Consumo de frutas y verduras y su relación con la imagen corporal deseada en adolescentes cubanos, 2018 / Consumption of fruit and vegetables and their relationship with the desired body image in cuban teenagers, 2018

Resumen Objetivo: relacionar la imagen corporal deseada con la frecuencia de consumo de frutas y verduras en una muestra de adolescentes de San Cristóbal, Artemisa. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico y transversal con 365 adolescentes de 12 a 19 años, seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio simple. Se aplicó el test de Siluetas Corporales y Frecuencia Semi-cuantitativa de Consumo para frutas y verduras. Se determinó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman, con IBM SPSS.21. Se estableció significancia por debajo de 0,05. Resultados: El 52,3% tenía exceso de peso corporal (sobrepeso u obesidad), 31,5% correspondía al género femenino. Las féminas se percibieron con exceso de peso (81,7%) y desearon imágenes de peso adecuado (72,8%). Los varones se percibieron con peso adecuado (50%) y delgadez leve (40,2%), y desearon imágenes dentro de la delgadez (90,2%). El mayor consumo de frutas y verduras se situó de 2 a 3 días a la semana. La correlación entre la imagen corporal deseada y el consumo de frutas y verduras fue significativa para las verduras (r s=-0,533, p=0,013) no así para las frutas (r s=0,186, p=0,420). Conclusiones: Una imagen corporal deseada dentro de categorías de IMC que tienden a la delgadez se asocia moderadamente con un mayor consumo de verduras, no así de frutas, lo cual puede estar influenciado por el bajo consumo en la muestra estudiada.

Abstract Objective: was to relate the desired body image with the frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption in a sample of adolescents from San Cristóbal, Artemisa. Material and Methods: An analytical and transversal observational study was carried out, with 365 adolescents from 12 to 19 years old, selected by simple random sampling. Body Silhouettes Test and Semi-quantitative Consumption Frequency for fruits and vegetables were applied. The Spearman correlation coefficient was determined with IBM SPSS.21. Significance was established below 0.05. Results: 52.3% had excess body weight (overweight or obesity), 31.5% corresponded to the female gender. Females were perceived as overweight (81.7%), and they wanted images of adequate weight (72.8%). Males were perceived with adequate weight (50%) and slight thinness (40.2%), and they wanted images within the thinness (90.2%). The highest consumption of fruits and vegetables was 2 to 3 days after week. The correlation between the desired body image and fruit and vegetable consumption was significant for vegetables (rs = -0.533, p = 0.013), but not for fruits (rs = 0.186, p = 0.420). Conclusions: A desired body image within BMI categories that tend to thinness is moderately associated with a higher consumption of vegetables, but not fruit, which may be influenced by the low consumption in the sample studied.

Growth kinetics of Escherichia coli O157: H7 on the epicarp of fresh vegetables and fruits

ABSTRACT Despite the increasing reports on the incidence of fresh vegetables and fruits as a possible vehicle for human pathogens, there is currently limited knowledge on the growth potential of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on different plant substrates. This study analyzed the selective adhesion and growth of E. coli O157:H7 on chili habanero (Capsicum chinense L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), radish (Raphanus sativus), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris), and onion (Allium cepa L.) under laboratory conditions. The Gompertz parameters were used to determine the growth kinetics. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize the adhesion of E. coli O157:H7 on the epicarp of the samples. Predictive models were constructed to compare the growth of E. coli O157:H7 on the samples with different intrinsic factors and to demonstrate the low selectivity of the pathogen. No significant difference was observed in the lag-phase duration (LPD), generation time (GT), and exponential growth rate (EGR) of the pathogen adhered to the samples. The interaction between the microorganism and the substrate was less supportive to the growth of E. coli O157:H7 for onion, whereas for tomato and cucumber, the time for the microorganism to attain the maximum growth rate (M) was significantly longer than that recorded for other samples.

Consumo de frutas e hortaliças: o indivíduo e o ambiente

Introdução: as escolhas alimentares são complexas e mais bem compreendidas quandoreconhecidos os fatores que a influenciam em diferentes níveis, como o indivíduo e oambiente. Apesar do crescente interesse sobre a contribuição do ambiente para oconsumo de alimentos, os estudos ainda são pontuais, os resultados inconsistentes e asevidências restritas aos países de renda alta. Objetivo: Identificar o consumo de frutas ehortaliças (FH) e os fatores individuais e ambientais associados a este consumo entreusuários do Programa Academia da Saúde (PAS) de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais.Métodos: Este trabalho será apresentado em três artigos, um estudo ecológico e doistransversais. No estudo ecológico objetivou-se realizar análise exploratória dascaracterísticas do ambiente e a sua relação com o consumo de FH. Nos estudostransversais objetivou-se identificar a associação entre habilidades individuais e oambiente alimentar percebido com o consumo de FH; e investigar os fatores individuais,familiares e ambientais associados a este consumo. O estudo foi realizado com todos osusuários com 20 anos ou mais, em 18 polos do PAS amostrados por amostragem deconglomerado simples, estratificada pelas nove regiões administrativas do município. Acoleta de dados constituiu de entrevistas com os usuários dos polos do PAS (domínioindividual e familiar) e auditoria em estabelecimentos de FH contidos em buffers comraios de 1.600 metros ao redor dos polos amostrados (domínio ambiental). Os dadosindividuais investigados foram: variáveis biológicas, socioeconômicas (sexo, idade,estado civil, renda, ocupação e educação) e comportamentais (estágio de mudança,autoeficácia, equilíbrio decisão; e habilidades individuais - respostas a frases, em escalalikert, relacionadas a tempo, custo/acessibilidade e habilidade de preparar FH). Paraavaliar o ambiente alimentar, contemplou-se variáveis do ambiente alimentar familiar(segurança alimentar do domicilio)...

Introduction: food choices are complex and better understood when the influences offactors at various levels are recognized, such as the individual and environment. Despitethe growing interest in the contribution of environment to food consumption, findingsare still inconsistent and the evidence is restricted to high-income countries. Objective:To identify fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and the individual and environmental factorsassociated with this consumption among users of the Health Academy Program (HAP)of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Methods: This thesis will be presented in threearticles, one ecological study and two cross-sectional studies. In the ecological study thepurpose was to perform an exploratory analysis of the environmental conditions andtheir relationship with FV intake. The cross-sectional studies aimed to identify theassociation between individual ability and the perceived food environment with FVconsumption; and to examine the individual, family and environmental factorsassociated with this consumption. The study was conducted with all users aged 20 yearsor older from HAP centres sampled via stratified cluster sampling, stratified by the nineadministrative districts of the municipality. Data collection included face-to-faceinterviews with users of HAP centres (individual and family domain), as well as FVstore audits (environmental domain) contained within 1,600 m buffer zones at HAPsites. The individual data investigated were: biological and socioeconomic variables(sex, age, marital status, income, occupation and education) and psychosocial variables(stage of change, self-efficacy, decisional balance; and individual ability - answers toitems on likert scale regarding perceived affordability, time and preparation skills). Inorder to evaluate food environment, we measured variables from home foodenvironment (household food security),...

Educational attainment and differences in fruit and vegetable consumption among middle-aged adults in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV

We investigated whether socioeconomic differences affect fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption with respect to total intake and intake of various FV subgroups. Our study included 6667 adults aged 40-64 years who completed a dietary survey in the fourth Korean NHANES (2007-2009). FV intake was estimated from 24-hour recalls and food frequency questionnaires. Differences in FV consumption related to educational attainment were analyzed according to different nutritional categories of FV. Both men and women in the low-education group had the lowest intake of total FV and total fruits, and women also had the lowest intake of total vegetables. Also lowest in this group was consumption of mushrooms and vegetables (excluding kimchi) among men, and cruciferous and allium vegetables (excluding Chinese cabbage and radish) among women, while kimchi consumption was the highest in this group. Additionally, an association between educational level and intake of citrus fruits was evident among men. Adults in the low-education group consumed less carotene-rich FV, red fruit and/or vegetables, and dark-green leafy vegetables, fewer total vegetable dishes, and fewer types of fruit than in other groups. Men in this group had the lowest intake of yellow/orange fruit and/or vegetables, and women consumed the least folate-rich FV. There is a clear association between educational attainment and FV intake with regard to total intake, and to specific nutrients, bioactive compounds, colors, and variety.

Etapas del cambio, motivaciones y barreras relacionadas con el consumo de frutas y verduras y la actividad física en madres de preescolares atendidas en centros de atención primaria de salud / Stages of change, motivations and barriers related to the consumption of fruits and vegetables and physical activity in mothers of preschool children attending primary health centers

In order to design effective interventions for the prevention of childhood obesity the stages of change, motivations and barriers related to the consumption of five daily portions of fruit and vegetables and physical activity were determined in 323 mothers of preschool children attending Primary Health Centers, through the application of a previously validated survey. Only 5% of them consumed 5 or more portions with the majority (61.3%) consuming 1 to 2 portions. The main motivations to eat 5 portions were "I like them" and "to lose weight" while the main barrier was "I forget to eat them". With respect to physical activity, 33.1% considered themselves on the maintenance stage and 18.9% on the action stage. Main motivations were: "Makes me feel good", "To lose weight". Main barrier: "I don't have time". It is suggested that educational interventions consider the mother attitudes and beliefs to be more effective.

Con el fin de diseñar intervenciones efectivas que contribuyan a prevenir la obesidad infantil, se determinaron las etapas del cambio de la conducta, las motivaciones y barreras para consumir 5 porciones diarias de frutas y verduras y realizar actividad física en 323 madres de preescolares atendidas en Centros de Atención Primaria de Salud, mediante la aplicación de una encuesta validada en estudios previos. Sólo el 5% de ellas consumía 5 o más porciones diarias, la mayoría consumía 1 a 2 porciones (61,3%). Las principales motivaciones para comer 5 porciones fueron: "me gustan" y "para perder peso". La principal barrera "se me olvida comerlas". En la actividad física, el 33,1% indicó encontrarse en la etapa de mantenimiento y el 18,9% en acción. Las principales motivaciones: "me hace sentir bien" y "para perder peso". La principal barrera: "no tengo tiempo". Se sugiere que las intervenciones educativas consideren las actitudes y creencias de las madres, para ser más efectivas.

Obstaculizadores y facilitadores para aumentar el consumo de frutas y verduras en seis países de Latinoamérica / Barriers and facilitators to increase consumption of fruits and vegetables in six countries in Latin America

El bajo consumo frutas y verduras se encuentra entre los factores de riesgo para desarrollar enfermedades cardiovasculares y algunos tipos de cáncer. Los países han implementado políticas alimentarias para promover su consumo. El identificar las barreras que percibe la población para consumirlas ayuda a reconocer los recursos que estarían dispuestos a intercambiar para recibir beneficios. Los objetivos de este estudio son: determinar cuáles son los facilitadores y las barreras para aumentar el consumo de frutas y verduras en seis países de Latinoamérica y establecer si existe relación entre las guías alimentarias y el programa 5 al día. Este estudio es de campo y cualitativo. Se usaron las técnicas de entrevistas grupales a profesionales de salud y de los medios de comunicación, y entrevistas a expertos en políticas alimentarias. Los facilitadores destacados fueron la publicidad televisiva de las campañas que promueven su consumo, y la existencia de ferias libres en los barrios. Los obstaculizadores resaltados fueron la falta de políticas públicas de regulación sobre la publicidad y ganchos comerciales de los alimentos, de autosustentabilidad, de financiamiento de los programas relacionados, y de investigación sociológica del tema. La principal barrera para el consumo de frutas y verduras en estos países fue la falta de apoyo normativo y de políticas públicas relacionadas, siendo vital una buena campaña publicitaria en el éxito de los programas que fomentan su consumo. La principal relación existente entre las Guías Alimentarias y el Programa 5 al día es que ambos promueven el consumo de verduras y frutas.

Low intake of fruits and vegetables is among the risk factors for cardiovascular disease and some cancers. The countries have implemented policies to promote food consumption. Identifying the barriers perceived by people to consume it helps to recognize the resources that would be willing to exchange for benefits. The objectives of this study are to determine what factors are facilitators and barriers to increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables in six countries in Latin America, and a possible relationship between the 5 a day program and the food based dietary guidelines. This is a qualitative and field study. Techniques used were group interviews with health professionals and the media, and interviews with experts in food policy. The outstanding facilitators were television advertising campaigns promoting their use, and the existence of fruits and vegetables markets in the neighborhoods. Highlighted those obstacles were lack of public policies of advertising regulations and trade hooks of food, of self-sustainability, of funding for related programs, and of sociological research of the topic. The main barrier to the consumption of fruits and vegetables in these countries was the lack of policy support and related public policy, being a good advertising campaign vital to the success of programs that encourage consumption. The main relationship between the Dietary Guidelines and the 5 A Day Program is to both promote the consumption of vegetables and fruits.

Fatores associados ao consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes em Nipo-Brasileiros / Factors associated with fruit and vegetable intake in Japanese-Brazilians

A identificação de fatores associados ao consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes constitui-se em ferramenta chave na elaboração de programas de intervenção mais eficazes, visando o aumento no consumo desses alimentos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar, em análise transversal, fatores associados ao consumo adequado de frutas, verduras e legumes (> 400g/dia) em 581 nipo-brasileiros adultos, de 1ª e 2ª gerações, residentes em Bauru, SP, Brasil. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio de três inquéritos recordatórios de 24 horas. Em modelos de regressão logística ajustados, verificou-se que o relato de um maior número de refeições diárias estava associado à maior chance [OR (IC 95 por cento)]: [1,31 (1,05; 1,63)] de consumo adequado de frutas, verduras e legumes. Por outro lado, indivíduos no terceiro tercil de consumo de ácidos graxos saturados apresentaram menor chance de consumo adequado destes alimentos [0,35 (0,21; 0,60)]. Verificou-se maior tendência de consumo adequado de frutas, verduras e legumes entre indivíduos de maior idade. Os resultados sugerem que programas de intervenção mais intensivos são necessários entre indivíduos jovens e com consumo elevados de ácidos graxos saturados. Além disso, o estímulo ao maior fracionamento da dieta poderá favorecer a adesão às metas de consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes.

Etapas del cambio relacionadas con el consumo de frutas y verduras, actividad física y control del peso en estudiantes universitarios chilenos / Stages of change related to fruit and vegetables consumption, physical activity, and weight control in Chilean university students

Como línea base para diseñar intervenciones efectivas en promoción de salud, se determinó el estado nutricional y las etapas del cambio respecto al consumo de frutas y verduras, la actividad física y el control del peso en 955 estudiantes de ambos sexos en la Universidad del Bio-Bio, Chile. La muestra fue seleccionada aleatoriamente por sede, facultad y carrera, con un nivel de confianza del 95 por ciento y un error máximo del 3 por ciento. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y se evaluó la asociación entre el estado nutricional y las variables estudiadas aplicando la prueba de Chi2. Para determinar el estado nutricional se usó el índice de masa corporal y los criterios de la OMS para adultos. Para evaluar las etapas del cambio se aplicó un instrumento previamente validado por el INTA. La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad alcanzó al 48,2 por ciento en los hombres y al 25,5 por ciento en las mujeres, (p<0,0001). Sólo 3,1 por ciento de los hombres y 7,3 por ciento de las mujeres consumían las 5 porciones diarias recomendadas de frutas y verduras. La mayoría consumía 1 a 2 porciones (69,5 por ciento hombres y 54,3 por ciento mujeres), y el resto 3 a 4 porciones (18,2 por ciento y 34,7 por ciento, respectivamente) (p<0,0001). El 58 por ciento de los hombres y el 43 por ciento de las mujeres realizaban actividad física regularmente (p<0,0001). El 73,6 por ciento de los hombres y 79,3 por ciento de las mujeres estaban tratando de reducir o mantener su peso (p<0,0002). Se concluye que los estudiantes requieren intervenciones específicas y condiciones apropiadas para aumentar el consumo de frutas y verduras y la actividad física.

In order to design effective health promotion interventions, nutritional status and the stages of change related to the consumption of fruit and vegetables, physical activity, and weight control were determined in 955 students of both genders at the University of Bio-Bio, Chile. The sample was randomly selected by campus, faculty, and career, with a level of confidence of 95 percent and a maximum error of 3 percent. Beside the descriptive analysis, to evaluate the association among nutritional status, fruit and vegetables consumption, physical activity and weight control, Chi2 test was applied. Nutritional status was determined by Body Mass Index and WHO reference standards for adults. A questionnaire previously validated by INTA was applied to evaluate the stages of change. The prevalence of overweight and obesity reached 48.2 percent in men and 25.5 percent in women (p<0.0001). Only 3.1 percent of men and 7.3 percent of women consumed the 5 recommended daily servings of fruit and vegetables. The majority consumed 1 or 2 daily servings (69.5 percent men and 54.3 percent women), and the rest 3 to 4 servings (18.2 percent and 34.7 percent, respectively) (p<0.0001). 58 percent of men and 43 percent of women carried out physical activity regularly (p<0.0001). 73.1 percent of men and 79.3 percent of women were trying to reduce or not to increase their weight (p<0.0002). It is concluded that students require specific interventions and appropriate conditions to increase their fruit and vegetables consumption, and physical activity.

Consumo de verduras y frutas en centros de salud y supermercados, de la Región Matropolitana de Chile: programa 5 al día / Vegetables and fruits consumption in health centres and supermarkets in the Chilean Metropolitan Region: 5 a day program

Objetivo: Evaluar la frecuencia de consumo de verduras y frutas y el conocimiento del mensaje "5 al día", en usuarios de Supermercados y de Centros de Salud Pública, para ser utilizados como línea base para planificar una intervención bimodal, controlada, para la promoción del consumo de frutas y verduras. Sujetos y métodos: a 1897 adultos entre 17 y 60 años, del área urbana de la Región Metropolitana, se les aplicó una encuesta de frecuencia de consumo, etapa de cambio de conducta y conocimiento del mensaje. Resultados: 58.8 por ciento señaló consumir entre 1-2 porciones/día y 33.5 por ciento entre 3-4. 91,2 por ciento indicó que ha mantenido este consumo por más de seis meses, 7,7 por ciento cumple con la recomendación "5 al día" sólo 9,4 por ciento conocía el mensaje. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos de intervención salvo en el nivel educacional y en el número de porciones de consumo diario. Conclusiones: El consumo de verduras y frutas estuvo bajo la recomendación en todos los grupos estudiados y existe un desconocimiento del mensaje promocional 5 al día.

Objective: To evaluate the consumption frequency of vegetables and fruits and the knowledge of the 5 a day message in users of supermarkets and Public Health Centers to be utilized as a baseline to plan a bimodal controlled intervention for the promotion of fruits and vegetables consumption. Individuals and methods: A frequency consumption survey, the behavioral change stage and the message understanding was applied to 1.897 adults aged between 17 and 60 years in the urban area of the Metropolitan Region. Results: 58.8 percent stated that they ate between 1 -2 portions! day, 33.5 percent between 3-4,91.2 percent indicated that they had maintained this consumption for over six months and 7.7 percent complied with the recommendation of 5 a day; only 9.4 percent knew the message. There were no significant differences among the intervention groups except in the educational level and the number of daily consumption portions. Conclusions: The consumption of vegetables and fruits was under the recommendation in all the studied groups and there is a lack of knowledge regarding the 5 a day promotional message.