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Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in foreign students' satisfaction with the quality of dental and medical education considering the impact of the war in Ukraine. The present study was organized in the form of a questionnaire-based survey among 300 foreign students of Medical Faculty and Faculty of Dentistry in Ukraine. The questionnaire was ad mistered via Google form in a multiple-choice, closed-ended format. Students' satisfaction with environment safety and comfort (p < 0.05) and with the collaborative learning offered (p < 0.05) statistically decreased during the war. Sixty percent of the variability in the mean of students' satisfaction with the quality of education during the war could be explained by the satisfaction rate before the war. The need of migration from Ukraine had a stronger inverse correlation with education quality (r = -0.58) than the fact of the war itself (r = -0.32). The war in Ukraine has had a negative impact on the educational process of foreign medical and dental students, even though the quality of education was considered by students to be as high as before and during the war. The personal effort of professors, the quality of study materials, and adequate technical support could potentially overcome the negative impact of the war on student satisfaction with the quality of medical and dental education by the online mode, if the academic medium could be protected from the direct impact of the war or if the influence of the war within the university community could be minimized.
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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the flow of professionals and the financial impact of the Programa Mais Médicos para o Brasil (PMMB - More Doctors for Brazil Program) within the More Doctors Program (MDP) for the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the participating municipalities of the state of São Paulo, from January 2019 to March 2022. METHODS A financial impact study was conducted in the state of São Paulo based on public secondary databases. The number of PMMB vacancies per municipality, of physicians and vulnerability profiles were described to measure the loss of replacement of professionals in the period. RESULTS In the specified period, the number of PMMB physicians in participating cities will decrease from 2,533 to 320, and the number of participating municipalities from 373 to 86. The municipalities that will need to replace the physicians will have a financial impact of R$ 929,487,904.77 (with sensitivity analysis, ranging from R$ 650,641,533.34 to R$ 1,208,334,276.20). CONCLUSION The change of vulnerability methodology adopted for the PMMB will represent serious consequences, that is, less population assistance and high financial impact for the municipalities of the state of São Paulo in a scenario of budget limitations.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Calcular o fluxo de profissionais e o impacto financeiro do Projeto Mais Médicos para o Brasil (PMMB), dentro do Programa Mais Médicos (PMM), para o Ministério da Saúde e os municípios do estado de São Paulo aderentes, no período de janeiro de 2019 a março de 2022. MÉTODOS Realizou-se estudo de impacto financeiro a partir de bases de dados secundários públicos do estado de São Paulo. O número de vagas do PMMB por município, de médicos do projeto e os perfis de vulnerabilidade foram descritos para dimensionar a perda de reposição de profissionais no período. RESULTADOS No intervalo de tempo especificado, o número de médicos do PMMB em cidades a ele aderentes passará de 2.533 para 320, e o número de municípios participantes de 373 para 86. O impacto orçamentário para os municípios que necessitarão repor médicos será de R$ 929.487.904,77 (com análise de sensibilidade variando de R$ 650.641.533,34 a R$ 1.208.334.276,20). CONCLUSÃO A mudança de metodologia da vulnerabilidade adotada para o PMMB trará sérias consequências, ou seja, desassistência da população e alto impacto financeiro para os municípios do estado de São Paulo em um cenário de limitações orçamentárias.
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Humans , Physicians/supply & distribution , Education, Medical/economics , Brazil , Program Evaluation , CitiesABSTRACT
RESUMO Pesquisa documental qualiquantitativa que analisa o processo legislativo e atos normativos do Programa Mais Médicos. O estudo categoriza 575 emendas apresentadas e as alterações na Medida Provisória. Evidencia o conjunto dos interesses e disputas envolvidos no processo, seja aperfeiçoando ou desvirtuando. Ressalta os confrontos nas emendas que atendem a interesses corporativos e aquelas aliadas ao princípio constitucional da universalidade, resultando em mudanças principalmente no Capítulo da Formação Médica. Conclui que a polêmica e o acirramento entre posições ideológicas não comprometeram a iniciativa governamental de diminuir a carência de médicos e fixá-los em áreas prioritárias do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).
ABSTRACT Qualitative-quantitative documentary research, which aimed to analyze the Mais Médicos (More Doctors) Program legislative process and normative acts. The study categorizes the 575 amendments submitted and the changes in the Provisional Measure. It shows the set of interests and disputes involved in the process, resulting in changes mainly in the Medical Education Chapter. It highlights the clashes in the amendments that serve corporate interests and those allied to the constitutional principle of universal health. It concludes that the controversy, interests and dispute among ideological positions did not compromise the governmental initiative to reduce the shortage of doctors for the Public Health System (SUS).
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PURPOSE: United States (US) and Canadian citizens attending medical school abroad often desire to return to the US for residency, and therefore must pass US licensing exams. We describe a 2-day United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) step 2 clinical skills (CS) preparation course for students in the Technion American Medical School program (Haifa, Israel) between 2012 and 2016. METHODS: Students completed pre- and post-course questionnaires. The paired t-test was used to measure students' perceptions of knowledge, preparation, confidence, and competence in CS pre- and post-course. To test for differences by gender or country of birth, analysis of variance was used. We compared USMLE step 2 CS pass rates between the 5 years prior to the course and the 5 years during which the course was offered. RESULTS: Ninety students took the course between 2012 and 2016. Course evaluations began in 2013. Seventy-three students agreed to participate in the evaluation, and 64 completed the pre- and post-course surveys. Of the 64 students, 58% were US-born and 53% were male. Students reported statistically significant improvements in confidence and competence in all areas. No differences were found by gender or country of origin. The average pass rate for the 5 years prior to the course was 82%, and the average pass rate for the 5 years of the course was 89%. CONCLUSION: A CS course delivered at an international medical school may help to close the gap between the pass rates of US and international medical graduates on a high-stakes licensing exam. More experience is needed to determine if this model is replicable.
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Humans , Male , Clinical Competence , Curriculum , Educational Measurement , Foreign Medical Graduates , Internship and Residency , Licensure , Mental Competency , Parturition , Schools, Medical , United StatesABSTRACT
RESUMO Este artigo se originou da experiência de participação em um Módulo de Acolhimento e Avaliação de Médicos Intercambistas do Programa Mais Médicos, no Brasil. Tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir aspectos relativos aos conteúdos e práticas pedagógicas utilizadas em sala de aula, para, em um sentido mais amplo, fomentar as discussões acerca da formação médica brasileira, seja com profissionais brasileiros ou não. Ao final do processo de formação, percebeu-se um descompasso entre as ações pedagógicas realizadas nesse módulo e o que é preconizado pelas políticas públicas brasileiras no campo da formação profissional em saúde.
ABSTRACT This article is based on the authors’ participation in the organization of the Foreign Doctors’ Welcome and Evaluation Module as part of the Programa Mais Médicos [More Doctors Program] in Brazil. The aim is to present and discuss several aspects of contents and pedagogical practices used in the classroom in order to foster wider debate on Brazilian medical education (whether with Brazilian professionals or not). At the end of the degree process, a discrepancy was noted between the pedagogical initiatives undertaken as part of the module and that which is recommended by Brazilian public policies for professional healthcare training.
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Humans , Health Human Resource Evaluation , Education, Medical, Continuing , Brazil , Public Health , Professional Training , Foreign Medical GraduatesABSTRACT
Resumo A partir da implantação de uma estratégia programática governamental, o Programa Mais Médicos (PMM), tem ocorrido a inserção e o incremento da ocupação e atividade profissional médica em serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) em todo o país. Considerada tal iniciativa, que resultados de curto prazo podem ser identificados e comparados entre agregados de municípios do Rio Grande do Sul? O artigo apresenta um estudo de caso-controle de agregados municipais, a partir de dados de fontes secundárias, com propósito exploratório e análise descritiva de um conjunto selecionado de indicadores correlatos aos serviços de APS. Observou-se o incremento de indicadores estruturais nos agregados de municípios com implantação do PMM. Para os indicadores de resultados selecionados, observou-se discreto incremento na produção de serviços nos agregados com PMM, contudo, não foram identificadas diferenças de impactos entre os agregados casos e controles. Estes resultados podem ter sido influenciados pelo exíguo tempo decorrido desde a implantação do PMM, por subnotificações de registro médicos no cadastro de estabelecimentos de saúde (CNES), além da predominância de caráter substitutivo de ocupações médicas nos municípios selecionados para o estudo e com PMM implantado.
Abstract The Mais Médicos (More Doctors) Program has led to an increase in the number of doctors and medical treatment in primary health care services across Brazil. This article presents the results of a case-control study of groups of municipalities based on secondary data sources. It aims to explore and discuss a set of indicators of primary health care service delivery. An improvement in performance against structural indicators was observed in municipalities where the program was implemented. With respect to the outcome indicators, a slight improvement in service delivery was observed in municipalities where the program was implemented. However, no difference was observed in impacts between the case and control municipalities. These results may have been influenced by the fact that the program has only been underway for a limited time, by underreporting of doctors by the National Health Facilities Register (CNES, acronym in Portuguese), and the predominantly substitutive nature of the allocation of medical professionals under the program in the selected municipalities.
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Humans , Physicians/supply & distribution , Delivery of Health Care , Government Programs , Brazil , Program Evaluation , Urban HealthABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Although there have been studies emphasizing the re-education of North Korean (NK) doctors for post-unification of the Korean Peninsula, study on the content and scope of such re-education has yet to be conducted. Researchers intended to set the content and scope of re-education by a comparative analysis for the scores of the preliminary examination, which is comparable to the Korean Medical Licensing Examination (KMLE). METHODS: The scores of the first and second preliminary exams were analyzed by subject using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The passing status of the group of NK doctors for KMLE in recent 3 years were investigated. The multiple-choice-question (MCQ) items of which difficulty indexes of NK doctors were lower than those of South Korean (SK) medical students by two times of the standard deviation of the scores of SK medical students were selected to investigate the relevant reasons. RESULTS: The average scores of nearly all subjects were improved in the second exam compared with the first exam. The passing rate of the group of NK doctors was 75%. The number of MCQ items of which difficulty indexes of NK doctors were lower than those of SK medical students was 51 (6.38%). NK doctors' lack of understandings for Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures, Therapeutics, Prenatal Care, and Managed Care Programs was suggested as the possible reason CONCLUSION: The education of integrated courses focusing on Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures and Therapeutics, and apprenticeship-style training for clinical practice of core subjects are needed. Special lectures on the Preventive Medicine are likely to be required also.
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Humans , Clinical Competence , Democratic People's Republic of Korea , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Education , Foreign Medical Graduates , Lecture , Licensure , Managed Care Programs , Prenatal Care , Preventive Medicine , Refugees , Students, MedicalABSTRACT
Quais os impactos de curto prazo ocorridos a partir dos ciclos iniciais de implantação do Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) em municípios do Rio Grande do Sul? Essa dissertação versa um sobre subtipo de ensaio comunitário acerca da problemática em questão, com estudo agregado com múltiplos grupos, longitudinal em série temporal retrospectiva, a partir de dados de fontes secundárias, com análise descritiva de propósito exploratório. Trata-se de 10 grupos conformados por agregados de municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, selecionados e estratificados em 5 faixas populacionais, estando pareados pela condição de implantação e não implantação do PMM. Realizou-se análise comparativa e descritiva de um conjunto selecionado de indicadores correlatos aos serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). De um modo geral, observou-se o incremento de indicadores de estrutura nos agregados de municípios com implantação do PMM, notadamente nos agregados com faixas de menores populações. Em termos de indicadores de resultados observou-se discreto incremento na produção de serviços nos agregados com implantação do PMM, contudo, não foram identificadas diferenças significativas de internações por causas sensíveis e de outros indicadores de impacto próprios da APS. As hipóteses mais plausíveis para explicar os achados estão referidas ao exíguo tempo decorrido entre a implantação do PMM e a realização do estudo, além da constatação de que nos ciclos iniciais de implantação do programa houve predominância de caráter substitutivo de trabalho profissional médico nos municípios selecionados para o estudo.
What are the short-term impacts occurred in the early cycles implementation of the "More Doctors Program" (PMM) in municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul? This research focuses on one community trial subtype, added to multiple groups, in longitudinal retrospective time series, based on data from secondary sources, with descriptive analysis of exploratory purpose. It is conformed by 10 groups clusters of municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul, selected and stratified into five population groups, being matched by the deployment condition and not implementation of PMM. We carried out comparative and descriptive analysis of a selected set of indicators related to the services of Primary Health Care (PHC).In general, there was the structure of indicators of growth in clusters of municipalities with implementation of PMM, especially in conglomerates with smaller populations tracks. In terms of outcome indicators showed a slight increase in the production of services in conglomerates with implementation of PMM, however, significant differences in hospital admissions were identified by sensitive causes and other APS's own impact indicators. The most plausible hypotheses to explain the findings are referred to the narrow time between the implementation of the PMM and the study, besides the fact that in the early cycles of program implementation was substitute character predominance of medical professional working in selected municipalities to the study.
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Humans , Primary Health Care/standards , Program Development/standards , Foreign Medical Graduates/supply & distribution , National Health Programs/organization & administration , Unified Health System/standards , Brazil , National Health StrategiesABSTRACT
・We visited the National Board of Medical Examiners and the Clinical Skills Evaluation Collaboration Center to discuss with the examiners the present state of the USMLE （United States Medical Licensing Examination）, to which clinical skills evaluation has been introduced.<br>・Evidence that the introduction of clinical skills evaluation to the USMLE has affected the reform of medical schools curricula in the United States supports the necessity of introducing clinical skills evaluation to the Medical Board Examination of Japan.