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Objective: To explore the feasibility of rhubarb being processed into fixed size decoction pieces. Methods: Firstly, fresh raw rhubarb was cleaned, and the skin was scraped off. Secondly, it was longitudinally cut up into 5 mm slices, then length × width = 8 mm × 8 mm fixed size decoction pieces. Thirdly, it was put into the automatic constant temperature blower box, and the drying temperature was set at 45 ℃ for 8 h; The fixed size decoction pieces were obtained after quality verification. In order to evaluate its quality stability, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was used to determine total free anthraquinone derivatives, sennoside A, and sennoside B in rhubarb before and after 1 year. Its quality security, quantitative determination of aflatoxin, pesticide residues, and heavy metal residues in rhubarb were evaluated. Weighing error range was used to evaluate the weighing precision of different rhubarb decoction pieces. Decoction dissolution curve of sennoside A within 10 minutes was used to evaluate its decoction compliance property and explore the feasibility of processing into different processed products. Results: The Results: showed that it was feasible for raw rhubarb to become the fixed size decoction pieces. After the fresh processing, the conservation ratios of total free anthraquinones, sennoside A, and sennoside B were 96.92%, 93.27%, and 91.67%, respectively. The conservation ratios of total free anthraquinones, sennoside A, and sennoside B were 90.47%, 86.59%, and 81.82% after 1 year in the room temperature environment, which indicated that the conservation ratio of these bioactive ingredients were higher. No pesticide residues were detected in the fixed size decoction pieces of raw rhubarb, and no heavy metals were found to exceed the prescribed limits. The RSD value of continuous weighing six times for the fixed size raw rhubarb decoction pieces was 0.62%, while the RSD value of conventional raw rhubarb decoction pieces was 8.56%. The box-plot showed that the weighing error of the fixed size raw rhubarb decoction pieces was minimal. Compared with conventional rhubarb decoction pieces, sennoside A in the fixed size raw rhubarb decoction pieces has the characteristics of rapid dissolution and high dissolution rate. The fixed size raw rhubarb decoction pieces could be processed into wine-treated rhubarb, ripe rhubarb, and rhubarb charcoal. Conclusion: All Results: show that it has processing feasibility of fresh raw rhubarb, and it can avoid mildew phenomenon, can reduce the loss of active ingredients, shorten the production cycle, enhance the accuracy of the weighing, and is conducive to the quality maintain stable. These fixed size rhubarb decoction pieces have advantage of good quality genuine characteristic, superior quality stability, predominant size uniformity, and it has the good weighing accuracy and feasibility of processing to different rhubarb processed products.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the contents determination and cluster analysis of free and combined anthra-quinone of aloe emodin,rhein,emodin,rhubarb phenol and physcion in commercially available Yiqing granule from different man-ufacturers. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Eclipse plus C18 with mobile phase of methanol-0.1%Phosphoricac-id solution (gradient elution) at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 254 nm,the column temperature was 25 ℃,and the injection volume was 20 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.001 6-0.128 0 μg for aloe emodin(r=0.999 9), 0.003 4-0.273 6 μg for rhein(r=0.999 9),0.003 7-0.299 2 μg for emodin(r=0.999 9),0.006 7-0.536 0 μg for rhubarb phenol (r=0.999 9)and 0.001 7-0.134 4 μg(r=0.999 9)for physcion;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 3%;recoveries were 97.77%-101.47%(RSD=1.30%,n=6),98.09%-100.26%(RSD=0.76%,n=6),96.42%-100.38%(RSD=1.58%,n=6),96.63%-102.50%(RSD=2.17%,n=6) and 97.10%-103.70%(RSD=2.47%,n=6),respectively;the content range of total anthraquinone was 0.042-0.218 mg/g, 0.029-0.448 mg/g, 0.022-0.167 mg/g, 0.032-0.284 mg/g and 0.006-0.060 mg/g,combined anthraquinone was 0.010-0.111 mg/g,0.013-0.092 mg/g,0.011-0.097 mg/g,0.030-0.246 mg/g and 0.001-0.034 mg/g,and free anthraquinone was 0.022 3-0.143 mg/g,0.015-0.356 mg/g,0.008-0.071 mg/g,0.006-0.075 mg/g and 0.003-0.032 mg/g. Cluster analysis showed there were 4 batches belonged to Category 1,2 batches belonged to Category 2 and 4 batches belonged to Category 3 for the total anthraquinone in 5 components;4 bathes belonged to Category 1,2 batches belonged to Category 2 and 4 batches belonged to Category 3 for the combined anthraquinone;and 6 bathes belonged to Category 1 and 4 batches belonged to Category 2 for the free anthraquinone. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple and accurate,and can provide reference for improving the quality and diarrhea efficacy control of Yiqing granule;there were great differences in Rheum palma-tum and combined anthraquinone from different manufacturers.
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Aim To study the effects of Free Anthra-quinone from Rhubarb (FAR)on myocardial CTGF and collagen expression and interstitial fibrosis in dia-betic rats.Methods The male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group (CON),diabetic cardiomy-opathy group (DCM) and FAR treatment group (FAR).Streptozocin was intraperitoneally injected in-to the animals in the latter 2 groups to induce diabetic rat model.The model was expected to be stable for 2 weeks before the treatment.At the end of the 8th week in treatment,fasting plasma glucose and heart mass in-dex were measured.Masson staining was used to ob-serve the myocardial fibrosis.RT-PCR was used to de-tect the mRNA levels of CTGF,procollagen type Ⅰand collagen type Ⅲ.Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the content of CTGF.ELISA was used to detect the depositions of collagen type I and collagen type Ⅲ. Results Compared with CON group,fasting plasma glucose,heart mass index,the degree of myocardial fibrosis,and the expressions of CTGF,collagen type I and collagen type Ⅲ in left ven-tricular myocardial tissue of DCM group were signifi-cantly increased. However, compared with DCM group,fasting plasma glucose,heart mass index,the degree of myocardial fibrosis,and the expressions of CTGF,collagen type I and collagen type Ⅲ in left ven-tricular myocardial tissue of FAR-treated rats were sig-nificantly decreased.Conclusion FAR retards the process of myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rats by down-regulating the expression of CTGF,reducing the syn-thesis and depositions of collagen type I and collagen type Ⅲ.
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Objective: To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of five free anthraquinones (aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion), four bound anthraquinones (aloe-emodin-8-O-glucopyranoside, emodin-1-glucoside, chrysophanol-1-glucoside, and emodin-8-glucoside), gallic acid, and catechin in Rhei Radix et Rhizome. Methods: The analysis was achieved with a Symmetry C18 column by gradient elution of methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid in water at 30 ℃. The flow rate was 1 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. Results: The calibration curves of all eleven constituents showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.999 5) in a relatively wide concentration range. The linear ranges of gallic acid, catechin, aloe-emodin-8-O- glucopyranoside, emodin-1-O-glucoside, chrysophanol-1-O-glucoside, emodin-8-O-glucoside, aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion were 0.062 4-1.560 0, 0.180 0-4.500 0, 0.041 2-1.030 0, 0.030 6-0.765 0, 0.0510 0-1.275 0, 0.028 8-0.720 0, 0.019 8-0.495 0, 0.050 5-1.262 5, 0.063 7-1.592 5, 0.098 0-2.450 0, and 0.163 0-4.075 0 μg (r ≥ 0.999 5), respectively. The mean recovery of these eleven components was 95.37%-98.93%, RSD < 2.36%. Conclusion: This method is simple, accurate, and specific, and can be used for the determination of eleven constituents in Rhei Radix et Rhizome.
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A yeast strain KM12 , which can convert conjugated anthraquinone of rhub arb to free anthraquinone , was screened. And it is identified as Kluyveromyces marxianus by 26S rDNA. The percentage of free an-thraquinone in total anthraquinone of rhub arb as an indicator was used to investigate the effect of culture medium component and fermentation processing conditions, such as seed age, fermentation time and liquid volume on con-version of conjugated anthraquinone by KM12. The optimal fermentation medium was determined by orthogonal test L9(43) and the composition (%) is yeast extract 1, glucose 2, and rhubarb 2. The 5% (V/V) of the seed culture inoculated 36-48 h was inoculumed to fermentation medium in shake flask to ferment at 30℃, 200 r?min-1 for 4 days. TLC analysis showed most of conjugated anthraquinone decomposed or converted into free anthraquinone in fermented rhub arb . It was concluded that the side effect of severe diarrhea caused by Chinese medicine rhub arb can be alleviated through fermentation processing by KM12 strain .
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[Objective]To determine the relation between the total count of the five free anthraquinone(A loe-emodin,Rhein,Emodin,Chrysophanol,Physcion) in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and the decoction time.[Method]HPLC was used with the chromatographic conditions as follows:mobile phase:methanol-0.1% phosphonic acid solution = 85 :15,detection wave length:254nm,flow rate:1.0 ml/min,column temperature:room temperature.The count of the five free anthraquinone in the decoction taken in every 2 minutes after the solution boiled was determined.[Results]During the 22 minutes after the solution was boiled,the total count took on a ascending tendency,afterwards,it took on a descending tendency.[Conclusion]The biggest number of the total count was obtained 20min after the solution was boiled.
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Object To study the condition of Wenpi Decoction (WPD) with being decocted first and later added medicinal materials. Methods Contents of aconitine and free anthraquinone in WPD were determined by HPCE. Results Aconitine could reach the safe limit after Radix Aconiti Preparata being decocted 30 min first and the content of free anthraquinone was the highest after Radix et Rhizomea Rhei being decocted 10 min later. Conclusion Radix Aconiti Preparata should be decocted first and Radix et Rhizomea Rhei should be decocted later in WPD.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for determination of anthraquinone free derivatives from Chinese herbal in dog serum METHODS:With Hypersil BDS C18 column,the mobile phase was methanol-0 5% acetic acid(80∶20) The sample was extracted with methanol and dried at room temperature The residue was reconstituted by methanol and analyzed at 430nm RESULTS:The five components can be separated well The linear ranges were Aloe-emodin(0 15～6 0?g/ml,r=0 9 996) Rhein(0 14～5 6?g/ml,r=0 9 982);Emodin(0 13～5 2?g/ml,r=0 9 990);Chrysophanol(0 2～8 0?g/ml,r=0 9 991);Physcion(0 1～4 0?g/ml,r=0 9 994) CONCLUSION:This method can provide the basis for vivo analysis of anthraquinone free derivatives and bioavailability study of Rheum palmatum preparations