Gender Disparities of Youths in Trust on Health Management System during Post-COVID-19 in Bangladesh / Disparidades de gênero de jovens na confiança em sistemas de gestão de saúde durante o período pós-COVID-19 em Bangladesh

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to find out the gender-based disparities in trust in the public health measures taken in Bangladesh during the post-COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study design and quantitative research approach were used to collect primary data. A total of 742 students from different socioeconomic backgrounds participated in the survey randomly by filling up a structured questionnaire from 15 June 2022 to 10 July 2022. The Wilks' λ statistic, MANOVA, and Regression analysis were performed in this study to find out the gender-based differences in trust in the public health measures taken in Bangladesh during the post-COVID-19 pandemic. Results: In a multivariate test, the p-value is 0.018 (p<0.05), which implies a significant difference between the trust of males and females among youths about public health measures during the post-COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. This study provides that overall infrastructure, responsiveness, and attachments have a significant correlation with youth trust as all the p-values < 0.001. Conclusions: Health infrastructure and youths' attachment to the various networks and institutions have more impact on determining the level of trust in government health measures during the post-pandemic than the way of government responsiveness; policymakers and advocates will get significant insight from the findings of the study during post-COVID-19. Without gender-sensitive health policy measures, gaining citizens' trust in the government will be difficult.

Objetivo: descobrir as disparidades de confiança baseadas em gênero nas medidas de saúde pública tomadas em Bangladesh, durante a pandemia pós-COVID-19. Métodos: um desenho de estudo transversal e abordagem de pesquisa quantitativa foram usados para coletar dados primários. Um total de 742 estudantes de diferentes origens socioeconômicas participaram da pesquisa aleatoriamente, preenchendo um questionário estruturado de 15 de junho de 2022 a 10 de julho de 2022. A estatística λ de Wilks, MANOVA e a análise de regressão foram realizadas neste estudo para descobrir o sexo - diferenças baseadas na confiança nas medidas de saúde pública tomadas em Bangladesh, durante a pandemia pós-COVID-19. Resultados: em um teste multivariado, o p-valor é 0,018 (p<0.05), o que implica uma diferença significativa entre a confiança de homens e mulheres entre jovens sobre medidas de saúde pública durante a pandemia pós-COVID-19 em Bangladesh. Este estudo fornece que a infraestrutura geral, a capacidade de resposta e os vínculos têm uma correlação significativa com a confiança dos jovens, pois todos os valores de p < 0.001. Conclusões: a infraestrutura de saúde e o vínculo dos jovens às várias redes e instituições têm mais impacto na determinação do nível de confiança nas medidas governamentais de saúde durante o pós-pandemia do que na forma de resposta do governo; os formuladores de políticas e defensores obterão uma visão significativa das descobertas do estudo durante o período pós-COVID-19. Sem medidas de política de saúde sensíveis ao gênero, será difícil ganhar a confiança dos cidadãos para o governo.

Risk Perception and Emergency Preparedness Against Flood Affected Participants From the Primary Health Care Centre, Malaysia: A Comparison Between Genders

@#Introduction: Flooding has become a major natural disaster in Malaysia in recent decades. There may be a gender difference in many aspects related to flood response and practice. This study aimed to examine the gender gap in knowledge, attitudes, and practice of flood preparedness in Malaysia. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients attending the primary care clinic at Universiti Sains Malaysia health campus, Kelantan. A validated questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: 328 subjects were recruited, 56.1% of them were females. The female respondents were younger than the males (36 vs. 41 years old). However, females have better knowledge, and practice on flood preparedness compared to male respondents. Among those, women were more aware of the local emergency plan than males (p=0.01). More female respondents kept their vaccination and personal medical records in a waterproof container or sealed plastic bag during past and future flood preparations (3-5 day supply of non-perishable food) than male respondents (p<0.05). In addition, with the practice of keeping a one-week supply of medication, and having their medical records in a waterproof container along with a first-aid kit (p=0.001). For future flood preparation, more women would filter the cloudy water through clean clothes for boiling (p=0.035). The determinants of good preparedness for future floods for female were older-age (p=0.001), blue-collar (p=0.043); whereas male were lower household income (p=0.014), being blue collar (0.014) and white collar (0.039) compared with student/retiree based on multivariate logistic regression. Conclusion: Our study reported that the determinants of good preparedness for future floods were older-age, blue-collar and having a lower-household income.

Clinical characteristics analysis of 253 cases of pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasm / 中华消化杂志

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (pSPN).Methods:From March 2007 to August 2022, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, the clinical data and follow-up results of 253 patients with pSPN and underwent surgical treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnostic accuracy of preoperative ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and puncture biopsy of aspiration were compared and analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was performed to calculate disease-free survival rate. The gender differences in the clinical and pathological features of pSPN were compared. According to whether recurrence and metastasis occurred after the primary operation, the patients with pSPN were divided into recurrence and metastasis group ( n=3) and disease-free survival group ( n=250). Univariate analysis was used to analyze whether gender, age, married status, with clinical symptoms, history of alcohol drinking or smoking, puncture biopsy of aspiration before operation, location and maximum diameter of tumor, surgical method (open surgery, minimally invasive surgery), type of surgery (parenchymal preservation surgery, conventional surgery), and pathological features (cellular atypia, invasion of adjacent organs, lymphovascular invasion, peripancreatic fat invasion, perineural invasion, capsular invasion and pancreatic parenchyma invasion) were predictive factors of recurrence and metastasis of pSPN. Two independent sample t test, chi-square test and Fisher′s exact test were used for statistical analysis. Results:Among 253 patients with pSPN, 49 (19.4%) were males and 204 (80.6%) were females. The diagnostic accuracy of MRI and CT were both higher than that of ultrasound (73.4%(124/169), 64.0%(146/228) vs. 33.3%(78/234)), and the diagnostic accuracy of MRI was higher than that of CT, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=62.93, 43.58 and 3.89, P<0.001, <0.001 and =0.049). The diagnostic accuracy of puncture biopsy of aspiration combined with immunochemistry was higher than that without combined immunochemistry (100.0%(23/23) vs. 8/13), and the difference was statistically significant (Fisher′s exact test, P=0.003). Eight cases missed during follow-up, and all the other 245 patients survived with the 5- year and 10-year disease-free survival rates of 99.2% and 97.2%, respectively. Male pSPN patients were older than female patients at diagnosis ((40.0±13.2) years old vs. (32.6±11.9) years old) and the maximum diameter of tumor was smaller than that of female patients ((3.88±2.05) cm vs. (4.87±3.05) cm), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.83 and -2.15, P<0.001 and =0.032). The results of univariate analysis showed that lymphovascular invasion was significantly correlated with pSPN recurrence and metastasis (Fisher′s exact test, P=0.012), and the other factors were not correlated with pSPN recurrence and metastasis (all P>0.05). Conclusions:CT, MRI and puncture biopsy of aspiration are comparatively reliable diagnostic method for pSPN before operation. There are significant differences in pSPN tumor growth and age of onset between genders. The postoperative recurrent rate of pSPN is low and the prognosis is good. Even if recurrence and metastasis occur, the patients can still survive for a long time after surgical treatment.

Trend and gender difference of mortality rate of senile dementia： based on the method of annual percent change / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of gender difference and the trend of the mortality rate of senile dementia in registered population in Shanghai from year 2002 to 2018， and to provide the basis for formulating relative intervention measures before and after senile dementia from an public-health view. MethodsBased on the collected data of death registration， focused on the senile dementia disease codes F03，G30.0，G30.1，G30.8，G30.9 according to The International Classification of Diseases 10th revision （ICD-10）. We analyzed the characteristics of gender difference in the mortality rate of senile dementia in registered population in Shanghai from year 2002 to 2018. According to ASR， we calculated the standardized mortality rate of senile dementia， and used the chi-square test to compare the difference between the gender mortality rates. The trend and the turning point of the mortality rate of senile dementia were determined by linear regression analysis by Join-point. ResultsThe crude mortality rate of senile dementia in the registered population in Shanghai from year 2002 to 2018 was 5.46/105， 3.50/105 in males and 7.43/105 in females. The standardized mortality rate of senile dementia was 2.61/105， 1.67/105 in males and 3.56/105 in females. The trend of the standardized mortality rate of senile dementia in 17 years decreased ［APC=-5.5（-6.5，-4.5）%，P<0.01］. The trend of the standardized mortality rate of senile dementia decreased in both males ［APC=-4.9（-6.2，-3.6）%，P<0.01］ and females ［APC=-5.9（-6.9，-4.9）%，P<0.01］. The trend of the gender difference decreased ［APC=-6.8（-8.2，-5.3）%，P<0.01］. The mortality rate of senile dementia was higher in females than in males ［（χ2=33.63，P<0.01）］. ConclusionThe mortality rate of senile dementia in females is higher than in males in Shanghai， though the trend of the gender difference decreased. This gender difference is worth of attention.

Role of androgen receptors in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma / 上海预防医学

Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） has emerged as a significant public health concern， posing a serious threat to the lives and health of residents in China. Furthermore， the incidence and mortality rates of HCC are notably higher in males than in females. Androgen receptors （AR） can contribute to the occurrence of male-specific cancers such as prostate cancer， suggesting a potential link to the increased susceptibility of males to HCC. Elucidating the cancer-promoting mechanism of AR and developing specific targeted interventions are effective ways to advance tertiary prevention of HCC and improve patient prognosis. This paper reviews the relevant evidence of AR’s role in promoting the occurrence and development of HCC， summarizes relevant mechanisms discovered to date， including promoting the stemness of HCC cells， altering the immune microenvironment， regulating key signaling pathways， inducing glycolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma， and synergizing with hepatitis B virus to promote HCC. Additionally， research directions for targeted interventions in HCC through AR-related signaling pathways are discussed.

Psicanálise e violência social de gênero / Psychoanalysis and social gender-based violence / Psychanalyse et violence sociale de genre / Psicoanálisis y violencia social de género

Neste texto, discuto algumas colaborações e resistências da psicanálise à violência social de gênero, evidenciando conflitos e tensões no âmbito de suas práticas. Reflito especialmente sobre a noção da diferença de sexos, segundo Freud e Lacan, dada a sua posição estratégica nas abordagens psicanalíticas sobre sexuação e subjetividades LGBTQI+. Apresento algumas vinhetas teóricas de autores contemporâneos, organizando-as em torno de três eixos que visam, respectivamente: reposicionar e/ou transpor o Édipo; desconstruir o binarismo e pensar/clinicar com a noção de corpo aberto, e problematizar o sujeito epistêmico no dispositivo da escuta analítica.

Resumos This paper discusses some collaborations and resistences of psychoanalysis to social gender-based violence, highlighting conflicts and tensions therein. It examines the notion of gender difference, according to Freud and Lacan, given its strategic position in psychoanalytic approaches to sexuation and LGBTQI+ subjectivities. Finally, the paper presents some theoretical vignettes from contemporary authors, organized into three axes aiming to: repositioning and/or overcoming the Oedipus Complex; deconstructing binary reasoning and working with the notion of open body; and problematizing the epistemic subject within the analytical listening.

Cet article discute certaines collaborations et résistances de la psychanalyse à la violence sociale de genre, en mettant en évidence les conflits et les tensions qui en découle. Il examine la notion de différence de sexes, selon Freud et Lacanétant donné sa position stratégique dans les approches psychanalytiques de la sexuation et des subjectivités LGBTQI+. Enfin, l'article présente quelques vignettes théoriques issues d'auteurs contemporains, en les organisant en trois axes qui visent, respectivement, à : repositionner et/ou dépasser l'Œdipe ; déconstruire le binarisme et travailler avec la notion de corps ouvert, et problématiser le sujet épistémique au sein de l'écoute analytique.

En este texto analizo algunas colaboraciones y resistencias del psicoanálisis a la violencia social de género, destacando conflictos y tensiones en el ámbito de sus prácticas. Reflexiono especialmente sobre la noción de diferencia de sexos, según Freud y Lacan, dada su posición estratégica en los enfoques psicoanalíticos de la sexuación y las subjetividades LGBTQI+. Presento algunas viñetas teóricas de autores contemporáneos, organizándolas en torno a tres ejes que tienen como objetivo, respectivamente: reposicionar y/o transponer el edipo; deconstruir el binarismo y pensar/clinicar con la noción de cuerpo abierto, y problematizar el sujeto epistémico en el dispositivo de la escucha analítica.

Gender differences in emotional regulation capacity among the general population

Background: Emotional regulation plays crucial part in overall psychological well-being of an individual as it impacts how he responds to stimuli. Evidences from past suggest that there are differences in emotional regulation strategies based on gender in patients suffering from different illnesses. However there is limited literature on emotional regulation strategies in general population. Material and methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted at a tertiary care centre on 60 subjects comprised of both genders, with no psychiatric or physical co-morbidity at present or in past. Emotional regulation among both genders was studied using Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS). Results: There was no significant difference in the socio-demographics of male and female participant groups. Among both gender, males had significantly higher difficulties in acceptance of emotions (P=0.035) and impulse dyscontrol (P=0.014) when compared to women. However, women had significantly lesser emotional clarity compared to men (P=0.003). Conclusion: These differences in emotional regulation strategies may be responsible for differences in clinical presentation and prevalence of various psychiatric illnesses among the gender group. Knowledge about emotional regulation strategies among both genders would help initiate gender specific interventions to avoid maladaptive behaviors and to prevent the onset or progression of illness.

Types of tongue movements and their interrelationships in Kazakhs / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the types of tongue movement in Xinjiang Kazakhs, to explore the relationship between tongue movement types, and to provide inference for genetic of human anthropology. Methods Totally 405 samples (178 males, 227 females) of Kazakh in Tacheng, Xinjiang, were investigated for the types of tongue movement. Chi-square test, u test and cluster analysis were used to explore the characteristics of tongue movement of Kazakhs and the tongue movement of other ethnic groups relation. Generalized multivariate dimension reduction (GMDR) analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze the correlations between tongue movements. Results The frequencies of rolling tongue, folding tongue, twisting tongue, and pointed tongue were 73. 08%, 41. 97%, 18. 02%, and 66. 91% respectively. No gender difference was found in the frequencies of four tongue moving types. Compared with other ethnic groups in our country, the frequency of rolling tongue and pointed tongue was at a moderate level, the frequency of folding tongue was higher, and the frequency of twisting tongue was lower. The cluster analysis result showed that the tongue movement type of Xinjiang Kazak was closest to that of Han nationality in Jinzhou, Liaoning. GMDR result showed that among the four tongue movements, there were interactions between the combinations of rolling tongue and folding tongue, folding tongue and rolling tongue and pointed tongue, twisting tongue and pointed tongue, and rolling tongue and folding tongue,and pointed tongue and folding tongue. Logistic regression result showed that there were correlations between rolling tongue and folding tongue, pointed tongue and folding tongue, folding tongue and pointed tongue and rolling tongue. Conclusion Compared with the tongue movements of the domestic ethnic groups, the four types of tongue movements of the Kazakhs in Xinjiang are stronger in folding tongue movement, weaker in tongue turning movement, and average in rolling tongue and pointed tongue movement. There is a relationship between rolling tongue and folding tongue, pointed tongue and folding tongue, and folding tongue are related to pointed tongue and rolling tongue.

Gender differences in the influence of emotional intelligence on the situation selection among college students / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of emotional intelligence (EI) in situation selection among college students under different gender.Methods:Using the emotional intelligence scale to test 416 students from an university in Chengdu, and 42 students (high emotional intelligence: high EI) and 42 students (low emotional intelligence: low EI) were selected as preselected subjects according to their scores. A total of 40 subjects, including 20 in the high EI group (10 males and 10 females) and 20 in the low EI group (10 males and 10 females), were selected to participate in the experiment by excluding subjects who gave up the experiment and taking into account both genders. Using the emotion picture selection task, the eye movement data of the subjects watching the situation picture and the reaction time of selecting the situation picture again were recorded respectively.The R language Bruce R package was used for three-factor analysis of variance. If there was interaction effect, the post simple effect analysis was carried out.Results:(1) About the eye-movement data before picture selection, the females with higher EI scores had significantly greater saccade amplitude when viewing negative pictures than the females with lower EI scores ((2.79±1.58)°, (2.46±0.85)°, F(1, 36)=7.39, P=0.007), and the males with high EI scores had less saccade amplitude when viewing all pictures than the males with low EI scores ((2.00±0.83)°, (2.17±0.85)°, F(1, 36)=6.58, P=0.011). The females with high EI scores had a significantly faster saccade velocity than the females with low EI scores((98.93±35.60)°/s, (92.81±20.56)°/s, F(1, 36)=8.39, P=0.004), and the males with high EI scores had a significantly slower saccade velocity than the males with low EI scores ((79.35±18.55)°/s, (85.11±18.53)°/s, F(1, 36)=6.70, P=0.01). The females with high EI scores had a significantly shorter fixation duration for negative emotional pictures than the females with low EI scores ((2 654.7±530.85) ms, (2 877.87±205.44) ms, F(1, 36)=30.38, P<0.001), and the males with high EI scores had a significantly shorter fixation duration for positive emotional pictures than the males with low EI scores ((2 839.74±405.34) ms, (2 932.83±228.07) ms, F(1, 36)=9.46, P=0.002). About the fixation number, females gazed at the negative pictures significantly less than males ((9.43±2.31), (10.24±2.05), F(1, 36)=21.49, P<0.01). (2) In terms of choice response times, the females with high EI scores chose to look back at positive neutral pictures with shorter reaction times than the females with low EI scores (positive: (726.79±329.12) ms, (924.51±758.34) ms, F(1, 36)=9.07, P=0.003; neutral: (783.46±543.54)ms, (962.44±463.57)ms, F(1, 36)=6.23, P=0.013), and the males with high EI scores chose to look back with longer reaction times than the males with low EI scores, but the difference was only significant when viewing neutral pictures ((1 092.29±905.52) ms, (871.27±461.68) ms, F(1, 36)=9.07, P=0.002). Conclusion:The influence of emotional intelligence on the process of situation selection is different by gender: the higher the emotional intelligence of female college students, the faster they can process negative emotional information in the process of situation selection, and the broader and more dispersed the processing patterns; the higher the emotional intelligence of male college students, the faster they can process positive emotional information in the process of situation selection, and the more concentrated the processing patterns.

Gender differences in mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction / Diferencias de género en la mortalidad en pacientes con infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST

Abstract Objective: Women with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have worst outcomes than men. The objective of the study was to determine gender differences in mortality in patients with STEMI. Methods: Cohort study including patients with STEMI. We recorded demographic and clinical data, laboratory tests, and in-hospital mortality in patients who underwent primary angioplasty and pharmacoinvasive strategy. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess mortality differences between both genders. Results: A total of 340 patients were analyzed, 296 males and 44 females. Mean age of the female group was 64.3 ± 12.3 years. About 98% of females were among Killip-Kimball Class I-II. They had higher risk scores compared to man, longer ischemic time and first medical contact with a difference in comparison to man of 47 and 60 min, respectively. Mortality was 9.1% (4) in the female group. Conclusions: Although the proportion of women had higher mortality than man, we did not found any difference with statistical significance probably due to the lack of representation. We need more awareness in the female population about STEMI, since longer first medical contact time and longer total ischemic time might be one possible explanation of a higher mortality.

Resumen Objetivo: Las mujeres con infarto agudo al miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (SICA CEST) tienen peor pronóstico que los hombres. El objetivo fue determinar las diferencias de mortalidad en género en pacientes con SICA CEST. Metodos: Estudio de cohorte de pacientes con SICA CEST. Se recolectaron datos demográficos, clínicos, de laboratorio y mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Se realizó un análisis de Kaplan-Meier para valorar la mortalidad y determinar diferencias de género. Resultados: Se analizaron 340 pacientes, 296 hombres y 44 mujeres. Se observó que las mujeres tuvieron mayores puntajes en los scores de riesgo, mayor tiempo de primer contacto y tiempo total de isquemia encontrando una diferencia con el grupo de hombres de 47 y 60 minutos respectivamente. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue de 9.1% (4) sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa en comparación con los hombres. Conclusiones: Aunque la proporción de mujeres tuvo mayor mortalidad no se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa en comparación con los hombres probablemente por el tamaño de la muestra debido a baja representación del grupo femenino. Se necesita mayor conciencia en relación al infarto en el grupo de mujeres, ya que mayor tiempo de primer contacto y mayor tiempo total de isquemia pueden ser una posible explicación de una mayor mortalidad.

Expression of GFAP, β-tubulin Ⅲ and synaptophsin and intervention effects of chondroitin sulfate in brain of rats with chronic fluorosis / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To observe the expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), β-tubulin Ⅲ and synaptophsin, and explore the role of tripartite synapse in the mechanism of central nervous system (CNS) injury and the neuroprotective effect of chondroitin sulfate (CS).Methods:One month old clean grade, 48 female Sparague-Dawley rats and 48 male Sparague-Dawley rats, were randomly divided into 8 groups according to body weight (90 - 120 g) by random number table method, with 12 rats in each group, half male and half female. These rats were fed with water containing different concentrations of sodium fluoride (NaF) [ < 0.5 mg/L (control, CN), 10.0 mg/L (low dose fluoride, LF) and 50.0 mg/L (high dose fluoride, HF)]. Some rats were fed directly for 185 days (CN, LF and HF groups). In addition, rats of CN + normal saline (NS), LF + NS, HF + NS groups and LF + CS, HF + CS groups, were intraperitoneally injected with NS or 0.66 mg/kg CS for 5 consecutive days after 180 days of feeding. After the experiment, the pathological changes of hippocampal CA4 of brain tissue in each group were observed by hematoxylin eosin staining under light microscope, and the expression and distribution of GFAP, β-tubulin Ⅲ and synaptophsin in hippocampal CA4 of rats were detected by immunohistochemistry, the expression of GFAP, β-tubulin Ⅲ and synaptophsin at protein level in hippocampus of rats were detected by Western blotting.Results:Under light microscope, eosinophilic change, loss and irregular arrangement of neuron in the hippocampal CA4 were observed in LF, HF, LF + NS and HF + NS groups. The morphology of LF + CS and HF + CS groups was not significantly changed compared with CN group, but was significant changed compared with LF, HF, LF + NS and HF + NS groups. Immunohistochemical results showed that the rates of positive area of GFAP, β-tubulin Ⅲ and synaptophsin in female and male rats in LF and HF groups were significantly decreased than those in CN group ( P < 0.05); the positive area rates of female and male rats in LF + CS and HF + CS groups were higher than those in LF and HF groups, respectively ( P < 0.05). Western blotting results showed that the proten expression levels of GFAP, β-tubulin Ⅲ and synaptophsin of female and male rats in LF and HF groups (LF group: 0.90 ± 0.09, 0.82 ± 0.08, 1.43 ± 0.14, 0.92 ± 0.02, 1.21 ± 0.15, 0.87 ± 0.02, HF group: 0.58 ± 0.14, 0.73 ± 0.03, 0.63 ± 0.06, 0.67 ± 0.03, 0.87 ± 0.04, 0.70 ± 0.05) were lower than those in CN group (1.24 ± 0.08, 1.09 ± 0.10, 2.64 ± 0.30, 1.54 ± 0.09, 1.72 ± 0.10, 1.13 ± 0.06, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The tripartite synapse and extracellular matrix may take part in pathogenesis of the damages of CNS results from chronic fluorosis; CS may reduce the injury to a certain extent.

Analysis of Ground Reaction Forces during Running Based on One-Dimensional Statistical Parametric Mapping / 医用生物力学

Objective To analyze the difference in ground reaction force (GRF) between male and female runners and between left and right limbs using the one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Methods Thirty male and female runners participated the running test on force treadmill at the speed of 12 km/h. GRF of consecutive five steps were recorded. The independent-sample t test and paired-sample t test in the SPM package were used to check the male vs female and right limb vs left limb differences. Results Male and female runners showed inter-limb asymmetry in vertical average loading rate (VALR), and the VALR of male runners was significantly higher than that of female runners in the left limb, while no significant differences were found in the right limb. Male and female runners showed significant differences in the right vertical GRF during push-off and medial-lateral GRF during landing, while left medial-lateral GRF presented significant differences during landing and mid stance. Male runners showed right limb vs left limb significance in the anterior-posterior GRF during push-off, vertical GRF during landing and push-off and medial-lateral GRF during landing, while female runners exhibited right limb vs left limb significance in vertical GRF during landing and push-off. Conclusions This study introduced the application of SPM in statistical analysis of GRF, elaborated the procedures and theory, compared the test of time-series data in SPM and discrete value with traditional statistics, and discussed the difference and features in SPM and SnPM, thus providing references for the application in data analysis of sports biomechanics. Comparison in the male vs female and right limb vs left limb revealed the genders and inter-limb symmetrical differences in the landing, mid-stance and push-off phases during stance. The research findings laid the foundation for future investigation of mechanism in running related injuries and strategy of prevention and treatment.

Gender difference for detecting global motion in adults and children / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate if there is a gender difference in detecting global motion in adults aged 20-24 years and children aged 6-15 years, respectively.<p>METHODS:A total of 46 adults aged between 20-24 years, and 227 children aged between 6-15 years who were divided into five age groups(6-7 years, 8-9 years, 10-11 years, 12-13 years, and 14-15 years), participated in this study. Global motion detection was evaluated with a random dot kinematogram test, with the proportion of the dots moving at the same direction(up <i>vs</i> down, or left <i>vs</i> right)varied in each trial. The speed of each dot consisted of 1.0 and 5.0 deg/s, therefore four conditions of dots moving were examined in this study. Subjects were asked to identify the direction of the perceived global motion in a three-down-one-up staircase algorithm. The minimal proportion of signal dots moving at the same direction for global motion to be perceived is defined as the threshold. Each subject was measured five times and the mean value was recorded in each condition. Two-way analysis of variance was used for data analysis to accommodate the interaction between the two factors: age and sex maturation.<p>RESULTS:For signal dots moving vertically with 1.0 deg/s, the influence of gender and age on global motion detection was statistically significant(gender: <i>F</i>=10.533,<i> P</i>=0.001; age: <i>F</i>=8.599, <i>P</i><0.001). The thresholds for adult females and 14-15 years girls were significantly higher than that in adult males(<i>P</i>=0.013)and 14-15 years boys(<i>P</i>=0.030). There was also a similar effect of gender and age for signal dots moving horizontally with 1.0 deg/s(gender: <i>F</i>=12.073, <i>P</i>=0.001; age: <i>F</i>=8.724, <i>P</i><0.001). The thresholds for adult females and 14-15 years girls were significantly higher than that in adult males(<i>P</i>=0.004)and 14-15 years boys(<i>P</i>=0.009). For signal dots moving vertically with 5.0 deg/s, the influence of gender on global motion detection was statistically significant(<i>F</i>=6.826, <i>P</i>=0.010), while there was no difference between adults and children(<i>F</i>=1.085, <i>P</i>=0.369). The threshold for adult females was significantly higher than that in adult males(<i>P</i>=0.002). Finally, for signal dots moving horizontally with 5.0 deg/s, there was a similar effect as dots moving vertically with the same speed(gender: <i>F</i>=7.775, <i>P</i>=0.006; age: <i>F</i>=1.794, <i>P</i>=0.114). The thresholds for adult females and 14-15 years girls were significantly higher than that in adult males(<i>P</i>=0.001)and 14-15 years boys(<i>P</i>=0.017).<p>CONCLUSION: Gender difference in detecting global motion exists only in adults and children older than 14 years.

Association between Grip Strength and Cognitive Function among Middle-aged and Older Adults with Stroke: Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective:To explore the relationship between grips strength and cognitive function among stroke patients in China. Methods:The data of 412 post-stroke participants from the baseline survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were selected. The association between grip strength and cognitive function was analyzed, especially in gender. Results:Grip strength was positively associated with all cognitive measures. For every 5 kg increase in grip strength, the likelihood increased 30% in correctly drawing picture (95%CI: 8%-57%, <italic>P</italic> = 0.005); and the scores increased 0.15 points in episodic memory (<italic>P</italic> = 0.003), 0.30 points in Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status (TICS-10) (<italic>P</italic> = 0.001), and 0.60 points (<italic>P</italic> < 0.001) in the overall cognition scores. The association between grip strength and cognitive measures was stronger among female patients, particularly for episodic memory (<italic>P</italic> = 0.049). Conclusion:Grip strength was positively associated with cognitive function among stroke patients. The association was stronger among female patients.

GENDER DIFFERENCE IN UNDERSTANDING AGEING AND RETIREMENT

@#The age-old wisdom is that “women live longer than men”. Gender difference in life expectancy is becoming a worldwide phenomenon both in developed and developing countries. The process of ageing may be viewed from the perspectives of physical, psychological, and social-economic wellbeing. We investigated gender difference in understanding ageing in relation to life expectancy, fears relating to diseases and deteriorating economic status, and perceived old age comfort and their preparedness. Data were obtained from an online survey and in-person interview of 518 respondents aged 40 years and older residing in Malaysia, which was based on a convenience sample collected from May 2015 to January 2016. Data were analysed using chi-squared tests and multinomial logistic regression. There were varying views between men and women when it came to understanding ageing in relation to life expectancy, fears of ageing, deteriorating economic status and their perception of old age comfort. Women were more optimistic about living longer compared to men but feared more the consequences of old age diseases. In spite of displaying less concern about financial preparedness, women were, however, willing to cut down expenses, while men would prefer longer working hours to ensure a comfortable retirement

Sex difference in processing negative emotion in adolescents with different level of callous unemotional trait / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective: To examine the sex difference in the emotional processing of adolescents with elevated callous unemotional (CU) trait. Methods: A total of 770 middle school students completed the inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU). According to the prevalence of psychopathy in the general population, the top 5％ and the last 5％ of ICU scores were selected as higher and lower CU trait groups. Finally, 33 students in each group participated in the experiment, including 27 males and 39 females. In the facial expression recognition task, the participants were presented with happy, neutral, sad and fear facial expressions and were asked to identify these four facial expressions. Accuracy and response time were recorded as dependent variables and were analyzed by repeated ANOVA. Results: The accuracy of males was lower than that of females [ (73. 3 ± 22. 1) ％ vs. (81. 6 ± 16. 2) ％, P ＜ 0. 05] and the response time of males was shorter than that of females [ (850 ± 236) ms vs. (939 ± 158) ms, P ＜ 0. 05]. Moreover, when identifying fear emotions, compared to lower CU trait males, the males with higher CU trait had lower accuracy [ (60. 4 ± 24. 6) ％vs. (86. 0 ± 10. 1) ％, P ＜ 0. 01], whereas the difference of the response time between the males with higher and lower CU trait was not significant. While between higher and lower CU trait females, the accuracy and response time were not significantly different. When identifying other emotions, there was no significant difference in the accuracy and response time between higher and lower CU trait groups of both males and females. Conclusion: The higher callous unemotional trait adolescent males may display deficits in processing fear emotions, but adolescent females with higher callous unemotional trait can accurately recognize fear emotion.

Local Sagittal Alignment of the Lumbar Spine and Range of Motion in 627 Asymptomatic Subjects: Age-Related Changes and Sex-Based Differences

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort imaging study. PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate lumbar sagittal alignment and range of motion (ROM) using radiographs in a large asymptomatic cohort and identify sex-based differences and age-related changes in the subjects. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Several researchers have tried to establish normal alignment and kinematic behavior of the lumbar spine, using plain radiographs. Few studies have employed a large and sex-and age-balanced cohort. METHODS: Total 627 healthy volunteers (at least 50 males and 50 females in each age decade, from the 3rd to the 8th decade) underwent whole spine radiography in the standing position; lumbar spine radiography was performed for all subjects in the recumbent position. Lumbar lordosis (LL, T12–S1) and ROM during flexion and extension were measured using a computer digitizer. RESULTS: The mean LL was 36.8°±13.2° in the recumbent position and 49.8°±11.2° in the standing position. The LL was greater in the standing position than in the recumbent position; further, LL was higher in females as compared to that in males. Local lordosis at each disk level increased incrementally with distal progression through the lumbar spine in both the positions. Local lordosis at L4–S1 was 29.8°±8.0° in the recumbent position and 34.2°±8.3° in the standing position and occupied 85.1% and 70.8% of the total LL, respectively. However, local lordosis in the standing position decreased with age at L2–3, L3–4, and L4–5 levels. Total lumbar ROM (T12–S1) decreased with age. The ROM in females was higher than that in males. CONCLUSIONS: We established the standard value and age-related changes in the lumbar alignment and ROM in each age decade in asymptomatic subjects. These data will be useful and provide the normal values for comparison in clinical practice to identify sex-based differences and age-related changes.

Gender Differences in the Effects of Psychosocial Health of Adolescents with Chronic Illness on Quality of Life

PURPOSE: Recently, considering the large number of adolescents suffering from chronic illness, it is important to identify the factors affecting the quality of life (QoL) in order to develop intervention programs. METHODS: Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 21.0. The general characteristics, psychosocial health status, and life satisfaction distributions of the participants were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were calculated to test the reliability of the instrument. The differences in psychosocial health status and life satisfaction according to gender were tested with t-test and Chi-square test. Additionally, multiple regression analysis was used to examine the effect of psychosocial health status on life satisfaction. RESULTS: The multiple regression analysis revealed that depression, ego resilience, and self-esteem were associated with the QoL in both male and female participants. Economic status, subjective health, peer attachment, and smart phone addiction were associated with the QoL in male participants, while exercise time during physical education classes, social withdrawal, and school adaptation were associated with the QoL in female participants. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that a health promotion program should be developed, which reflects gender differences, to improve the QoL of adolescents with chronic illness.

Clinical Characteristics of 65 Male Patients with Sj(o)gren's Syndrome / 医学研究杂志

Objective To analyze the different clinical features and system lesions of female and male primary Sj(o)gren's syndrome (pSS) patients and to attract more attention to male pSS patients' pathogenic features.Methods Clinical information of pSS patients was gathered and physicochemical tests were conducted.The clinical features of female and male patients were summarized and analyzed.Results 935 pSS cases were collected,among which 65 cases were male.The male-female ratio was 0.7∶ 10.The man's median duration of diagnosis was 10 months,with a median duration of 36 months,compared with women's time (P ＜ 0.05).There were significant statistical differences between both the dry mouth and dry eyes occurrence rate of female and male patients (P ＜ 0.05).In ophthalmic Schirmer tests,440 female patients and 8 male presented abnormal results (P ＜ 0.05).For labial gland biopsy,the positive rate of male patients was much higher than that of the female (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of lymphadenectasis of male patients was 16.9％,which was higher than that of female patients (5.2％),presenting statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).As regards pSS system lesions,54.48％ of the female presenting presented system lesions,while this rate for male patients was only 36.92％;the rate of multiple system lesions for female and male patients was 10.8％ and 3％ (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of lymphadenectasis of male patients was higher than that of female patients (P ＜ 0.05).As regards pSS system lesions,the incidence of multiple system involvement was low(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The incidence of male pSS is significantly lower than that of female.Dry mouth dryness is lower than that of female,and there is no difference in digestive,respiratory,urinary and nervous system involvement.

Gender differences in stressful life events and depression in Chinese adults aged 30-79 years / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate gender specific differences in the association between stressful life events (SLEs) and depression in Chinese adults aged 30-79 years. Methods In the baseline survey during 2004-2008, the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) recruited 512891 men and women aged 30-79 years from 10 areas of China. Detailed information on SLEs, including demographic and socio-economic status, smoking, alcohol drinking and history of chronic disease, as well as depression symptoms and major depressive episodes (MDEs) in preceding 12 months, was collected by using standardized questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression model was employed to estimate the relative risk ratio (RRR) and 95%CI of SLEs (3 categories, 10 items) on depression and the dose-response relationship between the number of SLEs experienced and depression. The interactions between gender and SLEs on depression were examined with likelihood ratio test. Results Among the 512891 participants, 35085 (6.8%) reported family-related events, 5972 (1.2%) reported finance-related events, and 4453 (0.9%) reported other stressful life events. Females had a higher occurrence of family-related events, while males had a higher occurrence of finance-related and other events (all P-value <0.001). After adjusted for potential confounders, SLEs were significantly associated with MDEs (RRR=11.99, 95%CI: 10.49-13.71 for males; RRR=14.15, 95%CI: 12.97-15.43 for females), and with depressive symptoms (RRR=7.43, 95%CI:6.94-7.95 for males;RRR=8.30, 95%CI: 7.91-8.72 for females). And the associations were stronger in females than in males (P for interaction=0.049). In the three categories of SLEs, family-related events showed stronger association in female (P for interaction<0.001), while no gender specific differences were observed for the other two categories (all P-value>0.05). Furthermore, the effect of the number of SLEs experienced increased in a dose-response manner on depressive symptoms and MDEs for both genders, but no gender specific differences were found. Conclusions The gender modifies the association between stressful life events and depression in Chinese adults, and women experienced family-related events have a greater risk of depression. The more the stressful events experienced, the more likely to have depression.