The efficacy of different embolic agents to block bronchial artery for massive hemoptysis secondary to bronchiectasis or pulmonary tuberculosis / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the efficacy of gelatin sponge particles(GSP)or polyvinyl alcohol particles (PVA) for hemoptysis secondary to bronchiectasis or pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods The clinical data on 271 patients with bronchiectasis- or tuberculosis-induced hemoptysis were retrospectively analyzed. The efficacy and rates of recurrence and complications were analyzed. Results A total 271 patients were included in this study, 176 of whom suffered from bronchiectasis and the rest 95 had tuberculosis. One-week cure rate was signifi-cantly higher in bronchiectasis group than in tuberculosis group(73.3%vs. 46.3%,P0.05). No severe complications occurred. Conclusions In-terventional artery embolization therapy for hemoptysis secondary to bronchiectasis is better than tuberculosis-induced hemoptysis,and PVA is more effective than GSP. Recurrence of massive hemoptysis mostly occurrs within one month ,and most of the patients are complicated with blood supply and have a history of hemoptysis.

Verification and application of genetic screening processor(GSP) for neonatal screening / 临床检验杂志

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of PerkinElmer Genetic Screening Processor(GSP) in the application of newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) by detecting thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and 17-OH-progesterone(17-OHP).Methods The dried-blood spots specimens from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) and the quality control in the reagent kit were detected and the accuracy,precision and linearity were calculated.A total of 1 012 samples of TSH(60 of positive and 952 negative samples) and 991 samples of 17-0HP(34 positive and 957 negative samples)were detected.The initial cut-off value was determined by ROC curve determined.The consistency between the results from GSP and clinical diagnosis was analyzed.Results The average of within-run coefficient of variation(CV) of TSH and 17-OHP were 6.69％ to 12.6％ and 7.52％ to 9.29％,and the average of between-run CV were 6.91％ to 10.96％ and 6.86％ to 12.36％,respectively.The average of bias of TSH and 170HP were-14.28％ to-0.74％ and-0.45％ to 12.54％.The linearity of GSP detection was fine.The initial cut-off values were 23.43 U/mL(TSH) and 21.42 ng/mL(17-OHP).The sensitivity of GSP detection was 100％ and the specificity of TSH and 17-OHP were 98.11％ and 99.58 ％ respectively.The results of GSP detection showed good consistency with clinical diagnosis.Conclusion As the first real automatic fluorescence immunoassay analyzer,GSP could be used in routine clinical diagnosis for CH and CAH.

Evaluation of the Genetic Screening Processor for the Performance of Newborn Screening Tests

Abstract The collection of dried blood spots (DBSs) on filter paper has been a powerful tool in newborn screening (NBS) programs and in other fields. However, filter paper has been associated with some level of imprecision due to the filter paper matrix effect. In order to minimize measurement variations, these interferences should be evaluated by NBS assays. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of genetic screening processor (GSP) equipment in comparison with a widely used AutoDELFIA and to discuss the limitations and advantages of this new technology in NBS. We evaluated the performance of 3 NBS assays in DBS using GSP in comparison with AutoDELFIA. To determine the inaccuracy and the intra-assay precision, a comparative study and a replication experiment were performed. In the comparative study, human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH) assay showed the highest correlation coefficient, followed by 17α-OH-progesterone and immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) assays. The results of the present study suggest that the GSP equipment and kits are suitable for implementation and have acceptable performance for NBS routine. Genetic screening processor assay tends to underestimate hTSH and IRT concentrations in the clinically relevant range when compared to AutoDELFIA assays. More studies are necessary to reevaluate cutoff values. Furthermore, the equipment has advantages when compared with AutoDELFIA, such as methodology with more specificity, reduction in the processing time, and randomized routine. This helps promoting faster dynamic technical processes and faster report generation.

Application of Quality Risk Management in the GSP Implementation of TCM Trading Enterprises / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the implementation of quality risk management in GSP of TCM trading enter-prises. METHODS:The necessity of quality risk management in TCM trading enterprises was introduced;by using the method of quality risk management,based on hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) tool,according to the actual situation of TCM trading enterprises,four key links including the critical control points during purchasing,receiving and acceptance,storage and maintenance,exwarehouse and transportation were identified and controlled. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:It is recommend-ed that TCM trading enterprises take corrective measures aiming at the above four key links of risk control points like whether the procurement link was lawful and legal;how to control TCM acceptance quality;whether TCM maintenance method was valid;whether transportation and distribution affected the quality of goods. For this purpose,procurement link should be based on the es-tablishment of legal purchase channels;the experience of TCM appearance and property acceptance should be gathered in receiving and acceptance link to guarantee the quality of warehoused drugs based on the requirements of the newly revised GSP;storage and maintenance link should take an effective control of temperature and humidity,and carry out the scientific maintenance;exware-house and transportation link should highlight the“green logistics”,accomplishing quality and non-pollution.

Hypoglycemic effects and mechanism of mulberry leaves polysaccharide / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the hypoglycemic mechanism of mulberry leaves polysaccharide (MLP) in diabetic mice. Methods: Alloxan-induced diabetic model of mice was continuously ig administered with the distilled water, MLP at doses of 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 g/kg, respectively for six weeks. Body weight was recorded weekly. Blood samples were collected for measurement of blood glucose at the 2nd, 4th, and 6th weekends after fasting for 5 h. Glucose tolerance test was carried out and femoral artery blood was taken to measure the glycosylated serum proteins (GSP) and the blood serum insulin content at the 6th weekend. The liver glycogen, homogenate protein content, hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK), SOD, GSH-Px activity, and MDA level were measured in the end of the experiments. Results: Symptoms of diabetic mice fed with MLP were improved. The blood glucose level, the area under curve of the blood glucose, and GSP of diabetic mice fed with MLP decreased obviously. Their blood serum insulin, liver glycogen synthesis, HK secrection, SOD vitality, and body weight increased significantly. However, their MDA content decreased obviously. The PK vitality of diabetic mice fed with MLP at dose of 0.5 g/kg increased significantly, while there was little effect on GSH-Px activity. The ratios of liver, kidney, and spleen to body weight increased obviously in diabetic mice, but decreased obviously in the diabetic mice fed with MLP. Conclusion: It is suggested that MLP has the effects of enhancing their anti-oxidation by increasing SOD vitality and decreasing MDA content in diabetic mice. Through promoting insulin secretion and improving liver HK and PK vitality to promote blood glucose to enter the liver cells, glycogen synthesis, glucose oxidation, and decomposition are accelerated, and MLP can regulate the glucose metabolism, reduce blood sugar, and improve the symptoms in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.

Counseling on Sticky Issues on the Authentication of GSP / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To facilitate the smooth enforcement of GSP authentication.METHODS:Based on real practices and operations,factors affecting the consolidation of GSP authentication were investigated and analyzed aimed at the dropping back of some enterprises'quality management after passing the GSP authentication.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Only thro_ ugh strengthening people's consciousness and standardizing their recognition on management,sparing no efforts in improving,matching and concerting policies and laws®ulations can the GSP authentication work be carried out smoothly.

Gene Expression of Somatostatin Receptor (Subtype 2 & 5), Gi2 alpha and Pit-1 in GH-secreting Pituitary Adenomas / 대한내분비학회지

BACKGROUND: Mutation of Gs protein subunit (gsp oncogene), detected in about 30~40% of growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary tumors, is associated with an increased long-acting somatostatin analog octreotide sensitivity. However, the mRNA expression of somatostatin receptor (sst) was not changed in the GH-secreting pituitary tumor, regardless of whether they were gsp oncogene positive or negative. This suggests that the expression of genes coding for Gi2 alpha , Pit-1 and the other factors involved in the regulation of secretory activity in somatotrophs is likely to be altered in gsp oncogene positive tumors. We observed the impact of the gsp oncogene on the expression of the genes coding for Gi2 alpha, Pit-1 and sst (2&5) in GH-secreting pituitary tumors. METHODS: The GH response to octreotide was examined in 13 acromegalic patients before transsphenoidal adenomectomy. Genomic DNA and RNA were extracted from fresh frozen tumor tissues. PCR was performed to amplify and sequence the region between codon 184 and 251 that includes exons 8 and 9 of the Gs gene. Sst2, sst5, Gi2 alpha and Pit-1 mRNA levels were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: Sst2 and sst5 mRNA transcripts were detected in all tumors (7 gsp +, 6 gsp-). The amount of sst transcripts varied considerably varied between the tumors. There were no significant differences in sex, age, tumor size, grade or basal GH levels. Pit-1 and sst2 mRNA levels were not different. In contrast, Gi2 alpha mRNA levels were significantly higher in gsp (+) while sst5 mRNA levels were higher in gsp (-). CONCLUSION: These data suggests that gsp oncogene may increase Gi2 alpha levels but decrease sst5 mRNA levels. However, Pit-1 and sst2 mRNA expression may not be affected by gsp oncogene. The increased expression of the Gi2 alpha gene might be an inhibitory compensatory response to the action of gsp oncogene.

How to Establish a Perfect System of Drug Quality Management / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To help drug distributing enterprises pass the GSP verification METHODS:This paper introduces the five phases of establishing a perfect system of drug quality management based on a lot of practice RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Only if the leaders and staffs realize the importance of drug quality and make the drug quality management system work effectively,we can say that the enterprises really implement GSP

Discussion on the Developing Trend of Drug Managing Enterprises after GSP Authentication / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To put forward the developing direction of drug managing enterprises in order to provide the reference for the governmental polices.METHODS:A field investigation was carried out in Shannxi province to analyze the problems existing in the drug managing enterprises after GSP authentication.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Multielement,linkage,large scale,standardization,consideration,and information all constitute important factors in the development of drug managing enterprises.

Analysis on the Trend of the Development of Chinese Drug Retailing by Comparing Chinese Good Supply Practice(GSP)with Those of the Foreign Countries / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study of the development trend of drug retail enterprises in China.METHODS:A comparison of GSP among China,Japan,America and Great Britain was made.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The drug retailing in China should develop toward a mode of monolithic chain store.Large-scale drug distribution center should be established to meet the demands of drug supply&delivery.The professional service level should be improved to satisfy consumers'needs for rational use of drugs.Attention should be paid on the management of health products and those products that with their own brands so as to adapt the needs of industry development.

The Significance of Passing GSP Authentication of Mono-Drugstores by Joining in the Drug Chain Stores / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the significance of passing GSP authentication of mono-drugstores by joining in the drugstore chain.METHODS:The status quo of GSP authentication was surveyed so as to find the merits of the GSP authenti-cation-passed drug chain retailers and the drug chain wholesalers.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The mode of achieving the passage of GSP authentication of the mono-drugstore by joining in the drug store chain is feasible and essential.

Investigation and Research on GSP Authentication of Drug Supply Enterprises in Shannxi Province / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To find an efficient avenue to the solution of problems existed in GSP authentication so as to provide references for the concerned governmental departments in the process of working out further laws and regulations and policies.METHODS:Practical problems existed in the GSP authentication of drug supply enterprises in Shannxi province were analyzed by the on the spot research method.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Only through multi-sectional cooperation,further improving personnel quality of different kinds of people,clarifying each one's duty and regulating different management sys-tem,can GSP be put into practice successfully.

Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone(TRH) Receptor Gene Expression in GH3 Cells Permanently Transfected with a Mutant Gs alpha Gene / 대한내분비학회지

BACKGROUND: Gs alpha gene mutation, that constitutively increases intracellular cAMP, is found in some acromegalic patients. It was demonstrated that increased intracellular cAMP levels suppress the expression of rat TRH receptor (TRH-R) mRNA. We previously demonstrated that transient expression of a mutant Gs alpha gene suppress the rat TRH-R gene expression in the cultured rat growth hormone-secreting tumor cell line (GH3), whereas TRH-R gene expression in adenomas with Gs alpha gene mutation (gsp oncogene) did not differ from that in tumors without the mutation. The discrepancy suggests the possibilities that the effect of permanent expression of mutant Gs alpha gene on TRH-R gene expression is different from that of transient expression of the mutant gene and hypothalamic hormones including TRH regulate the gene expression. METHODS: We investigated whether permanent expression of the mutant-type Gs alpha does not suppress the TRH receptor gene expression in GH3 cells, and whether TRH suppresses the gene expression by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in vitro transcription. RESULTS: Permanent expression of a mutant-type Gs alpha increased basal cAMP levels up to 1.7-fold relative to the controls, whereas the wild-type cell line did not show increased cAMP levels. Permanent expression of a mutant-type Gs alpha increased TRH receptor mRNA level up to 2.8 fold compared with the controls. Treatment of the permanently transfected GH3 cells with TRH suppressed TRH-R gene expression more prominently compared to the wild type GH3 cells. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that permanent expression of mutant Gs alpha enhances the expression of TRH-R in GH-secreting pituitary tumors with gsp oncogene, but the gene expression may also be regulated by other factors including TRH.

Characteristics of gsp-Positive Growth Hormone-secreting Pituitary Tumors

A subset of human growth hormone(GH)-secreting pituitary tumors contains the gsp oncogene that encodes an activation mutation of the alpha subunit of Gsalpha, a stimulatory GTP-binding protein. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of the gsp oncogene in GH-secreting pituitary tumors in Korean acromegalic patients and to elucidate the clinical reaction of these patients to endocrine testing. Direct PCR sequencing revealed gsp oncogene mutation in nine of 21 tumors(43%) at amino acid 201 of the Gsalpha protein. A single nucleotide mutation in tumors carrying the gsp oncogene was observed in eight tumors, this replaced an arginine(CGT) in normal protein with cysteine(TGT), and in one, with serine(AGT). Patients in the in whom gsp oncogene mutation occurred were older(54 years vs. 41 years, p=0.01) than those in the normal group. Sex, tumor grade, basal GH and PRL levels, GH response to oral glucose loading, GH fluctuation, and paradoxical response to TRH or GnRH did not differ between the groups : gsp oncogene was found mostly in somatotroph adenomas. Octreotide-induced GH suppression was significantly higher in the mutation group than in the normal group(95% vs. 81%, p=0.03), but the GH response to bromocriptine did not differ between the groups. These results suggest that Gsalpha mutations of GH-secreting tumors occur in Korean acromegalic patients with a similar frequency to that found in Western countries. Patients with gsp oncogene are likely to be older than those without it, and show high levels of octreotide-induced GH suppression.

Signal Transduction Related Oncogenes in Human Adrenal Cortical Tumor; Gsα Giα, CREB / 대한내분비학회지

Functioning adrenal cortical tumors are originated form a distinct zone(zonna glomerulosa, zonna fasciculata or zonna reticularis) or the transitonal zone of adrenal gland. Each zone of the gland is regulated by their specific hormons or cytokines, and their signal transduction systems are different. The oncogenes of many endocrine tumors were mutated proteins involved in signal transduction, however gip is the only reported oncogene in adrenal cortical tumors. Therefore we decided to reevaluate whether gsp might be detected as an oncogene in several different functioning adrenal tumors, and we also tested whether CREB protein is a tentative oncogene or not. In our study, gsp was not detected in 13 patients, however gip was not also detected unexpectedly. There were no mutations in the phosporylation site of CREB("P" box) in adrenal cushing syndrome. We concluded that gip was not a oncogene detected frequently in adrenal cortical tumor, and CREB protein was not considered as a tentative oncogen, because there might be no amplification of the signals due to its extreme distal component of PKA or PKC system.

Analysis and Consideration of the Problems in GSP Certification in China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To improve the quality of GSP certification and accelerate the proceedings of certification in China.METHODS:This paper introduces the current situation in the certification,also points out the existing prob?lems.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Goverment concerned should strength the GSP training and the leaders in the drug busi?ness enterprises must attach importance to GSP certification and value the training inside the enterprises to raise the quality of staff,also they must keep the same level after passing GSP certification.

Investigation on Shanxi Provincial Drug Handling Enterprises after Passing GSP Authentication / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the status quo of the drug handling enterprises that passed GSP authentication.METHODS:Targeted at part of GSP authentication-passed drug handling enterprises in Shanxi province,research methods like interview,direct observation,questionnaires etc.were adopted in the study.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Some items in the current GSP need to be further specified and quantified.The GSP authentication should be conducted in strata.Drugs handling enterprises should emphasis the training of staffs to improve their comprehensive qualities,utilize and improve hard-ware facilities to improve business running conditions and warehouse conditions,strengthen the checking system through the evolvement of quality management rules and post responsibility regulations and to strengthen drug handling enterprises’man-agement on drug sources.

EFFECTS OF GRAPE SEED PROANTHOCYANIDIN ON HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELL INJURED BY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE / 营养学报

Objective To study the anti-injury effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) on the umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC)injured by hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) and its mechanism. Method Oxidative damage model of endothelial cell was induced by H2O2,and the cells were divided into five groups,including normal groups,oxidative damage group and three (100,50,10 ?g/ml) GSP pretreated groups. MTT assay was used to detect the protection of GSP,Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect the protein expression in mRNA level of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) and flow cytometry(FCM) was used to detect apoptosis rate and quantitate the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule(ICAM-1)and vascular cell adhesion molecule ( VCAM-1). Results The cell optical density in oxidation damaged group was lower than that in normal control. When pretreated by GSP,the OD value was increased,and was insignificantly different between high GSP group and normal control. In H2O2 damage group,the expression of MCP-1 mRNA and the apoptosis rate were increased,and the numbers of positive cells which express ICAM-1 or VCAM-1 were obviously more than those in pretreated groups respectively.Futhermore,these effects were dose dependent. Conclusion GSP has the protective effect on oxidative damage of HUVEC. The mechanism may be related to stabilization of cell wall and inhibition of inflammatory reaction and apoptosis induced by ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and MCP-1.