Simultaneous isolation of gallotannins and a related phenolic from Mangifera indica kernels and assessment of their anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activities

Therapeutic alternatives are being searched for trichomoniasis as a result of the increased prevalence of metronidazoleresistant infections. Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae) is an importanttree with a long history in medicine. Traditionally, ithas been used as an anti-diarrheal and anti-diabetic, and recently, its gallotannin-rich leaves and stem bark extracts have shownantiparasitic activities against various parasites. Aiming at exploring the anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity of mango’sgallotannins, an aqueous ethanol extract of fresh kernels of M. indica was phytochemically investigated. Based on a simplegel chromatographic procedure, ethyl gallate (2), a group of five isomeric tetragalloyl-glucoses (3–7), and a pentagalloylglucose (8) were simultaneously isolated from a single fraction by a preparative Reversed-phase-high performance liquidchromatography. The isolates were identified based on spectroscopic analyses and comparison with reported data. Theyshowed structural-dependent inhibitory effects on the growth of T. vaginalis trophozoites in an in vitro investigation.Ethyl gallate and 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (7) exhibited elevated anti-T. vaginalis activity (IC50 = 1.3, 2.4μg/ml, respectively). This is the first report exploring the potential of gallotannins as trichomonacidal agents.

Ellagic acid production using polyphenols from orange peel waste by submerged fermentation

Background: Biotechnological processes are part of modern industry as well as stricter environmental requirements. The need to reduce production costs and pollution demands for alternatives that involve the integral use of agro-industrial waste to produce bioactive compounds. The citrus industry generates large amounts of wastes due to the destruction of the fruits by microorganisms and insects together with the large amounts of orange waste generated during the production of juice and for sale fresh. The aim of this study was used orange wastes rich in polyphenolic compounds can be used as source carbon of Aspergillus fumigatus MUM 1603 to generate high added value compounds, for example, ellagic acid and other molecules of polyphenolic origin through submerged fermentation system. Results: The orange peel waste had a high concentration of polyphenols, 28% being condensed, 27% ellagitannins, 25% flavonoids and 20% gallotannins. The major polyphenolic compounds were catechin, EA and quercetin. The conditions, using an experimental design of central compounds, that allow the production of the maximum concentration of EA (18.68 mg/g) were found to be: temperature 30°C, inoculum 2 × 107 (spores/g) and orange peel polyphenols 6.2 (g/L). Conclusion: The submerged fermentation process is an effective methodology for the biotransformation of molecules present in orange waste to obtain high value-added as ellagic acid that can be used as powerful antioxidants, antibacterial and other applications.

Identification and fragmentation regularity of polyphenol compounds from Galla Quercina by UPLC-MS/MS / 中草药

Objective To explore the fragmentation regularity and identify the polyphenol components in Galla Quercina. Methods Waters Xevo TQD liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer ESI negative mode was used to analysis, mobile phase was 0.02% formic acid-water and acetonitrile for gradient eluent. Data were analyzed by Mass Lynx software. Results Three categories and 15 compounds in Galla Quercina were identified and divided into gallotannins, ellagitannins, and phenolic acids. Gallotannins was cleaved by loss of gallic acyl, C2H2O, CH2O, CO2, and OH, and the gallotannins had the regular loss of gallic acid units (152). Conclusion The results of fragmentation mechanism can be used to detect polyphenol compounds in Galla Quercina and provide a useful reference for the study on the chemical constituents of medicinal plants rich in polyphenols.

Screening of anti-inflammatory components in Mangiferae Indicae Semen based on bioactivity-integrated UPLC-Q/TOF analysis / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Mangiferae Indicae Semen (MIS) and to screen its bioactive components on nuclear factor-κappa B (NF-κB) inhibition. Methods: The anti-inflammatory effects of MIS were assessed in the swelling of mouse ear induced by dimethylbenzene and the HEK293 inflammatory models induced by TNF-α. UPLC-Q/TOF MS coupled with NF-κB activity luciferase reporter assay system was applied to detect the potential anti-inflammatory components in MIS extract. Results: MIS extract could ameliorate the edema in swelling of mouse ear induced by dimethylbenzene. Ten components were screened to have the potential NF-κB inhibitory effects based on the bioactivity-integrated UPLC-Q/TOF assay system. MIS could contribute to the alleviation of inflammation in the swelling of mouse ear and inhibit the expression of NF-κB. Ten potential active ingredients were found to have anti-inflammatory effects as NF-κB inhibitors, which were mangiferin and gallotannins. The gallotannins included gallic acid, 1-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside, 1-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl- (l→6)-β-D-galactopyranoside, 1,2,3-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 1,2,3,4-tetragalloyl-β-D-glucose, 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucose, and hexagalloylglucose. Conclusion: Mangiferin and gallotannins are verified to be the main bioactive compounds in MIS.