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1.
Nucleus (La Habana) ; (66): 58-65, jul.-dic. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1091402

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Se resumen las diferentes experiencias en la aplicación de las técnicas nucleares y conexas en el estudio de diversos problemas ambientales de la Ciudad de La Habana. El análisis medioambiental mediante las técnicas de Análisis por Activación Neutrónica (AAN) y Gamma (AAG), Fluorescencia de Rayos X (FRX), Espectrometría por Absorción Atómica (EAA) y por Inducción de plasma acoplado (ICP), así como la Espectrometría Gamma de Bajo Fondo (EGBF), han permitido obtener información muy relevante sobre el comportamiento de los metales pesados, antibióticos y radionúclidos en los sedimentos marinos y fluviales, suelos urbanos y agrícolas, aguas, arenas de balnearios, polvos urbanos y productos de la agricultura urbana de la ciudad de La Habana.


ABSTRACT Various nuclear and related analytical techniques applied to study different environmental problems in Havana city are presented. The environmental analysis by means of Neutron and Gamma Activation analyses, X-ray Fluorescence Atomic Abortion and Induced Coupled Plasma spectroscopies and Low Background , Gamma Spectrometry, have allowed to obtain important information about the behavior of heavy metals, antibiotics and radionuclides in sediments, urban and agricultural soils, waters, beach sands, urban dusts and agricultural products farmed in the Havana city.

2.
Nucleus (La Habana) ; (50): 7-11, jul.-dic. 2011.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-738949

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Effects induced by hurricanes Gustav and Ike on the characteristics of the San Diego River mud have been studied. X-ray fluorescence analysis, gamma spectrometry and the measurement of some physical andchemical characteristics in mud samples, collected before and after the hurricanes, show that the hurricanes induced changes not only in mud major composition but also in some other mud characteristics. The average sedimentation rate determined by gamma spectrometry in San Diego River outlet allowed to estimate that the original mud characteristics will be recovered no sooner // earlier than after 5-7 years. Further studies on the influence of changes in mud characteristics and in its therapeutic properties as a result of the impact of hurricanes are recommended as well.


RESUMEN Se estudian los efectos inducidos por los huracanes Gustav e Ike en las características principales de los lodos del río San Diego. La fluorescencia de rayos X, la espectrometría gamma y la medición de varios parámetros físico-químicos de lodos, colectados antes y después del paso de los huracanes en septiembre del 2008 mostraron que los huracanes provocaron cambios en la composición mayoritaria y en otras características de los lodos. La tasa de sedimentación promedio determinada por espectrometría gamma en la desembocadura del río San Diego permitió estimar que las características originales de los lodos medicinales no se recobrarán hasta dentro de 5-7 años. Se recomienda estudiar cómo influyen en las propiedades terapéuticas de los lodos, los cambios ocurridos en sus características producto del impacto de los huracanes.

3.
Nucleus (La Habana) ; (46): 21-26, jul.-dic. 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-738923

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The capabilities of the LowBackground Gamma Spectrometer (LBGS) at InSTEC were studied for environmental purposes. Fifty three glines were identified in the LBGS background spectrum. The Minimum Detectable Activity for , , , , and were calculated using the detector’s volumetric efficiency simulated by Monte Carlo method. Validation was performed by absolute and relative analysis of radionuclide activities present in a marine sediment certified material.


RESUMEN Se determinan las potencialidades del Espectrómetro Gamma de Bajo Fondo del InSTEC con fines ambientales. Se identificaron 53 líneas gamma en el espectro de fondo natural del espectrómetro. Se calculan las actividades mínimas detectables para los radionucleidos , , , , and empleando la eficiencia volumétrica del detector simulada por Monte Carlo. Como validación se determinan, por vía absoluta y relativa, las actividades de los radionucleidos presentes en un estándar de sedimento marino.

4.
Nucleus (La Habana) ; (45): 37-43, ene.-jun. 2009. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-738919

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Lowbackground gamma spectrometry was applied to analyze the uranium enrichment of the nuclear fuel used in the InSTEC Sub Critical ensemble. The enrichment was calculated by two variants: an absolute method using the Monte Carlo method to simulated detector volumetric efficiency, and an iterative procedure without using standard sources. The results confirm that the nuclear fuel of the ensemble is natural uranium without any additional degree of enrichment.


RESUMEN Se analiza el grado de enriquecimiento del uranio del combustible nuclear usado en el Conjunto Subcrítico del InSTEC mediante espectrometría gamma de bajo fondo. El enriquecimiento se calcula tanto por vía absoluta, simulando la eficiencia del detector por Monte Carlo, como por un procedimiento iterativo que no requiere del empleo de muestras estándares. Los resultados confirman que el combustible nuclear es uranio natural sin ningún grado de enriquecimiento adicional.

5.
Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and Protection ; (12): 432-434,448, 2009.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-597290

ABSTRACT

Objective To establish an efficiency calibration method without a radioactive source for Inspector 2000 gamma spectroscopy system.Methods At the fwst step,geometry parameters of the detector were properly specified by comparisons of FEPE(Full Energy Peak Efficiency)between Monte Carlo(MC)calculations and the average measured values of HPGe and NaI detectors using point sources(137 Cs).The differences between calculations and measurements were generally within ±10% for gamma rays.Then,Monte Carlo simulation was used to evaluate the counting efficiency of Nal(TI)and HPGe detectors for BOMAB phantoms.Corresponding efficiency curves and functions were fitted.Results The counting efficiency received from the fitted efficiency functions had a good agreement with those from MC simulation.The bias for Nal detector ranged from-19% to 18%,while the bias for HPGe detector ranged from-11% to 17%.The above errors were totally acceptable in the on-site deployment during nuclear and radiological emergency events.Conclusions Monte Carlo method is simple,time and laborsaving in determing the counting efficiency of gamma spectroscopy system.

6.
Nucleus (La Habana) ; (42): 16-27, jul.-dic. 2007.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-738903

ABSTRACT

En el trabajo se presentan las tendencias actuales en las metodologías para evaluar el daño de los materiales metálicos constructivos y la vida residual de las instalaciones de la industria energética, la del petróleo y otros procesos químicos. Se refirieren algunas de las ideas existentes sobre los fundamentos de la inspección de los componentes para detectar los defectos en el material metálico. Se describen los principales mecanismos de degradación de los materiales en esas instalaciones y se resumen las técnicas experimentales más empleadas in situ en el laboratorio para caracterizar esos mecanismos. Se presenta un grupo de métodos de análisis que se emplean para evaluar la degradación de los materiales y la vida residual de esas componentes.


The need to assess objectively a structural integrity analysis in nuclear and thermal power-, oil- and chemical- industry systems, represents a large challenge for engineers and researchers related to Materials Science, equipment manufactures or users. These systems share many of their problems with regards to aging mechanisms of components metallic materials, high replacement costs and increasing requirements on efficiency and safety. This paper makes an attempt to give an overview of the current trends on material damage and residual life assessment for installations of power-, oil- and chemical industry. Some of the currently existing ideas on components inspection, as an activity for damage detection are shown. A summary on mechanisms of material damage and experimental techniques for their characterization is also presented. Finally, some analytical methods with wide appliance in materials damage evaluation and residual life assessment of components are described.

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