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1.
Acta sci., Health sci ; 43: e54978, Feb.11, 2021.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1368771

ABSTRACT

The central venous catheter that is inserted in patients undergoing hemodialysis can cause hemodynamic instability and trigger complications such as thrombus formation. The objective of this study was to investigate hemostatic and numerical influences on thrombus formation in patients undergoing hemodialysis with a central venous catheter. Participants were assigned to three groups: I: clinical and laboratorial healthy individuals matched by sex and age (controls); II: participants after one month of insertion of the catheter and III: participants after 4 months of insertion of the catheter. Platelet activation was investigated by GPIIb/IIIa and p-selectin expressions using flow cytometry. A three-dimensional model of the catheter was constructed in the numerical simulation for the calculation of partial differential equation of a platelet activation model. A significant difference was detected by the expression of p-selectin comparing the group I (33.42 ± 4.74), group II (40.79 ± 5.54) and group III(51.00 ± 7.21) (p < 0.0001). The median values for GPIIb/IIIa were 10426 (10029-10721), 13921 (13412-15652) and 19946 (18714-21815) after catheter insertion (p < 0.0001), for groups I, II and III, respectively. Excluding the first arterial orifice, venous orifices tend to have greater platelet activation when compared to the other arterial orifices. The results of this study showed the influence of arterial and venous lateral orifices in stimulating the development of thrombi associated with the activation of platelet markers the longer the catheter was used.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Blood Platelets , Central Venous Catheters , Flow Cytometry/instrumentation , Patients/statistics & numerical data , Thrombosis/blood , Hemostatics , Biomarkers/blood , Platelet Activation , Renal Dialysis/nursing , P-Selectin/blood , Coagulation Agents , Vascular Access Devices , Hemodynamics
3.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 26(2): 197-204, abr.-jun. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-597739

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Uma vez que a maioria das complicações relacionadas ao funcionamento das próteses de válvulas cardíacas é decorrente de distúrbios de escoamento, a sua caracterização hidrodinâmica é um auxílio útil no projeto de novas próteses. Simulações do escoamento pulsátil em próteses cardíacas começaram há cerca de 40 anos, por meio do desenvolvimento de diferentes bancadas do sistema circulatório humano, melhorando a interpretação dos resultados clínicos. Um novo projeto de um sistema duplicador de pulsos foi desenvolvido na Escola Politécnica da USP para estudar próteses de válvulas cardíacas. OBJETIVO: Apresentar a concepção da nova bancada experimental de fluxo pulsátil para ensaios hidrodinâmicos de próteses de válvulas cardíacas e o plano de montagem de um experimento cujo foco é o ensaio de próteses mitrais. MÉTODOS: Sua concepção é baseada na revisão do estado da arte desses estudos e na experiência obtida nas bancadas do sistema circulatório, particularmente aquela usada no Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, em São Paulo, Brasil. RESULTADOS: Neste projeto, um servomotor elétrico controlado por computador emite, por meio de um pistão hidráulico, um pulso para o modelo da câmara do ventrículo esquerdo, onde as válvulas cardíacas são acomodadas. Para caracterizar, no futuro, a operação dinâmica das próteses de válvulas mitrais, foi montado um experimento para proporcionar medições de vazão volumétrica, pressão instantânea e campos de velocidade nessas válvulas. Acessos ópticos estão convenientemente previstos no projeto, tornando possível o uso, no futuro, de um sistema LDA. CONCLUSÕES: A fim de melhorar a análise das tensões hidrodinâmicas e a previsão de hemólise, os resultados experimentais podem ser utilizados para ajustar um modelo numérico usando 'Computational Fluid Dynamics' (CFD).


BACKGROUND: Since most complications related to the operation of prosthetic heart valves is due to disturbances of flow, its hydrodynamic characterization is a useful aid in the design of new prostheses. Simulations of pulsatile flow in cardiac prostheses began nearly 40 years ago, through the development of different mock human circulatory systems, improving the clinical results interpretation. A new design of a pulse duplicator system was developed at Polytechnic School of USP to study prosthetic heart valves. OBJECTIVE: To present the conception of a new mock circulatory system for hydrodynamic simulations of cardiac prosthetic valves and the assembly plan of an experiment whose focus is the test of mitral prosthesis. METHODS: Its conception is based on the state-of-art's review of these studies and the experience got with the previous mock circulatory systems, particularly the one used in the Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. RESULTS: In this design, an electric servomotor controlled by computer emits, through a hydraulic piston, a pulse to the left ventricular chamber model, where the heart valves are accomodated. To characterize, in the future, the dynamic operation of mitral prosthetic valves, an experimental setup was mounted to provide measurements of volumetric flow, instantaneous pressure and velocity fields on these valves. Optical access is conveniently provided on the design, making possible the use, in the future, of a LDA system. CONCLUSIONS: In order to improve the analysis of hydrodynamic shear stress and prediction of haemolysis, the experimental results may be used to regulate a numerical model using 'Computational Fluid Dynamics' (CFD).


Subject(s)
Humans , Heart Valve Prosthesis , Mitral Valve , Models, Cardiovascular , Prosthesis Design , Pulsatile Flow
4.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 22(2): 224-234, abr.-jun. 2007. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-461764

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: O trabalho aborda projeto original relativo à concepção, ao desenvolvimento e à aplicação clínica de bomba sangüínea que associa forças centrífuga e axial de propulsão hidráulica, baseada no princípio de Arquimedes, denominada Bomba Espiral (BE), tendo recebido Patente Nacional e Relatório Preliminar Internacional categorizando-a como invento. MÉTODO: Visa avaliar sua capacidade hidrodinâmica e seu impacto aos elementos figurados do sangue por meio de testes "in vitro", como Eficiência Hidrodinâmica, Hemólise Normalizada e Visibilização de Escoamento, e, nos testes "in vivo" experimentais, feitos em carneiros submetidos a Circulação Extracorpórea (CEC), e clínico, em 43 pacientes submetidos a operações cardíacas com CEC, nas quais o elemento propulsor foi a BE. RESULTADOS: Na dependência da distância entre o rotor e a carcaça (fenda) da bomba pôde-se observar que com 1,5 mm gerou escoamento ao redor de 9 L/min, pressão acima de 400mmHg com 1500 rotações por minuto (rpm), índices de Hemólise Normalizada não superiores a 0,0375 g/100l em condições de alto fluxo e pressão, e pelo estudo de Visibilização do Escoamento no interior da bomba não se detectou áreas de estagnação ou turbulência na entrada, saída e junto à extremidade dos fusos. Nas pesquisas "in vivo" experimentais em ovinos em CEC por 6 horas a BE foi capaz de manter parâmetros pressóricos adequados e Hemoglobina Livre entre 16,36 mg por cento e 44,90 mg por cento. Durante sua aplicação em cirurgias cardíacas com CEC, num grupo de 43 pacientes, pôde-se constatar variações pré e pós-CEC, na Hemoglobina Livre de 9,34 a 44,16 mg por cento, no Fibrinogênio, de 236,65 a 547,26 mg por cento, na contagem do número de Plaquetas de 152,465 a 98,139, Desidrogenase Láctica, de 238,12 a 547,26 mg por cento, com tempo de coagulação ativada ao redor de 800 seg. quando em CEC. CONCLUSÕES: A BE mostrou resolutividade por gerar escoamento e pressão adequados, sem causar danos excessivos...


INTRODUCTION: This paper addresses an original project that encompasses the conception, development and clinical application of a helical bypass pump called the Spiral Pump, that uses the association of centrifugal and axial propulsion forces based de the Archimedes principle. This project has obtained a Brazilian Patent and an International Preliminary Report, defining it as an invention. METHODS: The aim of this work was to evaluate the hemodynamic capacity and the impact of its application on blood cells by means of experimental in vitro tests, including hydrodynamic efficiency, effect on hemolysis and flow visualization. Moreover, in vivo experimental tests were carried out on lambs that were submitted to cardiopulmonary bypass for six hours and in 43 patients submitted to heart bypass surgery using the Spiral Pump. RESULTS: When the rotor-plastic casing gap was 1.5mm, the flow generated was nearly 9 L/min, the pressure was greater than 400 mmHg at 1500 rpm, and the normalized hemolytic indexes were not greater than 0.0375 g/100L in high-flow and pressure conditions. Additionally, by the flow visualization techniques, stagnation was not seen inside the pump nor was turbulence identified at the entrance or exit of the pump, or at the ends of the spindles. In the in vivo tests using cardiopulmonary bypasses for 6 hours in lambs, the pump maintained adequate pressure rates and the free hemoglobin levels ranged between 16.36 mg percent and 44.90 mg percent. Evaluating the results of the 43 patients who used this pump in heart bypass operations we observed that the free hemoglobin ranged from 9.34 mg percent before to 44.16 mg percent after surgery, the serum fibrinogen was from 236.65 mg percent to 547.26mg percent, platelet blood count from 152,465 to 98,139 and the lactic dehydrogenase from 238.12mg percent to 547.26mg percent. The Activated Coagulation Time was close to 800 seconds during the bypass. CONCLUSION: The Spiral Pump was...


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Guinea Pigs , Heart-Assist Devices/classification , Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy , Hemolysis , In Vitro Techniques , Animal Experimentation , Human Experimentation , Hydrodynamics , Flow Mechanics
5.
Rev. colomb. rehabil ; 1(5): 101-111, oct. 2006.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-643444

ABSTRACT

La terapia acuática es muy útil para mejorar la función de las personas en inmersión, porque en el agua los pacientes flotan fácilmente, propiciando mejor movimiento con menor esfuerzo, la resistencia causada por la viscosidad del agua, le ayuda al fortalecimiento muscular; la presión que el fluido ejerce simultáneamente en todo el cuerpo inmerso (presión hidrostática) disminuye el edema, incrementa el gasto cardiaco, aumenta la presión intratoráxica, durante el ejercicio. El agua tibia, aumenta la temperatura del tejido superficial creando un esfuerzo sedativo, reduce la tensión muscular secundaria, favorece el flujo sanguíneo, restaura la oxigenación de los tejidos, y remueve los desechos, mejora la nutrición, disminuye la rigidez y el dolor inducido por la isquemia. Además, acelera las funciones metabólicas de las células, la circulación de la sangre y la linfa. Por esta razón un trabajo efectivo debe incluir actividades que permitan vivenciar los principios físicos de la mecánica de fluidos y técnicas de tratamiento fisioterapéutico.


The acuatic therapy is very useful to improve activity of people in immersion, as patients float easily in the water, producing better movement with less effort, and the resistance caused by the water viscosity helps to strength muscles; the pressure from fluids on the whole body (hydrostatic pressure) decreases edema, increases cardiac output, increases intra thoracic pressure, during exercise. Warm water, increases the temperature of superficial tissue creating a sedative effect, reducing secondary muscular tension, improving blood flow, restoring tissue oxygenation, removing wastes, improving nutrition, decreasing rigidity and pain due to ischemia. Moreover, it speeds up cell metabolic functions, blood and lymph flow. So, an effective work must include activities to experience physical principles of fluids mechanics and physiotherapeutic treatment.


Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Hydrostatic Pressure , Motion , Swimming
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