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1.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 119(3): 152-161, Junio 2021. tab, ilus
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1222429

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Las malformaciones vasculares cerebrales de alto flujo son poco comunes en la edad pediátrica. El objetivo del trabajo es diferenciar y agrupar estas enfermedades según edad de debut, manifestaciones clínicas y angioarquitectura.Población y método. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y observacional. Se analizaron las historias clínicas, los estudios por imágenes y los protocolos de procedimientos de pacientes del Hospital J. P. Garrahan con diagnóstico de malformaciones vasculares cerebrales desde enero de 2010 hasta enero de 2020.Resultados. Ciento ochenta y tres pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se identificaron 131 pacientes con malformaciones arteriovenosas con nido (MAV) y 52 con fístulas directas (sin nido), entre los que se hallaron 19 malformaciones aneurismáticas de vena de Galeno, 23 fístulas piales y 10 fístulas durales. La edad promedio fue de 105 meses para las MAV, 1,7 meses para las malformaciones aneurismáticas de vena de Galeno, 60,5 meses para fístulas piales y 41 meses para fístulas durales.Conclusión. Según su angioarquitectura, las malformaciones vasculares cerebrales de alto flujo tuvieron nido (MAV) o fueron fístulas directas (malformaciones aneurismáticas de vena de Galeno, fístulas piales y fístulas durales). Las MAV se manifestaron a partir de la primera infancia, sobre todo, por hemorragia intracraneana. Las fístulas directas se expresaron en la primera etapa de la vida, frecuentemente, con insuficiencia cardíaca.


Introduction. High-flow vascular malformations of the brain are uncommon in pediatrics. The objective of this study is to establish the differences among these pathologies and group them by age at onset, clinical manifestations, and angioarchitecture.Population and method. This was a retrospective and observational study. The medical records, imaging studies, and procedure protocols of patients seen at Hospital J. P. Garrahan diagnosed with vascular malformations of the brain between January 2010 and January 2020 were analyzed.Results. A total of 183 patients met the inclusion criteria. It was possible to identify 131 patients with arteriovenous malformations with a nidus (AVMs) and 52 with direct fistulas (without a nidus), including 19 vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations, 23 pial fistulas, and 10 dural fistulas. The average age of patients was 105 months for AVMs, 1.7 months for vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations, 60.5 months for pial fistulas, and 41 months for dural fistulas.Conclusion. Based on their angioarchitecture, high-flow vascular malformations of the brain presented a nidus (AVMs) or direct fistulas (vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations, pial fistulas, and dural fistulas). AVMs were observed in early childhood, especially due to intracranial hemorrhage. Direct fistulas occurred in the first stage of life, commonly with heart failure.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Arteriovenous Malformations/therapy , Arteriovenous Malformations/diagnostic imaging , Retrospective Studies , Arteriovenous Fistula/therapy , Arteriovenous Fistula/diagnostic imaging , Intracranial Hemorrhages , Vein of Galen Malformations/therapy , Vein of Galen Malformations/diagnostic imaging , Heart Failure
2.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 39(3): 94-97, sept. 2019. ilus.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1048277

ABSTRACT

Las fístulas arteriovenosas durales medulares son malformaciones vasculares adquiridas que constituyen una causa muy infrecuente de mielopatía progresiva (5-10 casos por millón de habitantes por año). La resonancia magnética es el estudio por imágenes de elección para su diagnóstico. A continuación presentamos el caso de una paciente femenina de 89 años, que consultó a la guardia de nuestra institución por un cuadro de paraparesia moderada asociada a parestesias e incontinencia urinaria posterior a esfuerzo físico. Se le diagnosticó una fístula arteriovenosa dural medular como causante de su cuadro. (AU)


Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVF) are acquired spinal vascular malformations and a rare cause of progressive myelopathy (5-10 new cases per year and per 1 million inhabitants). Magnetic resonance imaging is the diagnosis modality of choice. We present a case of a 89-year-old female patient who consulted the emergency department of our institution because of paraparesis and lower extremities paresthesias associated with urinary incontinence post physical effort. With the final diagnosis of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula, as a cause of the clinical symptoms. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Arteriovenous Fistula/diagnostic imaging , Dura Mater/abnormalities , Paresthesia , Atrial Fibrillation/complications , Spinal Cord Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Tobacco Use Disorder/complications , Urinary Incontinence , Arteriovenous Fistula/etiology , Arteriovenous Fistula/epidemiology , Low Back Pain/complications , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/complications , Paraparesis , Fecal Incontinence , Hypertension/complications , Hypesthesia , Erectile Dysfunction , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
3.
Rev. ecuat. neurol ; 27(2): 20-24, may.-ago. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1004018

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Las fístulas carótido cavernosas son malformaciones vasculares infrecuentes que generan un shunt arteriovenoso patológico que compromete el funcionamiento ocular. El diagnóstico definitivo se establece a través de una arteriografía cerebral. Sin embargo, su carácter invasivo limita su uso en el seguimiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es ilustrar el valor del estudio con ultrasonido doppler transcraneal para el diagnóstico y describir los parámetros de flujo que pudieran modificarse. Pacientes: Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de las historias clínicas de los pacientes atendidos con diagnóstico de fistula carótido cavernosa en la unidad de ictus del Hospital CQ Hermanos Ameijeiras de La Habana, entre enero de 2005 y mayo de 2014. Se recogieron variables demográficas y de la enfermedad, así como los resultados de los estudios de imagen y ultrasonido. Resultados: Se describen las características clínicas e imagenológicas de tres enfermos en los que se confirmó el diagnóstico. En los dos pacientes con comunicaciones directas, se registró un aumento de la velocidad media de flujo en la vena oftálmica, arterializada, con disminución de la pulsatilidad; sumado a aumento en la velocidad de pico diastólico en la arteria carótida interna ipsilateral a la fístula. En el paciente con la fístula indirecta los cambios fueron menos marcados. Conclusión: El estudio con ultrasonido fue de utilidad en el diagnóstico de las fístulas carótido cavernosa. Mostró diferencias en parámetros de flujo que pueden servir para clasificar las fistulas.


Abstract Introduction: Carotid cavernous fistulas are infrequent vascular malformations that generate a pathological arteriovenous shunt, which compromises ocular function. The definitive diagnosis is established by cerebral arteriography. However, its invasive nature limits its use in follow-up. The aim of this work is to illustrate the value of the study with transcranial doppler ultrasound for the diagnosis of cavernous carotid fistulas and to describe the flow parameters that could be modified. Patients: A retrospective review of the clinical histories of the patients treated with a diagnosis of cavernous carotid fistula was carried out in the stroke unit of the Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital in Havana, between January 2005 and May 2014. Demographic and disease variables were collected, as well as the results of imaging and ultrasound studies. Results: We describe the clinical and imaging characteristics of three patients in whom carotid cavernous fistula was confirmed. In the two patients with direct communications, an increase of the mean flow velocity in the ophthalmic vein, arterialized, with decrease in pulsatility were registered; in addition to an increase in the diastolic peak velocity in the internal carotid artery ipsilateral to the fistula. In the patient with the indirect fistula the changes were less marked. Conclusion: The ultrasound study was useful in the diagnosis of carotid cavernous fistulas, showing differences in the flow parameters that can be used to classify the fistulas.

4.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 29(4)dez. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-602493

ABSTRACT

Background: Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are rare disease in pediatric age group and dural sinus malformation (DSM) has even a lower incidence rate. DSMs are associated with a mild male dominance and onset symptoms appear around 5 months of age. The most common clinical presentation is macrocrania, seizures, psychomotor delay, intracranial hemorrhage, congestive heart failure and brain ischemia. Early recognition of these lesions is essential to prevent brain injury for ischemia and intracranial hypertension. Case description: We discuss the case of a 4 month-old boy presenting with macrocrania and signs of intracranial hypertension secondary to a transverse sinus dural arteriovenous malformation. This case was successfully treated by endovascular procedure reaching the goal of the treatment that is to obliterate the arterial portion of the fistula while preserving cerebral venous drainage to reduce the pial reflux in order to prevent venous hypertension and ischemic complications.


Contexto: As malformações arteriovenosas (MAVs) são raras na faixa etária pediátrica, e as malformações de seio dural (MSD) possuem uma taxa de incidência ainda menor. As MSDs estão associadas a uma pequena predominância no sexo masculino e os sintomas aparecem por volta dos 5 meses de idade. As apresentações clínicas mais comuns são: macrocrania, crises convulsivas, atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, hemorragia intracraniana, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva e isquemia cerebral. O reconhecimento precoce dessas lesões é essencial para prevenir o dano cerebral por isquemia e hipertensão intracraniana. Relato do caso: Discutimos o caso de um garoto de 4 meses de idade apresentando macrocrania e sinais de hipertensão intracraniana secundários a uma malformação arteriovenosa de seio dural transverso. Este caso foi tratado com sucesso por procedimento endovascular, alcançando o objetivo do tratamento, que é ocluir a porção arterial da fístula e preservar a drenagem venosa cerebral, para reduzir o refluxo pial e assim prevenir a hipertensão venosa e possíveis complicações isquêmicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Arteriovenous Fistula , Arteriovenous Malformations , Transverse Sinuses
5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 68(4): 613-618, Aug. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-555244

ABSTRACT

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) may have aggressive symptoms, especially if there is direct cortical venous drainage. We report our preliminary experience in transarterial embolization of DAVFs with direct cortical venous drainage (CVR) using Onyx®. METHOD: Nine patients with DAVFs with direct cortical venous drainage were treated: eight type IV and one type III (Cognard). Treatment consisted of transarterial embolization using Onyx-18®. Immediate post treatment angiographies, clinical outcome and late follow-up angiographies were studied. RESULTS: Complete occlusion of the fistula was achieved in all patients with only one procedure and injection in only one arterial pedicle. On follow-up, eight patients became free from symptoms, one improved and no one deteriorated. Late angiographies showed no evidence of recurrent DAVF. CONCLUSION: We recommend that transarterial Onyx® embolization of DAVFs with direct cortical venous drainage be considered as a treatment option, while it showed to be feasible, safe and effective.


As fistulas arteriovenosas durais (FAVDs) podem se manifestar com sintomas agressivos, especialmente se existe drenagem cortical direta. Relatamos nossa experiência preliminar na embolização transarterial de FAVDs com drenagem cortical direta usando Onyx®. MÉTODO: Nove pacientes com FAVDs com drenagem cortical direta foram tratados: oito do tipo IV e uma do tipo III (Cognard). O tratamento consistiu na embolização transarterial usando Onyx-18®. Angiografias imediatas pós-tratamento, evolução clínica e angiografias de controle tardias foram estudadas. RESULTADOS: A oclusão completa da fístula foi alcançada em todos pacientes através de um só procedimento e injeção em apenas um pedículo arterial. No seguimento, oito pacientes ficaram livres de sintomas, um melhorou e nenhum deteriorou. Angiografias tardias de controle não mostraram evidência de FAVD recorrente. CONCLUSÃO: Nós recomendamos que a embolização transarterial com Onyx® das FAVDs com drenagem cortical direta, seja considerada como uma opção terapêutica, uma vez que mostrou ser factível, segura e efetiva.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations/therapy , Dimethyl Sulfoxide/therapeutic use , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Polyvinyls/therapeutic use , Cerebral Angiography , Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations , Drainage/methods , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome
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