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This study aimed to determine the antiulcerogenic and antioxidant activities of Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk) seed ethanolic extract in rats. We assessed the antioxidant potential using free radical scavenging on DPPH, ß-carotene bleaching activity, ferric reducing power, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. In the antiulcerogenic study, pre-treatment with Plantago ovata seeds ethanolic extract (POE) (400 mg/kg b.wt) significantly protected against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats by decreasing the ulcer index value and preserving the integrity of the gastric mucosa. The oxidative stress status in the stomach tissues showed a significant increase in the antioxidant enzyme levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase with a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation during pre-treatment with POE. In conclusion, the POE protects against gastric ulcer due to its antioxidant potential and presence of bioactive molecules.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar as atividades antiulcerogênica e antioxidante das sementes de Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk) em ratos. O potencial antioxidante foi avaliado utilizando o método do sequestro do radical livre DPPH, autooxidação do ß-caroteno, poder redutor de ferro e atividade de sequestro do radical hidroxila. No estudo antiulcerogênico, o pré-tratamento com o extrato etanólico das sementes de Plantago ovata (POE) (400 mg/Kg b.wt) reduziu a úlcera gástrica induzida pelo etanol em ratos, diminuindo o valor do índice de úlcera e preservando a integridade da mucosa gástrica. O estudo do estresse oxidativo nos tecidos estomacais mostrou um aumento significativo dos níveis das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase, catalase e glutationa peroxidase, com uma diminuição significativa da peroxidação lipídica enquanto pré-tratamento com POE. Em conclusão, o POE protege contra úlcera gástrica devido aos seus potenciais antioxidantes e à presença de moléculas bioativas.
Subject(s)
Rats , Plantago , Stomach Ulcer , Gastric Mucosa , Phytotherapy , AntioxidantsABSTRACT
Abstract This study aimed to determine the antiulcerogenic and antioxidant activities of Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk) seed ethanolic extract in rats. We assessed the antioxidant potential using free radical scavenging on DPPH, -carotene bleaching activity, ferric reducing power, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. In the antiulcerogenic study, pre-treatment with Plantago ovata seeds ethanolic extract (POE) (400 mg/kg b.wt) significantly protected against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats by decreasing the ulcer index value and preserving the integrity of the gastric mucosa. The oxidative stress status in the stomach tissues showed a significant increase in the antioxidant enzyme levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase with a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation during pre-treatment with POE. In conclusion, the POE protects against gastric ulcer due to its antioxidant potential and presence of bioactive molecules.
Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar as atividades antiulcerogênica e antioxidante das sementes de Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk) em ratos. O potencial antioxidante foi avaliado utilizando o método do sequestro do radical livre DPPH, autooxidação do -caroteno, poder redutor de ferro e atividade de sequestro do radical hidroxila. No estudo antiulcerogênico, o pré-tratamento com o extrato etanólico das sementes de Plantago ovata (POE) (400 mg/Kg b.wt) reduziu a úlcera gástrica induzida pelo etanol em ratos, diminuindo o valor do índice de úlcera e preservando a integridade da mucosa gástrica. O estudo do estresse oxidativo nos tecidos estomacais mostrou um aumento significativo dos níveis das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase, catalase e glutationa peroxidase, com uma diminuição significativa da peroxidação lipídica enquanto pré-tratamento com POE. Em conclusão, o POE protege contra úlcera gástrica devido aos seus potenciais antioxidantes e à presença de moléculas bioativas.
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SUMMARY: Mormodica balsamina is a valuable medicinal plant that is used to treat wounds and inflammation; its leaves are also used as an antibiotic and in the treatment of stomach pain. This study was conducted to determine the anti-ulcer activity of methanolic leaf extract of Mormodica balsamina on ethanol-induced ulcer in albino rats. A total of 32 rats were used for the study. Groups I and II served as the baseline and negative controls respectively, while groups III-VII served as the test groups. Group I was untreated, while group II received 1ml/kg body weight of the vehicle (2 % DMSO). Three test groups (III - V) received methanol extracts (75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg/kg body weight respectively) while the other three test groups (VI - VIII) received aqueous extracts (75 mg, 150mg, 300 mg/kg body weight respectively) via oral gavage for seven days prior to ulcer induction. The rats were sacrificed, stomachs excised and ulcers scored. Histological sections were produced and examined. Findings revealed that M. balsamina extracts protected the rats' gastric epithelia from ethanol induced ulceration to varying degree with the high dose (150 and 300 mg/kg) of both extracts offering the best preservation (42 % and 50 % ulcer protective index respectively) when compared to untreated animals. Histological findings correlated with calculated ulcer indices, with treated animals having less severe gastric mucosal lesions. In conclusion, extracts of M. balsamina may possess reasonable antiulcer activities in rats against ethanol induced gastric ulcer.
Mormodica balsamina es una valiosa planta medicinal que se utiliza para tratar heridas e inflamaciones; sus hojas también se utilizan como antibiótico y en el tratamiento del dolor de estómago. Este estudio se realizó para determinar la actividad antiulcerosa del extracto metanólico de hojas de Mormodica balsamina sobre la úlcera inducida por etanol en ratas albinas. Se utilizaron un total de 32 ratas para el estudio. Los grupos I y II sirvieron como referencia y controles negativos respectivamente, mientras que los grupos III-VII sirvieron como grupos de prueba. El grupo I no se trató, mientras que el grupo II recibió 1 ml/kg de peso corporal del vehículo (2% de DMSO). Tres grupos de prueba (III - V) recibieron extractos de metanol (75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg/ kg de peso corporal respectivamente) mientras que los otros tres grupos de prueba (VI - VIII) recibieron extractos acuosos (75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg/kg de peso corporal respectivamente) por sonda oral durante siete días antes de la inducción de la úlcera. Se sacrificaron las ratas, se extirparon los estómagos y se puntuaron las úlceras. Se realizaron y examinaron secciones histológicas. Los resultados revelaron que los extractos de M. balsamina protegieron el epitelio gástrico de las ratas de la ulceración inducida por etanol en diversos grados, y la dosis alta (150 y 300 mg/kg) de ambos extractos ofreció la mejor conservación (42 % y 50 % de índice de protección contra úlceras, respectivamente) en comparación con los animales no tratados. Los hallazgos histológicos se correlacionaron con los índices de úlcera calculados, y los animales tratados tenían lesiones de la mucosa gástrica menos graves. En extractos de M. balsamina puede poseer actividades antiulcerosas razonables en ratas contra la úlcera gástrica inducida por etanol.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Momordica/chemistry , Ethanol/toxicity , Anti-Ulcer Agents/administration & dosage , Plants, Medicinal , Stomach Ulcer/chemically induced , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Momordica balsamica , Plant Leaves , Disease Models, Animal , Gastric Mucosa/drug effects , Anti-Ulcer Agents/chemistryABSTRACT
Siendo el cáncer gástrico la 3ª causa de muerte por cáncer en Chile, y existiendo estrategias de tamizaje consistentes en pesquisa de lesiones preneoplásicas de la mucosa gástrica, es relevante conocer los aspectos genéticos y moleculares que puedan ser aplicados, en la optimización de dichas estrategias a grupos de mayor riesgo. El objetivo de este manuscrito fue revisar la evidencia actual en los aspectos señalados, y de la inmunohistoquímica de 4 marcadores (p53, CDX2, MUC2 y S100A9) en la mucosa gástrica normal y en las lesiones preneoplásicas de la misma.
SUMMARY: Since gastric cancer is the 3rd leading cause of death from cancer in Chile, and there are screening strategies consisting of screening for preneoplastic lesions of the gastric mucosa, it is important to know certain genetic and molecular aspects that can be applied in optimizing these strategies for higher risk groups. The aim of this manuscript was to review the current evidence on the aforementioned aspects, and on the immunohistochemistry of 4 markers (p53, CDX2, MUC2 and S100A9) in normal gastric mucosa and in its preneoplastic lesions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Precancerous Conditions/pathology , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Gastric Mucosa/pathology , Precancerous Conditions/genetics , Precancerous Conditions/metabolism , Stomach Neoplasms/genetics , Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Biomarkers, Tumor , Mass Screening , Risk Factors , Genes, p53 , Mucin-2 , CDX2 Transcription Factor , Gastric Mucosa/metabolism , MetaplasiaABSTRACT
Objectives:To investigate the clinical value of endoscopy and mucosal histology for digestive tract diseases in infants.Methods:Clinical data of 357 infants who underwent 422 gastrointestinal endoscopies from January 2010 to December 2021 were collected. The indications, endoscopic manifestations, histological features of mucosa and diagnosis were analyzed.Results:A total of 159 gastroscopies and 263 colonoscopies were performed. Diarrhea (185 cases), bloody stool (178 cases) and vomiting (46 cases) were common symptoms. Endoscopy showed manifestations including non-specific inflammatory changes (265 cases), ulcer-like changes (72 cases), and normal mucusa (48 cases). A total of 373 biopsies were performed, including 260 cases of abnormal mucosal histology, 109 cases of normal mucosal histology, and 4 cases of too small biopsy specimens for analysis. Diagnoses were 208 cases of anaphylactic disease, 45 cases of inflammatory bowel disease, 15 cases of variation of structure, 10 cases of intestinal lymphangiectasis, 2 cases of autoimmune enteropathy, and 1 case of celiac disease. There was only 1 colonic perforation complicating endoscopy in terms of endoscopic complication.Conclusions:It is safe and effective to perform endoscopy standardly for digestive tract diseases in infants. Endoscopy with biopsies is a greatly informative test for diagnosis in infants.
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Objective@#To explore the microbial correlation between oral tongue coating (TC) and gastric mucosa (GM) in patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM).@*Methods@#The present study recruited 1360 volunteers for upper gastrointestinal cancer screening. The microbiota in TC and GM were profiled by long-read sequencing of full-length 16S rRNA gene. The microbial diversity, community structure, and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) were analyzed by the software Visual Genomics. SparCC correlation analysis was used to construct the commensal network and the graphical display was conducted by R software.@*Results@#The population included 44 patients with precancerous GIM, and 28 matched controls with negative rapid urease test (RUT) and non-symptomatic chronic superficial gastritis (CSG). No significant difference in diversity was observed between GIM patients and controls in TC or GM microbiota (P > 0.05). Patients had a higher percentage of 41 – 60 co-occurring operational taxonomic units (OTUs) between TC and GM than controls (34.1% vs. 25.0%) (P < 0.05). The LEfSe showed that TC Prevotella melaninogenica and three gastric Helicobacter species (i.e., Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter pylori XZ274, and Helicobacter pylori 83) were enriched in patients with GIM. Furthermore, GIM patients with positive RUT had a lower percentage of co-occurring OTUs over 20 (P < 0.05), and lower abundances of gastric Veillonella, Pseudonocardia, and Mesorhizobium than those with negative RUT (P < 0.05). The commensal network between TC and GM was more complex in GIM patients than in controls. GIM patients with positive RUT demonstrated more bacterial correlations between TC and GM than those with negative RUT. Finally, the serum ratio of PG-I/II was negatively correlated with three gastric Helicobacter species (Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter pylori XZ274, and Helicobacter pylori 83) in patients with negative RUT (P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with two TC species (Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum and Campylobacter showae) in patients with positive RUT (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#The development of GIM potentiated the commensal network between oral TC and GM, providing microbial evidence of the correlation between TC and the stomach.
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OBJECTIVE To explore the improvement effect and potential mechanism of total flavonoids from Alpinia zerumbet on gastric mucosa injury induced by absolute ethanol through microRNA-146a-5p （miR-146a-5p）. METHODS Using human gastric mucosa GES-1 cells as objects， the acute gastric ulcer model was established by absolute ethanol； based on the investigation of the effects of different concentrations of total flavonoids from A. zerumbet on cell activity and the selection of action concentration， the relative expression level of miR-146a-5p in GES-1 cells was detected， the protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor （TNF） receptor-associated factor 6（TRAF6）， nuclear factor-κB p65 （NF-κB p65） and TNF-α were detected， and the levels of interleukin- 1β （IL-1β）， IL-6 and prostaglandin E2 （PGE2） in cell supernatant were determined. The targeting relationship between miR-146a- 5p and TRAF6 was verified； the effects of overexpressed miR-146a-5p and TRAF6 knockdown on the levels of IL-1β， IL-6 and PEG2 in supernatant of model cells as well as the effects of miR-146a-5p knockdown on anti-gastric ulcer effect of total flavonoids from A. zerumbet were observed. RESULTS Compared with the blank group， the relative expression of miR-146a-5p in cells and the level of PGE2 in cell supernatant were decreased significantly in the model group （P＜0.01）， while the protein expressions of TRAF6， NF-κB p65 and TNF-α in cells and the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in cell supernatant were increased significantly （P＜ 0.01）. Compared with the model group， the relative expression of miR-146a-5p in cells and the level of PGE2 in cell supernatant were increased significantly in model+A. zerumbet total flavonoids （60 mg/L） group （P＜0.01）， while the protein expressions of TRAF6， NF-κB p65 and TNF-α in cells and 82260767） the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in cell supernatant were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. There was a targeted relationship and a negative correlation between miR-146a-5p E-mail：3113836821@qq.com and TRAF6. After overexpression of miR-146a-5p or TRAF6 knockdown， the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were decreased significantly in cell supernatant， while the level of PGE2 was increased significantly （P＜0.05）. After miR-146a-5p knockdown， the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in cell supernatant and the protein expression of TRAF6 in cells administered with total flavonoids of A. zerumbet were increased significantly， while the level of PGE2 was decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Total flavonoids of A. zerumbet can improve the gastric mucosa injury induced by absolute ethanol. The mechanism may be related to up-regulating the expression of miR-146a-5p， inhibiting the expression of TRAF6， and further inhibiting the secretion of related inflammatory factors.
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Helicobacter pylori es un microrganismo que se considera que afecta al 50% de la población. Se realizó un estudio con diseño no experimental, correlacional y transversal, con el objetivo de determinar la asociación de los resultados de pruebas diagnósticas de infección por H. pylori a través de biopsia obtenida por endoscopía superior y prueba de antígeno de la superficie en mues-tras de heces en 100 pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Gastroenterología del Centro Clínico Quirúrgico Ambulatorio (Hospital del Día) Efrén Jurado López del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS), en la ciudad de Guayaquil, Ecuador, durante 2019. La media de la edad en la muestra de estudio fue 37,5 años, con un predominio del género femenino (78%). El 65% de las pruebas de antígeno para la detección de H. pylori en heces resultaron negativas. Los repor-tes de las pruebas de antígeno en heces e histopatología permitieron apreciar diferencias entre estos, pero con predominio de las coincidencias en los diagnósticos positivos. Existió una asocia-ción estadísticamente significativa entre las lesiones inflamatorias de la mucosa gástrica producto de la gastritis crónica atrófica y la infección por H. pylori. Los resultados de las dos pruebas diag-nósticas tuvieron una correlación lineal positiva y débil con significación estadística.
Helicobacter pylori is a microorganism that affects 50% of the population worldwide. A study with a non-experimental, correlational, and cross-sectional design was carried out in order to determine the association of the results of diagnostic tests for H. pylori infection through biopsy obtained by upper endoscopy and surface antigen test in samples of feces in 100 patients. These ones were treated at the Gastroenterology Service of the Ambulatory Surgical Clinic Center (Hospital del Día) Efrén Jurado López of the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security (IESS), in the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador, during 2019. The mean age in the study sample was 37.5 years old, with a predominance of the female gender (78%). 65% of stool antigen tests for H. pyloriwere negative. The reports of the stool antigen test and histopathology allowed to appreciate differences between them, but with a predominance of the coincidences in the positive diagno-ses. There was a statistically significant association between the inflammatory lesions of the gastric mucosa because of chronic atrophic gastritis and the infection by H. pylori. The results of the two diagnostic tests had a positive and weak linear correlation with statistical significance
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Helicobacter pylori , Gastric Mucosa , Gastritis, Atrophic , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , Gastritis , InfectionsABSTRACT
Objective:To study the clinical, endoscopic and histological characteristics of heterotopic gastric mucosa in upper esophagus (HGMUE).Methods:A Total of 177 patients who underwent gastroscopy and were diagnosed as having HGMUE at the Endoscopy Center of Wuhan Union Hospital from January 2017 to December 2017 were included in the study. According to the gastroesophageal reflux disease symptom questionnaire (GERD-Q) scores, patients were divided into the HGMUE group (GERD-Q<8, n=101) and GERD+HGMUE group (GERD-Q≥8, n=76). The data of clinical, endoscopic and histological characteristics were analyzed. Results:Among the 177 HGMUE cases, there were 111 males (62.71%) and 66 females (37.29%), 76 (42.94%) with GERD, and 101 (57.06%) without GERD. The most common symptom was continuous clearing throat [54.24% (96/177)], followed by foreign body sensations of throat [48.59% (86/177)], and gastroesophageal reflux symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, indigestion, acid reflux [48.59% (86/177)]. In the HGMUE group, the occurrence rate of clearing throat was the highest [42.57% (43/101)], then foreign body sensations of throat accounted for 33.66% (34/101), and gastroesophageal reflux symptoms was 27.72% (28/101). In the HGUME+GERD group, the most common symptom was gastroesophageal reflux symptoms [76.32% (58/76)], then clearing throat [69.74% (53/76)] and foreign body sensations of throat [68.42% (52/76)]. Under gastroscopy, 177 heterotopic gastric lesions were found under gastroscopy with orange-red round, oval or elongated island like ones, most of which were flat and a few slightly protruded from the peripheral plane. There were 132 (74.58%) single-lesion cases, 38 (21.47%) 2-lesion, and 7 (3.95%) 3- or more-lesion cases; there were 37 (20.90%) small lesions (maximum diameter <0.5 cm), and 74 (41.81%) median-size lesions (maximum diameter of 0.5-1.0 cm), and 66 (37.3%) larger lesions (maximum diameter >1.0 cm). Among the 30 [16.95% (30/177)] samples of mucosal tissue, 15 [50.00% (15/30)] were mainly cardia gland, 8 [26.67% (8/30)] were mainly pyloric gland, 6 [20.00% (6/30)] were mixed type, and 1 [3.33% (1/30)] was squamous epithelium. In the immunohistochemical test, 20 cases [66.67% (20/30)] showed positive of H +/K +-ATPase, and 10 cases [33.33% (10/30)] were negative. Conclusion:HGMUE is more common in male patients, and may be combined with GERD. Among them, patients with combined GERD are more likely to develop laryngopharyngeal reflux. The heterotopic gastric mucosas lesions are orange-red round, oval or elongated island-like under gastroscopy, and most of them are flat, single and median- or large-sized. Histological types are mostly fundic glands, and H +/K +-ATPase positive is more common. It is speculated that acid secretion may be an important factor leading to throat symptoms.
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Objective:To evaluate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) system on the diagnosis rate of precancerous state of gastric cancer.Methods:A single center self-controlled study was conducted under the premise that such factors were controlled as mainframe and model of the endoscope, operating doctor, season and climate, and pathology was taken as the gold standard. The diagnosis rate of precancerous state of gastric cancer, including atrophic gastritis (AG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) in traditional gastroscopy (from September 1, 2019 to November 30, 2019) and AI assisted endoscopy (from September 1, 2020 to November 15, 2020) in the Eighth Hospital of Wuhan was statistically analyzed and compared, and the subgroup analysis was conducted according to the seniority of doctors.Results:Compared with traditional gastroscopy, AI system could significantly improve the diagnosis rate of AG [13.3% (38/286) VS 7.4% (24/323), χ2=5.689, P=0.017] and IM [33.9% (97/286) VS 26.0% (84/323), χ2=4.544, P=0.033]. For the junior doctors (less than 5 years of endoscopic experience), AI system had a more significant effect on the diagnosis rate of AG [11.9% (22/185) VS 5.8% (11/189), χ2=4.284, P=0.038] and IM [30.3% (56/185) VS 20.6% (39/189), χ2=4.580, P=0.032]. For the senior doctors (more than 10 years of endoscopic experience), although the diagnosis rate of AG and IM increased slightly, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion:AI system shows the potential to improve the diagnosis rate of precancerous state of gastric cancer, especially for junior endoscopists, and to reduce missed diagnosis of early gastric cancer.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) based on stroke volume variation (SVV) guidance on splanchnic perfusion using gastric mucosal pH (pHi) value in elderly patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery.Methods:One hundred and sixty elderly patients of either sex, aged 65-80 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ, undergoing elective lumbar spine surgery under general anesthesia, were selected and divided into 2 groups ( n=80 each) using a random number table method: SVV-guided GDFT group (group G) and conventional fluid therapy group (group C). GDFT was performed with SVV<15% as the target in group G, while conventional fluid infusion was performed under the guidance of mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure and urine volume in group C. Intraoperative amount of crystalloid solution infused, amount of colloid solution infused, total volume of fluid infused, amount of bleeding, urine volume, use of vasoactive drugs and perioperative blood transfusion were recorded in both groups.Cardiac index, SVV, pHi, gastric intramucosal partial pressure of CO 2 (PgCO 2), PaCO 2 and results of arterial blood gas analysis were also recorded before induction of anesthesia (T 1), at 1 h after the start of surgery (T 2) and at the end of surgery (T 3). The postoperative complications, time to first flatus, time to defecation and duration of hospital stay were also recorded in both groups. Results:Compared with group C, the amount of intraoperative crystalloid solution infused, total volume of fluid infused, urine volume and requirement for vasoactive drugs were significantly decreased, the amount of colloid solution infused was increased, cardiac index and pHi value were increased at T 2, 3, and SVV, Pg-aCO 2 and arterial blood lactic acid concentrations were decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant changes were found in the intraoperative amount of bleeding, arterial blood pH value, PaCO 2 and base excess, incidence of postoperative complications, time to first flatus, time to defecation and duration of hospital stay in group G ( P>0.05). Conclusions:GDFT based on SVV guidance is superior to traditional fluid therapy in improving splanchnic perfusion in elderly patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery.
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The clinical data of a child with congenital ectopic gastric mucosa and infections admitted to Wuhan Children′s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology in May 2020 were analyzed retrospectively.The child was a female who presented to the doctor with " phlegm in the throat with mild cough for more than 1 month" at the age of 1 month and 27 days.The pleural biopsy showed that the gastrointestinal mucosa tissue submitted for examination resembled the gastric mucosa under the microscope.The patient was diagnosed with pleural ectopic gastric mucosa.The child was discharged after her conditions improved.Twenty four days after the discharge, she returned to the hospital due to hemoptysis once.Closed thoracic drainage, partial lobectomy, thoracoscopic resection of mediastinal lesions and thoracoscopic conversion were then performed.In chest exploration, gastric mucosa-like tissue was seen on the top of the left pleura.The first case of pediatric pleural ectopic gastric mucosa in China was analyzed in this study.The results suggested that chest exploration should be performed on children with cough and hemoptysis if necessary to confirm the diagnosis as soon as possible.
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SUMMARY: The mucous substances of the stomach in mammals are important not only for the protection of the gastric epithelium from the acid environment and grinding actions, but it facilitates some other functions of the stomach such as antibacterial, antimetastatic, and immunological roles. The goal of the study is to highlight the distribution of mucin-secreting cells in the gastric mucosa in domestic rabbits, including the type of mucus synthesized. The gastric samples collected from ten individual rabbits were fixed in 10 % buffered formalin and underwent later standard paraffin tissue sample processing, which included dehydration, clarification, and embedding in paraffin. The tissue sections were eventually stained histochemically by PAS reaction and by Alcian blue method (pH 2.5) for neutral and acidic mucins detection, respectively. The quantification of mucins in the cytoplasm of mucus-secreting cells was performed by grading the gastric tissue samples from negative (-) to intensely positive (++). The mucus elaboration was observed in all the regions of the stomach (i.e., cardial, fundic, and pyloric regions), but only for the neutral mucin. The acidic mucin synthesis occurred only in the secretory units of the gastric glands from the cardial region in the stomach. Pyloric glands synthesized the largest amounts of neutral mucins, followed by moderate amounts elaborated by cardial glands, while the fundic region does not synthesize it at all. The description of new microscopic features of the stomach in rabbits is fundamental not only for comprehending species-related physiological features but gastric pathological processes.
RESUMEN: Las sustancias mucosas del estómago en los mamíferos son importantes no solo para la protección del epitelio gástrico del ambiente ácido y las acciones de trituración, sino que facilitan además otras funciones del estómago, como son las funciones antibacterianas, antimetastásicas e inmunológicas. El objetivo del estudio fue resaltar la distribución de las células secretoras de mucina en la mucosa gástrica de conejos domésticos, incluido el tipo de moco sintetizado. Las muestras gástricas recolectadas de diez conejos se fijaron en formalina tamponada al 10 % y se sometieron a un procesamiento que incluyó deshidratación, clarificación e inclusión en parafina. Las secciones de tejido finalmente se tiñeron histoquímicamente mediante la reacción de PAS y el método del azul de Alcian (pH 2,5) para la detección de mucinas neutras y ácidas, respectivamente. La cuantificación de mucinas en el citoplasma de las células secretoras de moco se realizó clasificando las muestras de tejido gástrico desde negativas (-) hasta intensamente positivas (++). La elaboración de moco se observó en todas las regiones del estómago (es decir, cardias, fúndica y pilórica), pero solo para la mucina neutra. La síntesis de mucina ácida ocurrió solo en las unidades secretoras de las glándulas gástricas de la región correspondiente al cardias del estómago. Las glándulas pilóricas sintetizaron la mayor cantidad de mucinas neutras, seguidas de cantidades moderadas elaboradas por las glándulas cardiales, mientras que la región fúndica no las sintetizó en abso- luto. La descripción de nuevas características microscópicas del estómago en conejos es fundamental no solo para comprender las características fisiológicas relacionadas con las especies sino también para entender los procesos patológicos gástricos.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Stomach , Gastric Mucosa/metabolism , Mucins/metabolism , ImmunohistochemistryABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction The classification of intestinal metaplasia by histochemistry methods has been described as the most appropriate. However, current algorithms are not replicable in laboratories due to severe limitations. Objective To evaluate a new algorithm to differentiate histochemical types of intestinal metaplasia. Material and Method: Cross-sectional research in which 512 gastric biopsies with intestinal metaplasia (paraffin blocks) were evaluated by a new algorithm using two types of Alcian Blue dyes during February-March of 2020 in the pathological anatomy service of the Maria Auxiliadora Hospital, Lima, Peru. This evaluation consisted of two steps: visualization of acid mucins in the columnar cells of the gastric mucosa and calculation of the weighted Kappa statistic. Results Histochemical types of intestinal metaplasia showed as follows: Type I, 398 (77.7%); Type II, 81 (15.8%) and Type III, 33 (6.5%). The weighted Kappa statistic was 0.79 (p<0.001), rated as an important or good concordance. Conclusion This new algorithm demonstrated it was useful and capable of identifying and differentiating the histochemical types of intestinal metaplasia, in addition to having statistical reliability.
RESUMO Introdução A classificação da metaplasia intestinal por métodos histoquímicos tem sido descrita como a mais adequada. No entanto, os algoritmos atuais não são replicáveis?? em laboratórios devido a limitações severas. Objetivo Avaliar um novo algoritmo para diferenciar tipos histoquímicos de metaplasia intestinal. Material e Método: Pesquisa transversal em que 512 biópsias gástricas com metaplasia intestinal (blocos de parafina) foram avaliadas por um novo algoritmo usando dois tipos de corantes Alcian Blue durante fevereiro-março de 2020 no serviço de anatomia patológica do Hospital Maria Auxiliadora, Lima, Peru. Essa avaliação consistiu em duas etapas: visualização das mucinas ácidas nas células colunares da mucosa gástrica e cálculo da estatística Kappa ponderado. Resultados Os tipos histoquímicos de metaplasia intestinal mostraram-se a seguir: Tipo I, 398 (77,7%); Tipo II, 81 (15,8%) e Tipo III, 33 (6,5%). A estatística Kappa ponderado foi de 0,79 (p <0,001), classificada como concordância importante ou boa. Conclusão Este novo algoritmo demonstrou ser útil e capaz de identificar e diferenciar os tipos histoquímicos de metaplasia intestinal, além de possuir confiabilidade estatística
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Wanfu-Qutong Decoction combined with esomeprazole in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). Methods:A total of 106 CAG patients who met the inclusion criteria from June 2017 to June 2019 were randomly divided into two groups with 53 in each group. The control group took esomeprazole magnesium enteric coated tablets, and the observation group took Wanfu-Qutong Decoction on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated continuously for 3 months. TCM syndrome score was performed before and after treatment, and the new Sydney system intuitive simulation score method was used to score the histopathology of gastric mucosa. The levels of gastrin 17 (G-17), pepsinogen (PGⅠ , PGⅡ) and the PG Ⅰ/Ⅱ were measured by ELISA. Results:The total effective rate was 96.2% (51/53) in the observation group and 79.2% (42/53) in the control group. There was significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=7.414, P<0.01). After treatment, the scores of epigastric pain, fullness, liking temperature and pressing, vomiting clear water, eating less and staying foolish, and limb burnout in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 2.788, 3.632, 3.816, 1.590, 2.183, 2.103, respectively, all Ps<0.05), and the scores of chronic inflammatory reaction, inflammatory activity, atrophy degree, dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia in the mucosa were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 2.983, 2.106, 2.106, 3.773, 1.922, 3.095, respectively, all Ps<0.05). After treatment, the serum G-17 [(14.47 ± 3.06) pmol/L vs. (10.67 ± 2.47) pmol/L, t=10.510] and PG Ⅰ [(130.31 ± 14.79) μg/L vs. (102.36 ± 12.63) μg/L, t=8.178] and PG Ⅰ/Ⅱ [(10.45 ± 0.48) vs. (9.17 ± 0.72), t=2.104] in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion:Wanfu-Qutong Decoction combined with esomeprazole tablets can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of CAG patients, regulate the levels of G-17, PG Ⅰ , PG Ⅱ and PGⅠ/Ⅱ, and promote the repair of gastric mucosa.
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Objective:To evaluate narrow band imaging-magnifying endoscopy (NBI-ME) for the further assessment of lesions of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) in the gastric biopsy.Methods:Data of 180 patients who underwent NBI-ME before endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for biopsy of gastric LGIN at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2017 to October 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Taking the pathological results after ESD as the gold standard, the sensitivity, the specificity, the positive predictive value, the negative predictive value, and the accuracy of NBI-ME in predicting the pathological upgrading of gastric LGIN lesions after ESD were calculated, and the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn.Results:Among 180 gastric LGIN lesions, 115 (63.89%) were pathological upgraded and 65 (36.11%) were not after ESD. There were 10 missed diagnoses, 19 misdiagnoses, and 151 correct diagnoses in NBI-ME examination before ESD. The sensitivity, the specificity, the positive predictive value, the negative predictive value, and the accuracy of NBI-ME in predicting the pathological upgrading of gastric LGIN lesions after ESD were 91.3% (105/115), 70.8% (46/65), 84.7% (105/124), 82.1%(46/56) and 83.9% (151/180), respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.810 (95% CI: 0.737-0.883). Conclusion:Further NBI-ME examination of gastric LGIN lesions diagnosed by biopsy pathology can accurately predict whether the lesions have pathological upgrading after ESD, which is of important guiding significance for the patients to choose the treatment strategy of further follow-up or endoscopic resection.
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Background: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is a major risk factor for development of gastric cancer. Some studies demonstrated a high fungal infection rate in gastric cancer tissues. There are many methods to diagnose Hp and fungal infections, and each has its advantages and disadvantages. Aims: To investigate the value of immunofluorescence staining for diagnosis of Hp and fungal infections in gastric mucosal biopsy specimens. Methods: A total of 450 gastric cancer patients undergoing gastroscopy from September 2019 to September 2020 at the General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, PLA, were enrolled in this study. Gastric mucosal biopsy specimens were collected and stained with immuno-fluorescence, HE, and methylene blue, respectively, for detection of Hp infection, and stained with immunofluorescence and PAS, respectively, for detection of fungal infection. The microscopic findings and detection rate of various staining methods were analyzed and compared. Results: When stained with immunofluorescence, Hp was indicated by orange fluorescence on a dark black background, which was easily to be identified as compared with HE staining and methylene blue staining. The detection rate of immunofluorescence was superior to HE staining and equal to methylene blue staining (49.6% vs. 30.9%, P0.05). Fungi stained by immunofluorescence showed brilliant blue fluorescence, while those stained with PAS showed blurred red and were difficult to be distinguished from the red background. The detection rate of immunofluorescence staining was superior to PAS staining (31.6% vs. 20.2%, P<0.05). Conclusions: Immunofluorescence staining is a convenient, fast and effective method for detecting Hp and fungal infections in gastric mucosal biopsy specimens, and is helpful for diagnosis of gastric diseases.
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Background: There is still controversy whether the existence of esophageal heterotopic gastric mucosa (EHGM) and its histological type are related to the laryngopharyngeal symptoms. Aims: To analyze the clinical and histological characteristics of EHGM and its correlation with gastroesophageal reflux. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in consecutive gastroscopy-proved EHGM cases from September 2018 to January 2020 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College. Besides clinical data review and questionnaire survey on reflux symptoms, histological typing of EHGM and immunohistochemistry were also performed in some cases. Results: A total of 1 229 cases of EHGM were recruited. The male-to-female ratio was 1.67:1, and middle-aged people were predominant. Most of the heterotopic mucosa were located 15-18 cm away from the incisors, and were mainly single. Two hundred and ninety-four cases (23.9%) were complicated with reflux esophagitis (RE), of which Los Angeles grade A and B accounted for 96.6%. Regurgitation/acid reflux (15.5 %) and heartburn (12.3%) were the most common esophageal symptoms, while extraesophageal symptoms were rare. Histological typing was obtained in 57 cases, of which, 37 (64.9%) were cardia-type, 18 (31.6%) were fundic-type, and 2 (3.5%) were mixed type. There were no significant differences in gender, age, location and number of EHGM, expression levels of H
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AIM: To study protective effects of the extract from Toona sinensis seeds on gastric mucosal injury in experimental mice. METHODS: The mice were given 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg of Toona sinensis seeds every day for 2 weeks and ethanol or aspirin was used to induce gastric mucosa injury model. The gastric mucosal injury index and injury inhibition rate were calculated, the levels of SOD, MDA in serum and the contents of ET-1, PGE
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Abstract Slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) associate with health benefits when present in the diet. This study aimed to evaluate ready-to-eat corn and cassava flours regarding their commercial presentation (dry or flaked), composition and in vitro digestibility of starch. Sixteen samples from Southern Brazil were procured in the market: eight dry cassava flours, six biju-type (flaked) corn flours and two biju-type cassava flours. Dry cassava flours had higher L* and lower b* values, and higher RS, relative crystallinity and viscosity peak values. Dry cassava flour partially preserves granular starch, as its processing involves lower drying temperatures and lower moisture of the pressed pulp. Dry cassava flours that had higher b* values also had higher rapidly digestible starch (RDS) levels, since higher temperatures are required in their production. Both biju-type flours showed the highest RDS values and no RS due to processing with elevated temperature and high moisture of the pressed pulp. In this study starch digestibility from the flours depended on processing, with minor influence of the raw material, fiber content and granulometry. The whiter and the smaller the granulometry of the dry cassava flours, the better they showed as potentially health benefiting.