ABSTRACT
The long-term existence of hyperglycemia leads to the occurrence of metabolic memory effect， which is an important reason for the formation of diabetic macrovascular disease， so the early control of metabolic memory is the key to the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications. The excessive formation of advanced glycation end products （AGEs） is not only an important factor to cause metabolic memory， but also the core mechanism for diabetic macrovascular disease. It is believed in traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） that Fu-xie （incubative pathogen） is the key pathogenesis of the formation of diabetic vascular diseases， and it is necessary to adopt the principle of removing pathogenic factors and opening collaterals as early as possible to prevent and cure the disease. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period， the theory of Fu-xie was germinated， and got mature in the Ming and Qing dynasties after the continuous development. The so-called Fu-xie means that the pathogens are of a potential nature but not cause diseases immediately. The theory of Fu-xie first appeared in Huangdi Neijing， with an original meaning of epidemic febrile disease occurring after incubation， and then its meaning continues to expand， now referring to all potential pathogenic factors that would not immediately cause diseases. As the cause and pathogenesis of many diseases， the theory of Fu-xie is widely used in clinical practice to guide the treatment of diseases. In the body， the accumulation of AEGs can induce the subsequent cascade effect in the body， and finally promote the formation and development of diabetic macrovascular diseases. This is very similar to the process of inducing metabolic disorder and disease in TCM due to the accumulation of phlegm and silt. Therefore， under the guidance of Fu-xie theory， the mechanism of AEGs in blocking metabolic memory and preventing and treating diabetic macrovascular disease was analyzed in this paper. On the one hand， it will provide a scientific basis for the exploration of Fu-xie theory affecting the disease course of diabetic macrovascular disease by regulating the generation of AEGs. On the other hand， it can also provide the material change basis for the development of Fu-xie theory in the occurrence and development of diabetic macroangiopathy.
ABSTRACT
[Objective] To explore the etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis from the perspective of the theory of Fuxie, so as to more comprehensively understand the rheumatoid arthritis, broaden the thinking of clinical diagnosis and treatment, and improve the clinical efficacy. [Methods] The theory of Fuxie theory was summarized, from the aspects of interpretation, theoretical origin, modern medical knowledge and so on, combined with the regularity of the pathogenesis of the pathogen, the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis were discussed. [Results] Fuxie theory is originally derived from Huangdi Neijing, it is considered that Fuxie is divided into exogenous and endogenous Fuxie foxier, etiology of rheumatoid arthritis with hidden pathogenic objective basis, its pathogenesis with hidden pathogenic mechanism, the treatment principle and treatment method by pathogen consistentcy. [Conclusion] Understanding of rheumatoid arthritis, according to the characteristics and development of Fuxie disease transmission rules, can better grasp the nature of the disease, diagnosis and treatment of Fuxie theory of rheumatoid arthritis has important clinical significance, rheumatoid arthritis from Fuxie theory provides new ideas and methods for clinical treatment.
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Objective] Through the system arrangement of Fuxie theory on academic context and diagnosis and treatment,preliminarily discuss the relationship between the human papilloma virus infection and Fuxie,in order to more thoroughly understand the HPV infection,broaden the clinical diagnosis and treatment,improve the clinical curative effect.[Method] To analyze,arrange,summarize and conclude Fuxie theory from the concept,causes, pathways and treatment,that of famous ancient physicians. [Result] Fuxie theory originates from internal classic,then develop up to now.Although controversy persists in the process of development,Fuxie theory still has its important practical significance.Dictionary of Chinese Traditional Medicine defines Fuxie as disease hidden in the body without immediate onset.Not merely six exogenous factors and internal injuries,complex pathogens all can lead to evil lurking.For its pathological basis,outbound pathways should be based on syndrome,and identified according to the etiology.Strengthening the body resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors is the generally treatment of Fuxie, and treatment should be dialectical according to its pathogenesis. [Conclusion] By carding Fuxie theory and analyzing the relationship between HPV infection and Fuxie,fully confirm that“the human papilloma virus infection is Fuxie”. Fuxie perspective provides the basis for HPV infection treatment,and a new way of thinking for clinical prevention and control of HPV infection.
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Objective To investigate the effect of Xiaoer Fuxie Waifu powder on intestinal Cajal cells (ICC) and the expression of vasoactive peptide receptor 1 (VIP-R1) in rats with diarrhea. Methods Thirty Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups: control group, model group, and treatment group (10 each). Folium sennae (2ml/100g) was gavaged to reproduce the diarrheal model. Xiaoer Fuxie Waifu powder was applied topically in the treatment group. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the changes in ultrastructure of ICC after application of the drug. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the distribution of VIP-R1 in the intestine of diarrheic rats. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the expressions of mRNA and protein of VIP-R1. Results The ultrastructure of ICC showed that the drug treatment could normalize the cellular morphology and gap junction. VIP-R1 was found to be distributed mainly between circular muscle and longitudinal muscle, in the myenteric nerve plexus of the small intestine, and was found around the epithelial cells in the mucosal layer of the colon and lamina propria cells. Xiaoer Fuxie Waifu powder inhibited the secretion of VIP-R1 and down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of VIP-R1. Conclusion Xiaoer Fuxie Waifu powder can repair the injured ICC of diarrheic rats and cure diarrhea by down-regulating the expression of VIP-R1.
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Objective: To investigate the effect of different animal's skin and different concentration of one penetration enhancer on the transdermal permeability of Xiaoer Fuxie Navel Plaster. Methods: Using Franz diffusion cell and HPLC, and taking psoralen and isopsoralen as index components, the differences in transdermal permeability of abdominal skin of rats and rabbits, back skin of mice, and ear skin of pigs, and the effects of different concentration of 1%, 3%, and 5% of Azone on transdermal permeability of Xiaoer Fuxie Navel Plaster were compared and studied. Results: Abdominal skin of rats profited to the transdermal penetration of psoralen and isopsoralen, the 24 h-accumulated permeattion of both psoralen and isopsoralen reached the maximum and the penetration rate was the highest and the effect of penetration enhancers was the strongest at the concentration of 1% Azone. Conclusion: The transdermal effect of Xiaoer Fuxie Navel Plaster could be best when choosing 1% Azone as the penetration enhancer and abdominal skin of rats as screening model of penetration enhancer.
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Objective To establish a method for the determination of eugenol in Xiao’er Fuxie Waifu Gel.Methods RP-HPLC method was developed with Lichrospher-C18 analysis column,using methyl alcohol-water(65:35) as mobile phase.The detection wavelength was 280 nm and flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.Results The linear range of eugenol was from 0.108 to 1.724 ?g(r= 0.999 9).The average recovery was 99.1 %and RSD was 1.4 %.Conclusion The method is convenient and accurate.It can be used for the quality control of Xiao’er Fuxie Waifu Gel.