muestra de 298, de la edad de 6 a 11 años, que tenían presente en boca los cuatro primeros molares permanentes en el momento del examen. Se estudiaron variables como: edad, sexo, superficies afectadas del primer molar permanente, estado del primer molar permanente, afectación del paciente, e Índice epidemiológico de Clune. Los datos fueron registrados en tablas y el procedimiento estadístico dado en porcentaje. Se contó con el consentimiento de la dirección de la escuela y de los padres de los niños. Resultados: las superficies o caras de los molares más afectados fueron las oclusales tanto por caries (36,5 %), como obturadas (28,1 %). Del total de la muestra, 208 niños presentaron sus cuatro primeros molares libres de caries, para un 69,8 %. Solo 1 niño fue clasificado de grave, para un 1,8 %. Conclusiones: un elevado número de niños presentaron sus primeros molares libres de caries dental y pocos la pérdida del primer molar permanente.

Background: the first permanent molars are considered main pillar teeth in the oral cavity. Their precocious lost causes an irreparable damage, given their role as the key of the dental occlusion. Aim: to evaluate the first permanent molar health status. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive, observational research was carried out in the Primary School “Raul Gómez García,” belonging to Milanes health area of the Clinic “III Congreso del PCC,” municipality of Matanzas, in the period of the school year 2013- 2014. From the universe of 382 children matriculated in the school, via simple randomized screening, there they were chosen 298 children who had in their mouth the four first permanent molars at the moment of the examination. The studied variables were age, gender, damaged surfaces of the first permanent molar, status of the first permanent molar, patients’ affectation, and Clune´s epidemiologic index. Data were registered in charts and the statistical procedure was given in percentages. The informed consent was given by parents and the managing staff of the school. Outcomes: the most damaged molar surfaces or sides were the occlusal ones because of caries (36.5 %) and because of obturations (28.1 %). From the total of the sample, 208 children had their four first molars free of caries, for 69.8 %. Only 1 child was classified as seriously ill, for 1.8 %. Conclusions: a high number of children had their first molars free of dental caries and few of them had lost their first permanent molar.

Caries dental en los primeros molares permanentes en escolares / Dental caries in the first permanent molars in school children

Introducción: en la edad escolar el diente permanente más afectado por caries dental es el primer molar permanente, y la prevalencia de caries en ellos se asocia con actividad futura de caries. Por erupcionar sin haber exfoliado ningún elemento primario, las madres, desconocen que este es un diente permanente. Su destrucción parcial o total repercute en el desarrollo y crecimiento maxilofacial y la oclusión. Objetivos: describir la afectación por caries dental en los primeros molares permanentes en escolares, así como el conocimiento de la madre sobre estos. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en la Escuela Primaria Máximo Gómez, de Alamar, en febrero de 2013. A 211 escolares se le efectuó examen bucal, registrándose los primeros molares sanos, cariados, restaurados y perdidos. Se entrevistaron a las madres para saber sobre su conocimiento del primer molar permanente. Resultados: el 40,3 % tuvo al menos un primer molar permanente afectado. La frecuencia fue, en masculino, 50,6 %, y en la edad de 11 años, 28,2 %. El índice dental cariado obstruido perdido fue en el 26 y 46, de promedio 0,81 y 81 %, respectivamente. El desconocimiento de las madres fue del 64,3 % del total. Conclusiones: casi la mitad de la muestra presenta al menos un primer molar permanente afectado por caries dental y la edad de 11 años es la más frecuente. No se señalan diferencias en cuanto al sexo. La experiencia mayor de caries dental la presentan los molares 46 y 26. La mayoría de las madres no tiene conocimientos acerca del primer molar permanente.

Background: in school age, the tooth most affected by dental caries is the first permanent molar, and the caries prevalence in them is associated to the future caries activity. Due to its eruption without the exfoliation of primary elements, mothers do not know that this is a permanent tooth. Its partial or total destruction affects the maxillofacial growth and development and leads to malocclusion. Aims: describing the damage due to dental caries in the first permanent molars in school children, and also their mothers’ knowledge on them. Material and methods: we carried out a cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study in the Primary School Maximo Gómez, of Alamar, in February 2013. Buccal exam was made to 211 schoolchildren, recording the healthy, carious, restored and lost first permanent molars. Mothers were interviewed to identify their knowledge on the first permanent molar. Results: 40,3 % of the sample had at least one permanent molar damaged. The frequency was, in male schoolchildren, 50,6 %, and at the age of 11 years, 28,2 %. The carious-obstructed-lost dental index in the 26 and 46 teeth was an average of 0,81 and 81 % respectively. Mothers’ lack of knowledge was 64,3 % of the total. Conclusions: almost half of the sample had at least one permanent molar damaged by dental caries and the most frequent age is 11 years. There are not differences according to de gender. The highest existence of dental caries is in 26 and 46 molars. Most of the mothers do not know about the first permanent molar.

Pérdida del primer molar permanente en niños de 6-12 años de edad. Colón. 2013 / First permanent molar lost in children aged 6-12 years. Colon. 2013

El primer molar permanente es una de las estructuras dentarias más importantes para el desarrollo de una oclusión fisiológica y una adecuada función masticatoria, estos dientes desempeñan un papel primordial en el desarrollo y mantenimiento de una oclusión dentaria apropiada, son muy susceptibles a la caries dental, después de su erupción, alrededor de los 6 años. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal en la escuela René Fraga Moreno del municipio Colón, provincia de Matanzas con el objetivo de determinar la pérdida del primer molar permanente en los niños de 6 a 12 años, en el periodo comprendido de noviembre del 2012 a enero del 2013. El universo fue 395 estudiantes comprendidos en las edades 6-12 años, la muestra la conformaron 41 niños con,al menos, la pérdida de uno de los cuatro primeros molares. Como resultado, prevalecieron los de 12 años, con los primeros molares ausentes, representando el 31.7 %; el sexo masculino fue el más representado con 65,8 %, el grupo de edad de 12 años presentó un 61.5 % de estudiantes con higiene bucal inadecuada. Se observó que un 87.8 % de los estudiantes estudiados consumían dieta cariogénica, el primer molar que más ausente se encontró en la boca de estos niños fue el primer molar inferior derecho con 60.9 %. Esta afección afectó más al sexo masculino. Predominó la higiene bucal inadecuada. En todas las edades prevaleció la dieta cariogénica. El primer molar inferior derecho fue el que más se ausentó en la boca de estos niños.

The first permanent molar is one of the most important dental structures for the development of a physiologic occlusion and an adequate masticatory function; these teeth play an important role in the development and maintenance of an appropriate dental occlusion; they are very predisposed to dental caries after their eruption, around the age of 6 years. A cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study was carried out in the school Rene Fraga Moreno, of Colon municipality, province of Matanzas, with the aim of determining the first permanent molar lost in children aged 6-12 years, in the period from November 2012 to January 2013. The universe were 395 schoolchildren aged 6-12 years; the sample was composed by 41 children, with at least the lost of one of the four first molars. As a result there it was the prevalence of children aged 12 years, with the absence of the first molars, representing 31, 7 %; the male gender was the most represented one with 65, 8 %, and the 12 years age group presented 61, 5 % of students with inadequate buccal hygiene. We observed that 87, 8 % of the studied schoolchildren had a cariogenic diet; the more frequently absent first molar was the first right low molar with 60. 9 %. The male gender was the most affected by this disorder. The inadequate buccal hygiene predominated. The cariogenic diet prevailed in all ages. The first right low molar was the most frequently found lost in the mouth of these children.

Diagnóstico y evolución de primeros molares permanentes en niños en edad escolar / Diagnosis and evolution of first permanent molars in school children

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de prevalencia de los datos recabados en el año 2012 del Programa de Salud Bucal de la Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, disponible en el Instituto Provincial de Odontología del Ministerio de Salud. Se analizaron los Primeros Molares Permanentes en 5330 escolares entre 5/6 y 12 años de 74 escuelas provinciales en la capital de la Provincia. Los mismos se clasificaron como Sanos, Cariados, Obturados o Perdidos. Se obtuvieron los índices CPOD de Dentición Permanente y ceod de dentición primaria. Se analizó la presencia de Gingivitis por alumno y Caries por molar. Se observó un desmejoramiento a los 12 años. Existieron diferencias significativas en caries y gingivitis por escuela entre ambos grupos. No se encontraron diferencias de porcentajes de caries por molar entre ambos grupos, pero si dentro de cada grupo, siendo los molares inferiores los más afectados. Los resultados hallados entre los 5/6 y 12 años fueron: Sanos 91.66/54.67%, Cariados 7.45/33.32%, Perdidos 0/1,53% y Obturados 0.89/10,49%, Gingivitis 20.24/48.21%. CPOD 0.14/2.68 y ceod 3.53/1.12. El diagnóstico de los primeros molares permanentes en edad escolar es prioritario en la prevención de la salud bucodental...

A descriptive study of prevalence data collected in 2012 the Oral Health Program of the Province of Córdoba was performed, Argentina, available at the Provincial Institute of Dentistry, Ministry of Health was performed. The Permanent First Molars in 5330 school children between 5/6 and 12 years of 74 provincial schools were analyzed in the capital of the Province. They were classified as Healthy, Decayed, Sealed or Lost. The DMFT and dmft Permanent dentition primary dentition indices were obtained. We analyzed the presence of Cavities Gingivitis per student and per mole. Deterioration was observed at age 12. Significant differences in school cavities and gingivitis between the two groups. No differences of molar caries rates between the two groups, but within each group, the lower molars being the most affected. The results between the 5/6 and 12 years were: Healthy 91.66/54.67%, Decayed 7.45/33.32% Lost 0/1, Sealed 53% and 0.89/10, 49%, Gingivitis 20.24/48.21%. DMFT dmft 0.14/2.68 and 3.53/1.12. The diagnosis of the first permanent molars school age is a priority in the prevention of oral health...

Caries dental aguda del primer molar permanente en niños de 12 años / Acute dental caries of the first permanent molar in children younger than 12 years

El primer molar permanente es considerado la llave de la oclusión dentaria, la presencia de caries en éste es elevada, lo que dificulta el logro de las metas trazadas por organizaciones de salud a nivel mundial en este grupo de edad. Objetivo: determinar el comportamiento de la caries dental aguda en primer molar permanente en una población de 12 años de edad atendida en la Clínica Estomatológica Santa Cruz de la Parroquia Goaigoaza. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en la Clínica Estomatológica Santa Cruz. Parroquia Goaigoaza, municipio Puerto Cabello, estado Carabobo, en el período comprendido entre abril del 2009 a abril 2010. Se seleccionaron 97 pacientes de 12 años de edad los que constituyeron el universo y la muestra. Acudieron a la consulta por dolor debido a la presencia de caries dental aguda. Se registraron las variables: edad, sexo, grado clínico de la caries dental, estímulos externos que provocaron dolor, la cara dental y la arcada dentaria más afectadas. La información fue recogida mediante interrogatorio y examen clínico. Resultados: el sexo masculino representó el 63,9 por ciento. La caries dental de 3er grado estuvo presente en un 68 por ciento. Los estímulos externos que provocaron dolor fueron: el frío presente en 75,2 por ciento y los alimentos dulces en 69,1 por ciento en ambos sexos. El primer molar inferior derecho resultó más afectado (46,4 por ciento) que el izquierdo (36,1 por ciento), así como la arcada dentaria inferior (25,8 por ciento) y la cara oclusal (64,9 por ciento). Conclusiones: predominaron el sexo masculino y la caries dental aguda de 3er grado. El frío y los alimentos dulces fueron los estímulos externos más frecuentes. Los más afectados resultaron el primer molar inferior derecho, la cara oclusal y la arcada dentaria inferior(AU)

The first permanent molar is considered the dental key to occlusion. The presence of caries here is high, hindering the achievement of goals set by various health organizations worldwide in this age group. Objetive: to determine acute dental caries behavior in the first permanent molar within a 12 year-aged population, assisted at The Dental Clinic of Santa Cruz in Goaigoaza Parish. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in The Dental Clinic of Santa Cruz in Goaigoaza Parish, Puerto Cabello, Carabobo, from April 2009 to April 2010. 97 patients (12 year-aged) were selected to form the universe and sample. These patients came to consultation in pain due to the presence of acute dental caries. Variables were recorded such as: age, sex, clinical grade of dental caries, external stimuli causing pain, dental face and the most affected dental arch: the variables were. The information was collected by interview and clinical examination. Results: the males accounted for 63.9 percent. 3rd grade dental caries were present in 68.0 percent. External stimuli causing pain were cold (75.2 percent) and sweet foods (69.1 percent) in both genders. The lower right first molar was the more affected (46.4 percent) than the left one (36.1 percent), as well as the lower dental arch (25.8 percent) and the occlusal face (64.9 percent). Conclusions: acute 3rd grade dental caries and males patients predominated. Cold and sweet foods were the most frequent external stimuli, The lower right first molar, the occlusal face and lower dental arch were the most affected(AU)

Bite force of the first permanent molar in relation to growth indices / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Background: Bite force is one indicator of the functional state of the masticator system that results from the action of jaw elevator muscles modified by the craniomandibular biomechanics [Bakke.M 2006]. Determination of individual bite force level has been widely used in dentistry. The correlations of maximum bite force are studied in terms of gender, age, weight, height, body type, previous history of orthodontic treatment have shown in earlier studies.Aim: The aim of this study is to determine relationship between of bite force of the first permanent molar and some growth indices of children.Materials and Method: A total of 276 children, aged 12–16 years, were randomly chosen from the secondary schools No.33, 57, 67. A dental examination was done by using a mouth mirror and probe under natural light. Bite force of the first permanent molar was measured by an occlusal force meter GM10. Body height and body weight were determined by RGZ–120–RT scale. The results were considered to be significant at p-values below 0.05; the SPSS 16.0 for Windows wasused.Result: The average of the first permanent molar’s bite force was 572.9±8.24N and it was more in male than in female. The bite of the first permanent molar had a significant positive correlation to the body height, body weight (p<0.05).Conclusion: The bite force of the first permanent molar increases throughout growth of children.

Long-term effect of quad helix expansion of dental arch*☆ / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Rapid expansion of the dental arch is an effective way to rapidly expanse the jaw. Compared with rapid expansion, the slow expansion has higher stability and less recurrence, but the reports on the long-term stability of quad helix expansion are rare. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the clinical effect of quad helix expansion in orthodontics. METHODS: Twenty-two subjects with dental arch stenosis in mixed dentition and early permanent dentition who experienced an expansion of at least 3 mm with quad helix appliance were selected for this study. Plaster dental casts and posteroanterior radiographs were evaluated at the beginning of the treatment (T1), at the completion of phase I quad helix expansion or ful treatment (T2), and approximately 2 years fol owing the completion of treatment (T3). The distance between two first molars was measured on the model. J point was drawn on the posteroanterior radiograph in order to measure the distance between the bilateral base bones and the molar inclination, as wel as to evaluate the corrective and orthopedic effects of dental arch expansion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with that before expansion, the first permanent molar inclination and the distance between base bones on two sides were significant increased after quad helix expansion; there were no significant differences in the distance between two first permanent molars, first permanent molar inclination and the distance between bilateral base bones on two sides when compared after quad helix expansion and after 2-year fol ow-up (P > 0.05). The results indicate that the long-term effect of quad helix expansion is stable with orthopedic effect.

La pérdida del primer molar permanente en niños de 12 a 14 años de edad / The loss of the first permanent molar in children from 12 to 14 years of age

Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, de corte transversal, con el propósito de determinar el comportamiento de la pérdida del primer molar permanente en niños de 12 a 14 años de edad atendidos en los servicios de Estomatología del Centro de Diagnóstico Integral Los Godos, en la ciudad de Maturín en el Estado Monagas, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, durante el periodo comprendido del mes enero del 2010 a enero del 2011. Las variables objeto de estudio fueron: Primer molar permanente perdido, causa de la pérdida, edad, sexo, oclusión e higiene bucal. La información se recogió en un modelo de entrevista estandarizada, la cual fue llevada a un formulario creado al efecto que permitió la consolidación y análisis de la misma. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que la prevalencia de la pérdida del primer molar permanente en el contexto de estudio fue del 40.2 por ciento, el sexo más afectado resultó el masculino con un 57.6 por ciento, la maloclusión se presentó en el 37.8 por ciento de los niños con ausencia del molar. Además el primer molar más afectado en los niños resultó el primer molar permanente inferior derecho con un 34.8 por ciento de incidencia.

A cross sectional, observational and descriptive study was carried out, in order to determine the behavior of the loss of the first permanent molar in children from 12 to 14 years attended in dental emergencies in the Integral Diagnostic Center Los Godos, in the Maturín city in the Monagas State, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, between January 2010 and January 2011. The variables object of study were the following: First molar permanent lost, cause of the loss, age, sex, occlusion and buccal hygiene. The information was collected in a model of standardized interview, which was taken a form that allowed the consolidation and analysis of the same. The obtained results demonstrate that the prevalence of the loss of the first permanent molar in the study context was 40,2 percent, masculine sex was the most affected with a 57.6 percent, malocclusion appeared in the 37,8 per cent of the children with molar absence. Besides the first more affected molar in children turned out the first right lower molar with a 34,8 percent of incidence.

Estudio epidemiológico de la incidencia de caries del órgano dentario 46 como primer diente afectado en la dentición permanente / Epidemiologic study of the incidence of tooth decay body 46 as first tooth concerned in the permanent dentition

El primer molar permanente es un órgano dental muy importante en la dentición ya que tiene un papel importante en la oclusión y en la función masticatoria; los primeros molares inferiores son los más susceptibles debido a su anatomía y morfología, ser los primeros en hacer erupción, el factor gravedad que hace que los alimentos no se queden en los primeros molares superiores y si en los inferiores y la causa que sea más en el derecho que en el izquierdo es la forma como se realiza el cepillado. El estudio se realizó en la Clínica de Odontopediatría de la Facultad de Estomatología de la U.A.S.L.P., la muestra fue de 500 pacientes (55.20% Femenino y 44.80% Másculino) edades de los pacientes de 6 a 18 años, el órgano dentario más afectado es el primer molar permanente inferior derecho 46 (68.40%) observado clínicamente y con el cuestionamiento directo o indirecto, también nos mostro que el cepillado se realiza dos veces al día (37%)

The first permanent molar is a very important dental organ in the teething has an important role in the occlusion and masticatory function; the first lower molars are the most susceptible due to their anatomy and morphology, to be first to erupt, the factor gravity that causes that the foods do not remain in first superiors molars and if in the lowers and the cause that is more in the right than in the left one is the form as brushing one is realized. The study carried out in the Clinic of Odontopediatry of the Facultad de Estomatología of U.A.S.L.P., the sample was of 500 patients (55.20% Feminine and 44.80% Másculine) ages of the patients of 6 to 18 years, the most affected dental organ is the first one to molar permanent lower right 46 (68.40%) noted Clínically and with the direct or indirect, questioning also we showed brushing is done twice a day (37%)

Perda precoce de molares permanentes e fatores associados em escolares de 9, 12 e 15 anos da rede pública municipal de Campina Grande, estado da Paraíba, Brasil / Early loss of permanent molars and associated factors in schoolchildren aged 9, 12 and 15 years attending public schools in Campina Grande, Paraíba state, Brazil

Este estudo avaliou a perda precoce de molares permanentes em escolares da rede pública de Campina Grande, Estado da Paraíba, com idades de nove, 12 e 15 anos. A amostra compreendeu 873 escolares, aleatoriamente selecionados. O instrumento de coleta consistiu de um questionário e de uma ficha clínica. As variáveis do estudo compreenderam os aspectos relativos à perda dentária (tipo de elemento dental, localização na arcada dentária e a região do arco), à prevenção e à autopercepção em saúde bucal. A análise estatística compreendeu a distribuição de frequências e os testes do Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher. Os resultados revelaram a prevalência de 17,2% de perda dentária, sem diferenças entre os sexos, frequência de escovação e palestra educativa (p > 0,05). Os elementos dentários 36 (42,5%) e 46 (33,9%) foram os mais frequentemente perdidos. Observou-se a associação positiva entre perda dentária e as variáveis idade, visita ao cirurgião-dentista (OR = 2,19; IC95%: 1,35-3,59), satisfação com o sorriso (OR = 0,40; IC95%: 0,24-0,65) e a dificuldade na mastigação (OR = 2,16; IC95%: 1,48- 3,16). Conclui-se que a prevalência da perda precoce de molares permanentes foi elevada, sendo necessária a imediata adoção de ações curativas a fim de reduzir a perda precoce desses elementos dentários.

This study evaluate the early loss of permanent molars in schoolchildren aged 9, 12 and 15 years attending public schools in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba State, Brazil. The sample was composed of 873 randomly selected schoolchildren. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire and a clinical chart. The following variables were analyzed: tooth loss (tooth type, localization in the dental arch and region of the arch), prevention and selfperception of oral health. The statistical analysis was done by frequency distribution and the chisquare and fisher’s exact tests were used. The results showed a prevalence of 17.2% of tooth loss without differences between genders, toothbrushing frequency and attendance to educational lectures (p > 0.05). Teeth 36 (42.5%) and 46 (33.9%) were the most frequently lost. There was association between tooth loss and age, visit to the dentist (OR = 2.19, CI95% = 1.35-3.59), satisfaction with the smile (OR = 0.40, CI95% = 0.24-0.65) and chewing difficulty (OR = 2.16, IC95%: 1.48-3.16). It may be concluded that the prevalence of early loss of permanent molars was high. It is therefore necessary to adopt immediate curative actions to reduce early tooth loss.

Caries dental y necesidades de tratamiento en el primer molar permanente en escolares de 12 años de las escuelas públicas del municipio de Rionegro (Antioquia, Colombia), 2010 / Dental Caries and Treatment Needs in the First P ermanent Mol ar in 12-year-old School children fr om P ublic Schools in the Municipal ity of Rionegro (Antioquia, Colombia), 2010

Antecedentes: es importante evaluar el primer molar permanente, ya que en edad escolares el diente permanente más afectado por caries. La prevalencia de caries en estos dientesse ha asociado con la actividad futura de caries. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia decaries y las necesidades de tratamiento de los primeros molares permanentes en la poblaciónescolar de 12 años de las escuelas oficiales del municipio de Rionegro (Antioquia).Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 808 escolares de 12 años deescuelas públicas del municipio. Se analizó la prevalencia de caries dental en el primer molarpermanente por número y tipo de dientes afectados y de acuerdo con sexo, escolaridad,zona de residencia y afiliación al Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud (SGSSS).También se describieron las necesidades de tratamiento para cada primer molar permanente.Resultados: los molares inferiores presentaron la mayor prevalencia de cariesdental en relación con las variables de afiliación al SGSSS, sexo y zona de residencia;en estas dos últimas variables se evidenció más afectación en el primer molar inferiorderecho y concentración en este molar de las necesidades de tratamiento restaurativo.Conclusiones: aunque se cuenta con estudios previos sobre prevalencia de caries dentalen el municipio que muestran cumplimiento de metas de la Organización Mundial de laSalud, son más escasos los estudios que evalúen de manera individual los primeros molarespermanentes para orientar políticas de salud pública dirigidos a la preservación de estasimportantes estructuras dentales...

Background: Evaluation of the first permanent molar is important since it is the tooth thatis most affected from dental cavities in schoolers. Caries prevalence of this molar has beenassociated with future caries activity. Objective: Determine caries prevalence and treatmentneeds in the first permanent molar of a 12-year-old population from public schools in themunicipality of Rionegro (Antioquia). Methods: A descriptive study in 808 12-year-old schoolchildren from public schools in Rionegro was conducted. Caries prevalence in the first permanentmolar was analyzed regarding number and type of teeth affected and associationwith sex, grade, zone of residence, and type of affiliation to the social security system (SSS).Needs for dental treatment in this molar were also described. Results: Lower molars werethe most affected by dental caries in relationship with sex, SSS, and zone of residence; in thelatter two dental cavities were more prevalent in the right lower first molar, tooth in which theneed for restorative treatment is higher than the other first molars. Conclusions: Althoughthere are previous studies on the dental health status in Rionegro and indicators show thatthe goals of the World Health Organization are being met, evaluative research focused onthe first permanent molar is scarce and necessary given its importance for health publicpolicymaking intended to preserve this teeth...