Intradermal hyaluronidase: The answer to treatment in softening a fibrous thick supratip skin in rhinoplasty?

@# It is a common goal for rhinoplastic surgeons to make the best-looking tip with proper projection, maintaining the tip lobule appearance with a supratip break. (Figure 1) However, a fibrous thick skin with fullness may not achieve the ideal tip. It is one of the nuisances in rhinoplasty that makes tip definition surgery difficult. The supratip area remains firm and convex causing a wide bulbous feature of the tip. Several techniques have been introduced with good results however some may still result in supratip fullness because of the firm fibrous nature of thick skin.1-3 Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that depolymerizes hyaluronic acid which is present in the epithelium.4 The use of intradermal hyaluronidase for thick skin was discovered by the junior author (JMP) in one of his rhinoplasties when he injected hyaluronidase in a nose with fillers containing hyaluronic acid. The fillers not only instantly dissolved but the skin also softened, so he tried injecting intradermally in his subsequent rhinoplasties on non-filler noses with fibrous thick skin and indeed found the same effect of softening of the fibrous supratip skin. We here describe the technique used in this preliminary clinical series.

Diseases and Findings of the Shigyakusan Effective Cases in Our Institution / 日本東洋医学雑誌

We retrospectively surveyed and analyzed medical records of 41 effective cases with shigyakusan including shigyakusan decoction and shigyakusan extract. In classics, fullness in chest and hypochondrium and rectus abdominis muscle stiffness along with coldness of the extremities is regarded as important clinical indication of shigyakusan. In this analysis, patients who present fullness in chest and hypochondrium are more than 90%, and patients presenting rectus abdominis muscle stiffness are more than 60%, confirming that these findings are important. On the other hand, although more than half of the patients feel excessive sensitivity to cold, only about 20% of the patients had coldness of the extremities as objective Kampo findings in their medical records. Until now, coldness of the extremities has been considered to be important because shigyaku means Japanese expression of it. But our obtained results show that shigyakusan is used for the patients who do not have cold extremities.

Clinical experience of acupuncture treatment for a patient with stomach pain and feeling of fullness / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Introduction] Acupuncture has been used in patients with functional digestive symptoms. Acupuncture treatment was used on a patient with upper stomach pain and feeling of fullness accompanied by pain in knee, neck and shoulders. Details of the clinical experience have been written in this brief report and shows improvement in gastric symptoms and increase of normogastria in gastric electrical activities by acupuncture treatment.[Case] A 73 year-old female patient, who was 148 cm tall and 51 kg in weight, complained of some chronic pain at the first medical examination. However, in the 24th treatment, the patient complained of severe stomach pain and feeling of fullness accompanied by 36 points on the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS). Therefore, electrogastrograms (EGG) were recorded, as a noninvasive clinical evaluation of gastric function, at 15 minutes before and after the 30th treatment for 10 minutes using the retaining needle technique at bilateral ST36 andST40.[Result] The decrease of GSRS showed improvement of gastric symptoms by acupuncture treatment. After treatment, the percentage of normogastria in EGG increased to 71% from 58%, thus stabilizing theincrease in power spectra.[Discussion] It has been suggested that the increase of nomogastria in EGGs show an improvement of gastric symptoms. Moreover, the patient was told about the positive changes in EGG by an acupuncturist, and explaining that the acupuncture treatment seemed to improve clinical symptoms. Thus, acupuncture treatment contributed to an improvement of symptoms in a patient with stomach pain and feeling of fullness.[Conclusion] Acupuncture treatment induced an increase in percentage of normogastria in EGG power and resulted in an improvement in gastric symptoms of a patient with upper stomach pain and feeling of fullness.

Plenitud ótica como primer síntoma en patología del espacio parafaríngeo / Otic fullness as a first symptom in parapharyngeal space pathology

RESUMEN Los tumores del espacio parafaríngeo (EP) son poco frecuentes, representando el 0,5%-1% de las neoplasias de cabeza y cuello. La distribución de los tumores del EP constituye: 40% tumores de glándulas salivales, seguidos de tumores neurogénicos y adenopatías. Presentamos un caso de una paciente de 52 años que acude por presentar sensación de taponamiento ótico izquierdo y molestias faríngeas de 3 meses de evolución. Tras una exploración otorrinolaringológica completa se sospecha patología del espacio parafaríngeo, que se confirma con las pruebas de imagen. Se realiza exéresis quirúrgica mediante abordaje transcervical-transparotídeo, con buena evolución posoperatoria y sin recidiva tras 1 año de seguimiento. El estudio anatomopatológico informa adenoma pleomorfo de parótida. En este trabajo se ha realizado una revisión de la etiopatogenia, diagnóstico y tratamiento de estas lesiones. Consideramos crucial realizar una exploración física otorrinolaringológica completa ante la presencia de un paciente con sintomatología inespecífica ya que el EP constituye un área anatómica difícil de explorar y que a menudo pasa desapercibida, por lo que la patología del EP representa un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico.

ABSTRACT Parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors are infrequent and account for 0.5%-1% of head and neck neoplasms. Therefore, they represent a diagnostic challenge. The distribution of PPS tumors is as follows: 40% salivary tumors, followed by neurogenic tumors and adenopathies. We report a case of a 50 year old woman that presented with a 3-month history of otic fullness and pharyngeal disturbances. The otolaryngological examination showed PPS pathology that was confirmed by radiological images. Surgical excision by transcervical-transparotid approach was performed followed by uncomplicated healing with no recurrence in one year. The histological examination reported a pleomorphic parotid adenoma. The authors provide a discussion of the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this type of lesions. This clinical manuscript may shed light on the importance of a complete otolaryngological examination in a patient with unspecific symptoms considering that the PPS is a complex anatomic region and its pathology can easily go unnoticed.

Clinical effects of pretarsal fullness reconstruction of the lower eyelid using autologous dermis or acellular dermis / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To investigate the new metheds of recreating pretarsal fullness of the lower eyelid using autologous dermis or acellullar dermis.Methods Between September 2010 and November 2013,total 16 patients underwent the procedures of recreating of pretarsal fullness of the lower eyelid using dermis materials.A stab skin incision of approximately 4-5 mm was made at the lateral canthus and inner canthus along the subciliary crease of the lower eyelid respectively,and then the skin was undermined to create a subcutaneous tunnel between two stab incisions.The dermis roll was introduced into the undermined subcutaneous plane of the lower eyelid.The end of dermis was sutured to orbicularis oculi muscle to maintain the appropriate tension.Results 11 cases of them used autologous dermis,5 of used acellullar dermis.The patients were followed up for 3-24 months.Lower-eyelid pretarsal fullness regained abvious and natural appearance,and the patients were highly satisfied.Complications included slight sclera show,partial absorption of dermis material and slight irregular apperence.One case of dermis infection occured and dermis roll had to be removed.Conclusions Autologous dermis or acellullar dermis grafting are simple,efficient techniques for recreating of pretarsal fullness of the lower eyelid.

Analysis on prescription rules of Chen Baogui's prescriptions for treating epigastric fullness based on data mining / 中国中药杂志

To summary and analyze the prescription rules of Professor Chen Baogui, a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) doctor, for treating epigastric fullness. Professor Chen Baogui's prescriptions for treating epigastric fullness were collected and the treatment data were input into traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system (TCMISS) to analyze the rules of the prescriptions by using data mining methods. Based on the screened 214 cases, the treatment experience of Professor Chen Baogui for treating epigastric fullness was summarized and analyzed. It was found that Professor Chen gave priority to recuperation of Qi activity. The results of four properties and five tastes showed Professor Chen's medication compatibility rules: one was simultaneous use of cold and warm drugs, and the other was simultaneous use of pungent drugs for dispersion and bitter drugs for purgation. In drug use, the basic prescriptions had the efficacy of promoting Qi circulation and regulating viscera function, additionally with the drugs with functions of eliminating digestion and inducing stagnation, activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis, replenishing Qi and nourishing Yin, tranquilizing mind, strengthening muscles and bones according to the TCM syndrome type. The clinical experience of Professor Chen for treating epigastric fullness was objectively summarized with the help of TCMISS, which was significant for analyzing and inheriting academic thinking and medication experience from famous TCM doctors.

Study of Fullness in the Chest that Lies Behind the Sho of Keikyososooushinbuto (桂姜棗草黄辛附湯) : Decoction of Ramulus Cinnamomi Subtracting Radix Paeoniae Adding Herba Ephedrae, Herba Asari and Radix Aconiti Praeparata / 日本東洋医学雑誌

I consider keikyososooushinbuto is compounded with Ephedra and Asarum to keishikyoshakuyakukabushito. I studied many successfully treated cases with keikyososooushinbuto to indicate the sho of it. Keishikyoshakuyakukabushito is formed from keishikyosyakuyakuto with coldness. In the text of keishikyoshakuyakuto of the “Shang Han Lun,” after treatment with the purgative, the stomach yang becomes weakened and the stomach yin reverses up to the chest pathologically. This critical condition deteriorates by the coldness into the debilitation of the heart yang, therefore the addition of Ephedra and Asarum is needed. I think this pathological state is the basis of the sho of keikyososooushinbuto. The symptoms of the clinical cases vary, and every part of the body can be affected. But I found the common physical signs of these cases, which have two points with tenderness ; one is located on the bilateral intercostal parts of the end of the sternum, and the other is on the muscle bedside the spines Th 12-L 1. These are the signs of the fullness in the chest described in the text of keishikyosyakuyakuto, which is the indispensable symptom when I use keikyososooushinbuto clinically.

Trans-tympanic Cartilage Chip Insertion for Intractable Patulous Eustachian Tube

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patulous Eustachian tube (PET) causes troublesome autophony. We treated PET using tragal cartilage chip insertion to fill in the concavity within the tubal valve and evaluated the feasibility of this method. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This study used a prospective design. Eleven patients with PET disorder were included. Tragal cartilage chip insertion via a transcanal approach into the Eustachian tube (ET) was performed in 14 ears of those patients. They were followed-up for at least 12 months after surgery and were evaluated by symptom questionnaire scores. RESULTS: The average follow-up was 16.4 months. Thirteen of fourteen ears received immediate complete relief of autophony symptoms. Autophony symptoms at the last follow-up were as follows: four ears (28.6%) had complete relief; five ears (35.7%) showed satisfactory improvement; four ears (28.6%) showed significant but unsatisfactory improvement; and one ear (7.1%) was unchanged. The PET symptom questionnaire in the affected ears showed a significant reduction in autophony (p=0.047) and improvement in breathing sound conduction (p=0.047). There were no complications such as otitis media or occlusion symptom. CONCLUSIONS: Transtympanic cartilage chip insertion into the ET provides a safe and accessible surgical option for the treatment of PET.

Reproduction, feeding and migration patterns of Prochilodus nigricans (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) in northeastern Ecuador

The black prochilodus, Prochilodus nigricans, is an important food fish distributed throughout aquatic habitats of the Ecuadorian Amazon. We sampled gonad weight, body condition, and feeding of this species to address the question of whether changes in these biological parameters are related to hydrological variation and migration patterns. High frequency of empty stomachs and poor body condition corresponded to migration periods. Gonad condition analysis revealed a single, discrete spawning period in April (end of rising water season). We synthesized our own and published observations on migration patterns of black prochilodus and presumptive factors that influence those movements. Mature individuals make lateral migrations from peripheral flooded habitats to large white water rivers to spawn. Eggs and larvae drift downstream to nurseries at least into Peru and perhaps into Brazil; there do not appear to be nursery habitats in Ecuador. After 6-18 months, they migrate upstream, recruiting to parental stocks. Long-distance migrations of black prochilodus and similar fishes in Neotropical rivers disobey political boundaries. Conservation and management of such migratory fishes, thus, requires international co-operation and integrated conservation efforts.(AU)

El bocachico, Prochilodus nigricans, es una fuente importante de proteínas, distribuido en hábitats acuáticos de las tierras bajas de la Amazonía ecuatoriana. Se muestreo el peso de las gónadas, la condición corporal, y alimentación de esta especie para determinar la relación de estos parámetros biológicos con la variación hidrológica y patrones migratorios. Una frecuencia alta de estómagos vacíos y la pobre condición corporal corresponde a períodos de migración. El análisis del estado de las gónadas reveló un corto periodo de desove en abril (fin de la temporada de aumento del río). Hemos sintetizado nuestras observaciones propias y publicadas sobre migraciones del bocachico, así como los factores que presumiblemente influyen en estos movimientos. Los peces adultos migran lateralmente desde hábitats periféricos inundados hasta ríos de aguas blancas para desovar. Los huevos y larvas flotan aguas abajo hasta llegar a sitios de crianza en Perú y posiblemente en Brasil; no parece haber hábitats de crianza en Ecuador. Después de 6-18 meses, los bocachicos migran aguas arriba, reclutando a las poblaciones parentales. Las migraciones a larga distancia del bocachico y peces similares en ríos Neotropicales desobedecen las fronteras políticas. Una gestión apropiada de este recurso requiere de cooperación internacional y esfuerzos integrados de conservación.(AU)

Treating Chronic Atrophic Gastritis from Blood Stasis / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] To explore the clinical experience of Professor ZHOU Xiaohong in treating chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG) from blood stasis.[Methods]Through the analysis of literature,tracing the source of the disease,following the teacher clinic and collecting relevant medical records,Professor ZHOU Xiaohong's clinical experience in treating CAG from blood stasis is summarized from the aspects of etiology,pathogenesis,treatment and so on.At the same time,the characteristics of the prescription of herbal are summarized,and exemplify that.[Result]Professor ZHOU Xiaohong thinks that blood stasis is the basic pathological factor of CAG.It plays an important role in the occurrence and development of this disease,and blood circulation and blood stasis should be carried through the whole process of clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment.ZHOU attachs importance to the application of drugs for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis,such as syndrome differentiation,disease differentiation,experience.In addition,another key view is the selection of drugs that can activate blood circulation to remove blood stasis,combining with modern research.The uhimatc result is to promote rcstoration of the gastric mucosa and absorption of local inflammation,enhance and improve the function of gastric mucosal barrier,reduce the degree of glandular atrophy,prevent cancer,and,thus significantly improve clinical efficacy.[Conclusion] Professor ZHOU Xiaohong has rich clinical experience and unique opinion in treatment of CAG.The clinical curative effect of CAG from the treatment of blood stasis is significant,which is worth learning and popularizing.

Energy density and satiety of meals based on the healthy food plate model for Filipino adults

Objective@#This study aimed to determine the energy density and satiety of meals based on the healthy food plate model for Filipino adults.@*Methods@#Thirteen healthy adult volunteers consumed breakfast test meals consisting of 1 cup go food, ½ cup grow food and 1 ½ cups glow food, following the recommended proportions in the plate model. Energy density (kcal/g) of the test meals was calculated. Feelings of hunger and fullness were assessed with 100-mm visual analogue scales (VAS) at pre-prandial (0 minute) and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 minutes postprandial. Ghrelin levels at 0, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA).@*Results@#The test meals had an average energy density of 0.83 kcal/g. Hunger and fullness scores gradually changed with time but hunger remained significantly lower and fullness significantly higher than the pre-prandial levels at 180 minutes postprandial. Ghrelin declined after intake of the test meals and stayed significantly lower than the pre-prandial level at 240 minutes postprandial (30.21 ± 4.58 pmol/L).@*Conclusion@#Meals following the recommendations in the healthy food plate model for Filipino adults have low energy density and its consumption sustained short-term satiety.

Textual Research on the Syndrome of Houpo Qiwu Decoction and Houpo Sanwu Decoction in Jingui Yaolve / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To investigate the original texts of the Syndrome of Houpo Qiwu Decoction and Houpo Sanwu Decoction in Jingui Yaolve so as to define the syndrome of these two classical prescriptions and guide clinical application.[Methods]Revised the mistakes of the original texts of Houpo Qiwu Decoction and Houpo Sanwu Decoction in Jingui Yaolve by referring to medical books written between Jin Dynasty to Tang Dynasty such as Mai Jing, Xiaopin Fang and Qianjin Fang.Shanghan Lun,Zhubing Yuanhou Lun,Zhouhou Beiji Fang and other medical books were also consulted when exploring the pathogenesis and explanation of these two prescriptions.[Results]The syndromes of Houpo Qiwu Decoction should be abdominal fullness and pain,whose pathogenesis is that indigestion caused by pathogenic cold attacking intestine and stomach will lead to cholera sicca.It should be treated by using the therapy of promoting qi,relieving abdominal fullness and pain,warming spleen and stomach,and weeding through the old to bring forth the new.The syndromes of Houpo Sanwu Decoction intend to treat should be abdominal fullness,lasting fever,floating and rapid pulse but normal intake of food,whose pathogenesis is that interaction between wine and phlegm caused by fluid retention in drinkers or undigested wine in people with dysfunctional fluid metabolism will lead to abdominal fullness.It should be treated by using the therapy of eliminating phlegm-fluid,relieving abdominal fullness,and discharging internal heat. [Conclusion]The Syndromes of Houpo Qiwu Decoction and Houpo Sanwu Decoction are converse in Jingui Yaolve,therefore re-examination of these two prescriptions and further clinical experiments are required.

Energy density and satiety of meals based on the Healthy Food Plate model for Filipino adults

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the energy density and satiety of meals based on the healthy food plate model for Filipino adults.METHODS:  Thirteen healthy adult volunteers consumed breakfast test meals consisting of 1 cup go food, ½ cup grow food and 1 ½ cups glow food, following the recommended proportions in the plate model. Energy density (kcal/g) of the test meals was calculated. Feelings of hunger and fullness were assessed with 100-mm visual analogue scales (VAS) at pre-prandial (0 minute) and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 minutes postprandial. Ghrelin levels at 0, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA).RESULTS: The test meals had an average energy density of 0.83 kcal/g. Hunger and fullness scores gradually changed with time but hunger remained significantly lower and fullness significantly higher than the pre-prandial levels at 180 minutes postprandial. Ghrelin declined after intake of the test meals and stayed significantly lower than the pre-prandial level at 240 minutes postprandial (30.21 ± 4.58 pmol/L).CONCLUSION: Meals following the recommendations in the healthy food plate model for Filipino adults have low energy density and its consumption sustained short-term satiety. 

Temporomandibular Joint Disorders as a Cause of Aural Fullness

OBJECTIVES: Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) are often associated with aural manifestations. However, it is not clear whether aural fullness could be induced by TMD. The purpose was to investigate the TMD and effectiveness of TMD treatments in patients with mainly or exclusively aural fullness complaint. METHODS: One hundred and twelve patients, who had aural fullness as the main or sole complaint, presented to the Otolaryngology Department, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China, between January 2010 and January 2015. Patients’ medical history indicated that they had previously been diagnosed and treated for otitis media or sensorineural hearing loss but without positive results. Patients were subjected to pure tone audiometry and acoustic immittance screening using GSI-61 clinical audiometer and GSI TympStar middle ear analyzer respectively. Patients were examined by questionnaire, X-ray and/or computed tomography scan of temporomandibular joint. TMD was categorized according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Patients were then treated for TMD. RESULTS: All the patients showed normal eardrum and type A tympanogram. The patients of 60.7% (68/112) were classified as group I TMD disorders (muscle disorders), 34.8% (39/112) were group II (disc displacements), and 4.5% (5/112) were group III (arthralgia, osteoarthritis, and osteoarthrosis). Aural fullness was completely resolved or significantly improved in 67 and 34 patients respectively following treatments aimed at improving TMD, with a combined effectiveness of 90.2% (101/112). TMD treatments are especially effective (94.1%) in group I TMD. CONCLUSION: TMD as a potential cause of aural fullness should be considered in otolaryngology practice.

Professor Xie Jingri from “the Theory of Liver and Spleen”Treat Patients with Chronic Atrophic Gastritis / 浙江中医药大学学报

Objective] To explore the professor Xie Jingri fromthe theory of liver and spleen in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis treatment and medication,in order to further understand the relationship among the liver,spleen and stomach. To broaden the thinking,to improve the clinical curative effect of chronic atrophic gastritis. [Method] With factor liver main spleen transportation as the theoretical basis,from the perspective of the relationship between five zang-organs and six fu-organs,with clinical basis for the case of professor Xie Jingri about the theory of liver and spleen in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis is discussed for collection. [Results] Professor Xie Jingri putting forward the theory of liver and spleen in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis has profound historical origin,there are documentaries, rules on the use of drugs to people,both focus on the overall,with the evidence-based medicine,and attention to detail,judge of modern,pathogenesis. For chronic atrophic gastritis has opened up a more effective treatment. [Conclusion] Through the elaboration of treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis treatment,medication and typical cases,make the theory of liver and spleen for stomach more clear train of thought,on the theory of liver and spleen theory,improve the efficiency of clinical treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis.

Clinical Experience of Professor Shen Hong for Treating Chronic Atrophic Gastritis / 浙江中医药大学学报

Objective] To summarize professor Shen Hong's clinical experience in treating chronic atrophic gastritis. [Method] By following the teacher clinic and sorting out the related medical materials, the author summarizes professor Shen Hong's academic experience of treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis, and for proven cases. [Result] Professor Shen Hong thinks that the essence of pathogenesis is the weakness of the spleen and stomach. Qi stagnation, damp stagnation and blood stasis are common pathological factors. The characteristic of the disease is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality. The location of disease is in stomach, relating to liver and spleen. The principle of treatment should be strengthening the spleen and stomach. It is also very important to treat accompanying symptoms and balance property of Chinese medicines. Prof. Shen emphasizes the combination of disease and syndrome differentiation and the integration of TCM and western medicine. He attaches much weight to diet and psychotherapy. The medication is concise and the prescription changes flexibly with the permitted addition and subtraction. The clinical curative effect is satisfactory. [Conclusion] Professor Shen Hong 's experience is effective and worthy of inheritance and promotion.

Lipase Supplementation before a High-Fat Meal Reduces Perceptions of Fullness in Healthy Subjects

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Postprandial symptoms of fullness and abdominal discomfort are common after fatty meals. Gastric lipases hydrolyze 10% to 20% of dietary triglycerides during the stomach trituration period of digestion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of acid-resistant lipase on upper gastrointestinal symptoms, including fullness and bloating, as well as on gastric myoelectrical activity after healthy subjects ingested a high-fat, liquid meal. METHODS: This study utilized a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design with 16 healthy volunteers who ingested either a capsule containing 280 mg of acid-resistant lipase or a placebo immediately before a fatty meal (355 calories, 55% fat). Participants rated their stomach fullness, bloating, and nausea before and at timed intervals for 60 minutes after the meal. Electrogastrograms were obtained to assess the gastric myoelectrical activity. RESULTS: Stomach fullness, bloating, and nausea increased significantly 10 minutes after ingestion of the fatty meal (p<0.01), whereas normal gastric myoelectrical activity decreased and tachygastria increased (p<0.05). With lipase, reports of stomach fullness were significantly lower compared with placebo (p<0.05), but no effect on gastric myoelectrical activity or other upper gastrointestinal symptoms was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The high-fat meal induced transient fullness, bloating, nausea, and tachygastria in healthy individuals, consistent with post-prandial distress syndrome. Acid-resistant lipase supplementation significantly decreased stomach fullness.

<b>Five Cases of Patent Eustachian Tube Treated </b><b>with Kigikenchuto for Asthenic Disease </b> / 日本東洋医学雑誌

The patent eustachian tubes (PET) of five patients with a chief complaint of aural fullness were successfully treated with kigikenchuto. A Kampo extract preparation of ogikenchuto and tokikenchuto (daily dose of 9 and 7.5 g, respectively) was applied as a representative prescription for kigikenchuto. The five patients had also been diagnosed with definitive PET on otological examination. Case 1 was a 73-year-old male suffering from aural fullness and autophonia after a common cold. These ear symptoms improved on lying down and resting. He had a history of admission for cerebral hemorrhage with hypertension and weight loss. Bilateral stiffness of the abdominal rectus muscle and an intolerable tickling sensation were noted. After taking kigikenchuto for two weeks, his symptoms improved. An additional study of four patients treated with kigikenchuto, including Case 2, a 75-year-old female, Case 3, a 33-year-old female, Case 4, a 78-year-old female, and Case 5, a 21-year-old male, showed effective cures. Kigikenchuto is a <i>qi</i>-blood supplementing derivative of shokenchuto, a minor center-reinforcing Kampo medicine for asthenic disease. Based on these results, we suggested that kigikenchuto serves as a useful formulation to treat PET. Life guidance to promote health is also essential for cure.

Studies on modern mechanism of syndrome and treatment of abdominal fullness in Taiyin disease / 国际中医中药杂志

Abdominal fullness in Taiyin disease,marked by being aggravated after vomiting,is mainly caused by internal exuberance of cold dampness,which indicates that the pathogenic cold dampness is accumulated in not only the interior of intestines,but also the exterior of intestine in the abdominal cavity.According to the description about hardness beneath chest in outline syndrome of Taiyin disease,Taiyin disease may be considered as such diseases as cirrhosis,congestive splenomegaly due to portal hypertension.Sini decoction should be used to treat abdominal fullness in taiyin disease with the function of warming and eliminating cold dampness,which shows the decoction has the function of recovery of cirrhosis of the liver decompensation.

Aural Fullness / 대한이비인후과학회지

Aural fullness is common in patients that visit otolaryngology clinics. It is necessary to examine their detailed medical history, have a physical examination and include additional appropriate studies in order to make an accurate diagnosis for patients who complain about aural fullness. Physicians should have extensive knowledge about diseases which can cause aural fullness. In this paper, the author will introduce an appropriate approach to aural fullness and review typical diseases associated with aural fullness.