ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the fruits of Eucalyptus globulus. Methods: The chemical constituents were separated by column chromatography, such as silica gel, sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. On the basis of spectral data analysis, their structures were elucidated. Results: Twelve compounds were isolated and purified which structures were elucidated as 1,10-dioxotayloriane (1), litseagermacrane (2), (-)-globulol (3), (-)-epiglobulol (4), viridiflorol (5), oleanolic acid (6), betulinic acid (7), ursolic acid (8), robustanic acid (9), 1-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-methylbutan-1-one (10), ellagic acid (11), and 3-O-methylellagic acid-4'-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (12). Conclusion: Compounds 1 and 2 are isolated from the Eucalyptus L. Herit for the first time, compounds 9 and 10 are isolated from this plant for the first time.
ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the sedative and anesthetic effects of the essential oils (EO) of Hyptis mutabilis (Rich.) Briq. and their isolated components on silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Quantitative chemical differences between the EOs obtained from leaves and inflorescences were verified, and a new chemotype rich in globulol was described. Although there were no significant differences in the time of induction for sedation and anesthesia between the EOs, only the leaf EO at 344 mg/L anesthetized all fish without side effects. Fractionation of the leaf EO was carried out by column chromatography. The isolated compounds [(+)-1-terpinen-4-ol and (-)-globulol] showed different activity from that detected for the leaf EO in proportional concentrations and similar sedation to a eugenol control at 10 mg/L. However, fish exposed to 1-terpinen-4-ol (3 and 10 mg/L) did not remain sedated for 30 min. Anesthesia was obtained with 83-190 mg/L globulol, but animals showed loss of mucus during induction and mortality at these concentrations. Synergism of the depressor effects was detected with the association of globulol and benzodiazepine (BDZ), compared with either drug alone. Fish exposed to BDZ or globulol+BDZ association showed faster recovery from anesthesia in water containing flumazenil, but the same did not occur with globulol. In conclusion, the use of globulol in aquaculture procedures should be considered only at sedative concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/L, and its mechanism of action seems not to involve the GABAA-BDZ system.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anesthetics/pharmacology , Catfishes , Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology , Hyptis/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Analysis of Variance , Anesthetics/isolation & purification , GABA Agents/metabolism , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Hypnotics and Sedatives/isolation & purification , Inflorescence/chemistry , Mortality , Oils, Volatile/isolation & purification , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Statistics, Nonparametric , Sesquiterpenes/isolation & purification , Sesquiterpenes/pharmacokinetics , Terpenes/isolation & purification , Terpenes/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The bark of Bursera tomentosa was collected at full flowering stage in September 2002 at Cabudare, Lara State. The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation and it was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty eight components were identified which made up 90.1 percent of the oil. The main constituents of the essential oil were: spatulenol (11.4 percent, globulol (8.9 percent), epi alpha Cadinol (8.8 percent) and cis-ocimene (7.3 percent).
La corteza de Bursera tomentosa, fue recolectada en estado de floración en el mes de septiembre 2002 en Cabudare, Estado Lara. El aceite esencial fue obtenido por hidrodestilación y analizado por CG y CG/EM. Se identificó veinte y ocho compuestos que constituyen el 90.1por ciento del aceite. Los constituyentes mayoritarios del aceite esencial fueron spatulenol (11.4 por ciento), globulol (8.9 por ciento), epi-alfa-cadinol (8.8 por ciento) y cis-ocimeno (7.3 por ciento).