ABSTRACT
Background: Fluorosis is an important public health problem in India. Fluoride ions can interact with iodide which can leads to abnormal thyroid function.Methods: The present descriptive, community based study was conducted over a period of 1 year and 6 months in the endemic and non-endemic areas of Bankura district with the sample size of 200. High serum fluoride level (≥0.02 mg/L) was also noted in fluorosis endemic areas (39%) with respect to non-endemic areas (3%). Thyroid profiles were investigated among the participants.Results: Hypothyroidism was found to be higher in proportion in endemic regions (34%) with respect to non-endemic regions (20%). The levels of serum TSH, fT4 and fluoride in endemic areas were correlated significantly with non-endemic areas. Fluoride level was found to be in significant positive correlation with TSH level and in negative significant correlation with fT4 and fT3.Conclusions: High fluoride level could produce hypofunctioning of thyroid gland and so hypothyroidism was found to be higher in proportion in fluorosis endemic areas in respect to non-endemic areas.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder characterized by decreased levels of thyroid hormones. Anti-thyroperoxidase antibody is produced in autoimmune thyroiditis which inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Aims & Objectives: The study was planned to explore the significance of anti-TPO antibody in hypothyroid patients. Materials and Methods: 150 newly diagnosed patients, age 20-60 years were enrolled for the study. Patients were divided on the basis of antiTPO levels as anti-TPO positive(n=87) anti-TPO negative (n=63).Thyroid hormones viz. serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were compared between the two groups. Results: Mean serum TSH level was significantly higher in anti-TPO positive group. Mean serum T3 & T4 levels were comparable (P= NS) among the two groups whereas FT3 (P= 0.014) and FT4 (P= 0.003) were significantly lower in the anti-TPO positive group. Conclusion: Serum FT3 & FT4 represent the biologically active proportion of thyroid hormones. The present study suggests that lower FT3 & FT4 levels can better correlate with anti-TPO activity in patients of hypothyroidism
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Among the endocrine disorders, Hypothyroidism is now believed to be the worldwide problem next to Diabetes. Aims: This study was carried out to ascertain the prevalence and pattern of Hypothyroidism. Methods: This prospective, epidemiological study was conducted in patients aged ≥20 years suspicion of thyroid disorders at a tertiary care teaching hospital from Jan 2012 to Dec 2013 in Bhuj, Gujrat. Thyroid abnormalities were diagnosed on the basis of laboratory results (serum FT3, FT4 and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone [TSH]). Results: Out of 425 patients enrolled in our study, only 345 patients completed left. Out of the 345 analysable subjects, Female [n=217 (62.89%)] predominance is seen. Around n=72 cases were confirmed having thyroid abnormalities, Out of n=72 cases, only n=32 (9.27%) participants were found to have Hypothyroidism, Subclinical hypothyroidism was detected in n=28(8.11%) cases. Only n=12 (3.47%) cases had signs and symptoms of Clinical hyperthyroidism. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypothyroidism was high, affecting approximately 9.27% study population. Hypothyroidism is found to have close association with Female gender and older age. Iodine intake ceases to be the sole etiological contender for thyroid disorders in urban areas.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study was conducted to know the status of thyroid disorder in people of far western region of Nepal. Methods: A total of 808 cases, out of which 133 male and 675 female were included and study was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in the Department of Biochemistry of the Nepalgunj Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal, between 1st January, 2011 and 28th February, 2012. The variables collected were age, sex, and thyroid function profile including free T3, free T4 and TSH. The data was analyzed using Excel 2003, R 2.8.0 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows Version 16.0 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA) and the EPI Info 3.5.1 Windows Version. Results: The percentage of thyroid disorders was 33.66% in people of far western region of Nepal. The people were highly affected by overt hyperthyroidism (14.9%) followed by subclinical hyperthyroidism (9.9%). The subclinical hypothyroidism was 7.9% while 1% overt hypothyroidism only. Serum fT3, fT4 and TSH level were significantly different in male and females. Similarly, fT3, fT4 and TSH levels show statistically significant differences in different thyroid disorders. The fT3 and fT4 level in overt hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism showed statistically significant differences when compared with euthyroidism group. Likewise, TSH level also shows statistically significant in all the thyroid disorders when compared with euthyroidism group. The fT3 and fT4 levels were statistically insignificant in all the age groups whereas TSH level showed statistically significant different in all the age groups. The fT3 and fT4 level in 21-40 years showed statistically significant when compared with serum level of fT3 and fT4 of 0-20 years. Similarly, serum level of TSH in 21-40 and 41-60 years also showed statistically significant when compared with serum level of TSH of 0-20 years. Conclusion: The people residing in far western region have risk for thyroid disorders. They were suffering with thyroid disorder, especially overt hyperthyroidism (14.9%) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (9.9%). Further studies are required to characterize the reasons for this high prevalence of overt hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism.